Multistep excitation of autoionizing states of the samarium atom

In this work, 4f ⁶6pnl and 4f ⁵5d6snl (l=0,2) autoionizing states of the samarium (Sm) atom, especially those with lower principal quantum number, have been studied, using the isolated-core excitation scheme with three dye lasers. In the energy region between 57 990 and 61 030 cm⁻¹, there are 74 autoionizing states of the Sm atom observed. These states can be classified into the autoionization series converging to four different ionization limits. In most cases, the line shapes of these autoionizing states are nearly symmetric, from which the level energies and widths can be easily obtained by fitting the experimental spectra to the Lorentzian profiles. In addition, several spectroscopic properties of these autoionizing states, such as configuration interaction, are also discussed.     

The study of autoionizing states of the samarium atom

The investigation of the samarium (Sm) atom autoionizing states, belonging to the 4f⁶ 6pnl and 4f⁵ 5d6snl (l=0, 2) configurations, has been carried out by using a three-step isolated-core-excitation (ICE) scheme. Fifty-seven new autoionizing states of the Sm atom have been observed in the energy region between 60,700 and 66,500 cm^?1. These autoionizing states are classified into five autoionization series in the light of different ionization limits. In most cases, the transition profiles of these autoionizing states are nearly symmetric, from which the peak positions and widths can be easily obtained by Lorentzian-profile-fitting procedure. Some autoionizing states have multi-peak profiles whose spectroscopic properties are analyzed in order to understand the complicated structures.     

用双光子电离探测技术研究奇宇称的Sm原子光谱

采用两台激光器对Sm原子奇宇称激发态的光谱及其特性进行了系统研究.利用一台波长在585 nm到663 nm之间调谐的染料激光器,将Sm原子从某个4f⁶6s²⁷F_J(J=0—6)态激发到具有奇宇称的4f⁶6s6p或4f⁵5d6s²激发态.然后,采用波长固定在532 nm的强激光束,对处于上述奇宇称激发态的Sm原子进行双光子电离,以实现探测其光谱信息 关键词： 双光子电离 奇宇称态 Sm原子     

Autoionization spectra of Sm atom

Spectra of autoionizing states of the Sm atom in an energy region between 45948.9 cm-1 and 46943.6 cm-1 are systematically investigated by a three-color multi-step resonant excitation scheme with three different excitation paths.The three intermediate states,4f 66s7s 7F3,4f 66s7s 7F4,and 4f 66s7s 9F5 are employed for the three paths,respectively.Based on precise calibration of wavelength,the level energies of 112 autoionizing states are determined with the line widths and the relative line intensities of the related transitions.The possible influence of configuration interaction on the line shape of autoionizing state is also discussed.In addition,a unique value of J,the total angular momentum,is assigned to all detected states by comparing the three spectra obtained with the different excitation paths.     

钐原子的两步激发共振光电离光谱

采用两步激发共振光电离技术研究了Sm原子的偶宇称高激发态光谱.实验采用了两条激发路线：1)第一束激光的波长固定在478.44nm以便将Sm原子从4f⁶6s²［⁷F₁］态激发至4f⁶6s6p［⁷D₁］态,再用第二束激光使其波长从480nm扫描至530nm,将Sm原子进一步激发至待测的高激发态;2)第一束激光的波长固定在574.8 关键词： Sm原子 光谱 分步激发 共振电离     

Sm原子的偶宇称高激发态的光谱研究

采用双色三步激发和光电离过程,对Sm原子的偶宇称高激发态的光谱进行了研究.先采用两条激发路线分别将Sm原子两步共振激发至待测的高激发态,然后利用光电离技术对其进行探测.分别将第一束激光的波长固定在627.50nm和624.41nm上,以便将Sm原子从亚稳态共振激发到由4f⁶6s6p电子组态所构成的两个原子状态上.第二束激光在440-700nm的波段范围内扫描,不仅使Sm原子在30040-38065cm^-1能域内的偶宇称高激发态上布居,将其进一步光电离,测量了其光谱.通过光谱定标和选择定则等分析手段,本工作不仅精确获得了136个态的能级位置,而且也唯一确定了其总角动量,并且给出了相关跃迁的相对谱线强度.     

STUDY OF HIGH-LYING EXCITED STATES OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENT Dy BY LASER RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY

This paper describes the investigation of high-excited states of Dy. which includes the measurement of high Rydberg states and autoionizing states, by means of laser resonance ionization spectroscopy (LRIS). Two high Rydberg series (n>40), 4f¹⁰(⁵I₈) 6sns and 4f¹⁰(⁵I₈) 6snd, have been obtained by exciting the state of 4f¹⁰(⁵I₈) 6s6p (³P⁰₂) ⁵I⁰₈ using two-step laser excitation-electric field ionization method. With the data obtained, we determined the first ionization potential of Dy. It is 47901.7±0.6 cm^-1, that is. about one order more accurate than the results given in the literature. Using the same technique, we found 97 autoionizing states by exciting the state of 4f⁹5d6s(⁷H⁰₇).     

