火焰原子吸收法快速测定进口铁矿石中微量钾钠钙镁锰

采用盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶样,在试液中加入五种元素标准溶液的标准加入法,用氯化锶件释放剂,乙二胺四乙酸二锂盐为保护剂,氯化钯为消电离剂,采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法连续测定进口高品位铁矿石中五种元素含量.手续简便,溶样完全,测定快速,与标准方法同时测定样品,数据完全吻合.方法准确、可靠,有实用推广价值.     

黄芪中痕量元素的形态分析

对不同产地中药黄芪中铁、锰、铜及锌4种痕量元素存在的形态及其含量进行研究。文中叙述了分离各种形态的方法及其试液,包括样品中测定痕量元素总量的试液,水煎液的可溶态和悬浮态的试液,可溶态试液中有机形态、无机形态、稳定形态和不稳定形态的试液,以及水煎药渣中4种元素测定溶液等8种试液的制备方法。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了各试液中4种痕量元素的含量。以可溶无机形态的试液为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得4种元素的回收率在97.6%～102.0%之间。     

地球化学样品中铷元素的方法选择研究

本文针易电离元素铷,采用原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体多元素测定的两种方法进行了探讨。三酸溶样的原子吸收法需要加入硫酸钾做电离抑制剂,操作繁杂但检出限更低,线性范围窄;四酸溶样的等离子体光谱法方法简便快速,适合大批量多元素快速测定。两种方法结合使用可实现大批量样品中铷的快捷、简单、准确检测。     

地球化学样品中铷元素的测定方法选择研究

针对易电离元素铷,采用原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法两种测定方法进行了探讨。用原子吸收光谱法测定铷需要加入硫酸钾作电离抑制剂,操作繁杂但检出限(0.2μg/mL)更低,线性范围窄;采用(HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4)溶样,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定简便快速,检出限为1.2μg/mL,适合大批量多元素快速测定。两种方法结合使用可实现大批量样品中铷的快捷、简单、准确测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氧化铝中杂质元素

普通氧化铝中杂质元素主要有钠、钾、硅、铁、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜、锂、钙等。在国家标准[1] 中 ,Ｎａ2 Ｏ、Ｋ2 Ｏ的分析采用火焰光度计法 ,Ｆｅ2 Ｏ3 的分析采用比色法 ,ＺｎＯ的分析采用原子吸收光谱法。国家标准中没有Ｌｉ2 Ｏ的分析方法 ,文献 [2 ]介绍了Ｌｉ2 Ｏ的分析方法。这些元素的测定采用了不同的溶样方法和测定方法 ,手续多 ,时间长 ,而且使用了三种分析仪器。本文采用ＨＣｌ溶样 ,加消电离剂 ,用空气 乙炔火焰连续测定氧化铝中五种元素的含量 ,取得了满意的结果。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂岛津ＡＡ 6 80 0型原子吸收分…     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硫化物矿石中的铜铅锌

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定硫化物矿石中Cu、Pb、Zn三种元素的方法,取代了传统的四酸(HCl+HNO3+HClO4+HF)溶样法,采用简单的盐酸和硝酸溶解矿石,大大缩短了分析时间。选择干扰少且灵敏度高的谱线作为待测元素的分析谱线,采用左右两点扣背景的方法校正光谱干扰和基体匹配方法消除物理干扰,用GBW07162和GBW07163等不同种类的国家一级标准物质进行精密度和准确度实验,测定结果的相对标准偏差都在10%以内,测定结果都在标准值的误差范围内,符合地质矿产开发的要求。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡渣中的铟

采用了四种溶样方法,通过对四种方法得到的数据评估后采用混合熔剂熔样,最终建立了一种利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡渣中铟的方法,在硝酸介质中,于波长303.9nm处,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,并采用标准加入法测定样品中干扰难以排除的元素。方法简便、实用,具有较高的精密度和准确度,方法的相对标准偏差为0.74%~1.0%,加标回收率为96.21%~103.76%。     

含大量可溶硅试样中金的原子吸收法测定

原子吸收法测定矿石中金是比较常见的分析方法。但在试样中含有大量可溶硅,由于采用王水分解,在溶液中易出现大量硅酸沉淀.对金的测定造成困难。本文利用在溶样时稀释试液体积,用有机溶剂萃取溴化金的办法使金与其它元素很好分离,方法的再现性较好;溶液中含有大量铁、铝、钙、镁、铜、铅、锌等干扰元素。经萃取后不干扰金的测定;大量硅酸沉淀对金的测定有影响,但将溶液体积稀释后即使含有大量硅酸沉淀,对金的吸附也很少,不干扰测定。方法适用于含0.10克/吨以上金的矿石分析。主要试剂与仪器王水(1+1):新鲜配制;金标准溶液:1毫升含100微克金;WFX-10型原子吸收分光光度计。波长2428(?);狭缝宽度0.2mm;     

空气 - 乙炔火焰原子吸收法连续测定铜粉中微量Fe、Pb、Sb、Zn和Ni

用HNO3-HCl溶解试样,在几个相同量的试液中,分别加入质量浓度依次递增的5种元素的标准溶液,用火焰原子吸收法连续测定了Fe、Pb、Sb、Zn和Ni的含量,建立了优化的仪器测定条件,并对可能存在的元素进行了干扰试验。结果表明,Fe、Pb、Sb等5种元素的回收率为98.0%～102.3%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～2.5%。     

无污染封闭溶样原子吸收法测定矿石中银

矿石中银的测定关键在于矿样的处理.通常其预处理方法有:HCl-HNO_3、王水-盐酸法、盐酸-王水法、HCl-HNO_3-HClO_4法.这些预处理方法在溶样过程中,均因矿液溅跳或蒸干的湿度不当,而使测定结果误差较大.本文将无污染封闭溶样法应用于银的原子吸收测定中取得了良好的效果.该法是将矿样置于聚乙烯溶样瓶中,采用浓硝酸处理硫,加入一定量的王水和氢氟酸于封闭式溶样器中进行加热分解,由于在封闭条件下进行溶样,避免了酸的挥发和试液的溅跳,防止了因温度过高而产生的干涸现象.这不但提高了分析的准确度,且大大节约了试剂、节约用电、改善工作环境、有益于分析人员的身体健康.经矿样验证,该法适用于矿石、金精矿硫酸烧渣等含银试样的溶解和测定,值得推广使用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。