Eu原子4f~76snlRydberg态的研究

利用三步双色共振激发技术和三步三色孤立实激发技术,系统地研究了铕原子在42250—44510 cm~(-1)能域内的光谱特性,提供了该能域内56个束缚高激发态的光谱信息.为了能确定这些态的光谱归属,进行了两方面的探索:第一,观察能否利用孤立实激发技术,把处于这些态上的铕原子进一步共振激发到自电离态,从而推断这些态属于单电子激发的束缚Rydberg态还是属于双电子激发的价态,并对Rydberg态的电子组态进行了光谱确认;第二,通过计算这些态相对于各个电离阈的量子亏损并观察它们分别收敛于哪个电离阈,以便获取其主量子数的信息.最后,设计并采用了三种不同的激发路径,分别将原子布居到同一高激发能域并探测它们在该能域的光电离光谱.通过比较这些光谱的异同并结合上述激发路径所对应的跃迁选择定则,便可惟一地确定这些高激发态的总角动量.研究发现:所探测到的高激发束缚态只有三个属于单电子激发的束缚Rydberg态,其余都是价态.本文确定了这三个Rydberg态的电子组态和原子状态.     

NEW AUTOIONIZING STATES NEAR THE FIRST IONIZATION LIMIT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT Dy

This paper describes the investigation of autoionizing states near the first ionization limit of rare-earth element Dy. The 62, 51, 97 and 25 new autoionizing states resulting from the states of 4f¹⁰(⁵I₈)6s6p(³P⁰₂)³I⁰₇, 4f⁹ (⁶H⁰)5d²(³F)(⁸G⁰)6s⁹G⁰₇, 4f⁹(⁶F⁰)5d6s^{2 7}H⁰₇ and 4f⁹5d6s^{2 7}K⁰₇, respectively, were found by using a laser resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LRI-TOFMS), The photoionization efficiencies for different channels were compared with each other. In addition, the Shore-Fano parameters of autoionizing states were determined by a nonlinear fitting program.     

Investigation of odd-parity Rydberg states of Eu I with autoionization detection

Isolated-core-excitation (ICE) scheme and autoionization detection are employed to study the bound Rydberg states of europium atom. The high-lying states with odd parity have been measured using the autoionization detection method with three different excitation paths via 4f⁷6s6p[ ⁸P_5/2], 4f⁷6s6p[ ⁸P_7/2] and 4f⁷6s6p[ ⁸P_9/2] intermediate states, respectively. In this paper the spectra of bound Rydberg states of Eu atom are reported, which cover the energy regions from 36000~cm^-1 to 38250~cm^-1 and from 38900~cm^-1 to 39500 cm^-1. The study provides the information about level energy, the possible J values and relative line intensity as well as the effective principal quantum number n^* for these states. This work not only confirms the previous results of many states, but also discovers 11 new Rydberg states of Eu atom.     

Experimental study of autoionizing states of AuI

This paper describes the investigation of the autoionizing states of AuI by exciting the states of 6d ² D _3/2 and 6d D _5/2 with tunable dye lasers by means of a resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RI-TOFMS). Many new autoionizing states were found, a few of which have narrow-linewidths of about 0.1 cm^–1. The photoionization efficiencies for different channels were compared. Among the autoionizing states found so far, the highest photoionization yield is given by two newly obtained states from the state 6d ² D _5/2, 3683.6 cm^–1 and 4636.5 cm^–1 above the first ionization limit. In addition, the Shore-Fano profile parameters of several autoionizing resonances were determined by a nonlinear fitting program.     

A study on odd-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom with three-color resonant excitation

The odd-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom are investigated systematically by a three-color resonant excitation scheme with two different excitation paths.The two intermediate states,4f 6 6s7s 7 F 0 and 4f 6 6s7s 7 F 1 are employed for paths I and II,respectively.Fifty-seven bound states are detected with paths I and II in the energy range between 44188 and 45515 cm 1,while 64 autoionizing states are found in the energy range from 45528 to 45761 cm 1.Not only the level energies of all observed states,b...     

Line shape parameters study of the 6p7p (<Superscript>1</Superscript>P<Subscript>1</Subscript>, <Superscript>3</Superscript>D<Subscript>1</Subscript> and <Superscript>3</Superscript>P<Subscript>1</Subscript>): Autoionizing resonances in barium

We report a systematic line shape analysis study of the 6p7p configuration based ¹P₁, ³D₁ and ³P₁ autoionizing resonances in barium using a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser system in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The even parity isolated autoionizing resonances have been approached via four intermediate states 6 snp ¹P₁ (6 ≤n ≤8) and 5d6p ¹P₁. A comparison of the Fano parameters of the resonance profiles reveals that the width of an autoionizing resonance is independent of the excitation path while the line profile parameter changes with the selection of different intermediate states.     

Photoionization spectra of even-parity states of Sm atom with multistep excitation

Two-color stepwise excitation and photoionization schemes are adopted to study the spectra of bound even-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom with three different excitation paths via the 4f⁶6s6p ⁷D_J (J=1, 2 and 3) intermediate states. In order to obtain the information of these high-lying states, the Sm atom in these high-lying states is photoionized with an extra photon. Among 231 states detected in the energy region between 35,545 and 44,225 cm⁻¹, 108 states are newly discovered, while the rest can be identified as the same with the literature. In most cases, comparisons of the spectra corresponding to the three different excitation paths may partially determine the total angular momentum of the observed peaks with the selection rules. In addition, the relative intensities of all related transition lines are given.     

Ba原子6pnd(J=1, 3)自电离光谱的实验研究

采用三台可调谐激光实施孤立实激发,分三步将处于基态的Ba原子激发到6p_1/2nd(J=1,3)和6p_3/2nd(J=1,3)自电离态上,获得了分别从6snd¹D₂(n=7—15)和6snd³D₂(n=7—12) 激发而得到的6p_1/2nd(J=1,3)和6p_3/2nd (J=1,3)自电离光谱,重点对主量子数n较低的自电离态进行了实验研究. 通过光谱的线形拟合得到了上述能级的位置和宽度等数据,进而获得了量子亏损和约化宽度等信息. 通过对不同系列的自电离光谱的分析和比较,详细讨论了这些自电离态的光谱特征及其复杂光谱结构的成因. 关键词： 孤立实激发 组态相互作用 自电离态     

Even-parity states of the Sm atom with stepwise excitation

Two-colour stepwise excitation and photoionization schemes are adopted to study the spectra of high-lying states of the Sm atom. These bound even-parity states are excited with three different excitation paths from the 4f66s6p7DJ (J = 1, 2, 3) intermediate states, respectively. They are probed by photoionization process with an extra photon driving them to the continuum states. In this experiment, 270 states are detected in an energy range from 36160 cm-1 to 42250 cm-1, 109 of which are newly discovered, while the rest of them are confirmed to be the energy levels reported previously. Furthermore, based on the J-momentum selection rules of three excitation paths, a unique assignment of J-momentum for all observed states is determined, eliminating all remaining ambiguities in the literature. Finally, 53 single-colour transitions originating from the scanning laser are also identified. For all the relevant transitions, the information about their relative intensities is also given in the paper.     

Laser-induced effects for overlapping autoinoizing rydberg states of xenon

The effect of a laser field on the cross section of photoionization of an atom by probe radiation in the region of closely lying autoionizing resonances is studied theoretically. The cross sections in the region of the overlapping autoionizing Rydberg states 5p ⁵(² P _1/2)6d′ J = 1 and 5p ⁵(² P _1/2)8s′ J = 1 resonantly coupled with the discrete state 5p ⁵(² P _3/2)7p[1/2]₁ in the xenon atom are calculated. The behavior of the shape and position of resonances in relation to the frequency and intensity of laser radiation is studied.     

利用光电离技术研究奇宇称的Sm原子光谱

采用一台频率可扫描的染料激光器将Sm原子从4f66s2 7FJ(J=1,2)态分别激发到具有不同电子组态的若干原子态上,然后利用光电离技术对处于上述状态的Sm原子进行高灵敏探测.通过波长固定在355nm的紫外激光器,我们对一系列具有4f66s6p或者4f55d6s2电子组态的原子状态进行了精密的光谱测量.本实验研究不但确定了这些态的能级位置,还给出了它们的相对光谱强度.通过理论方法对光谱数据详细的分析,我们不但确认了文献中Sm原子的部分奇字称能级的位置和光谱标识,还同时给出了许多新的跃迁及其光谱特性.     

Eu原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns自电离态的光谱的研究(英文)

采用孤立实激发技术,对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态的光谱进行了系统的研究,同时是首次在不同激光偏振组合下进行的研究。首先,用前两束激光分步将铕原子从基态4f~76s~2经中间4f~76s6p态激发至4f~76sns里德堡态,然后再用第三束激光通过离子实4f~76s~+→4f~76p~+_(3/2)的跃迁将其进一步激发至4f~76p_(3/2)7s自电离态或4f~76p_(3/2)8s自电离态。对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态复杂的光谱分别给出了详细的解释,从中我们可以获得一些重要的光谱信息,比如自电峰的能级位置和线宽等,同时还可以观察到收敛于不同离子限的自电离系列之间的组态相互作用。最后,通过比较不同激光偏振组合下的自电离光谱,确定了一些自电离态的总角动量的值。     

High resolution measurements of hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in 9 spectral lines of Nd I

Nine transitions in Nd I, originating from various levels belonging to the 4f ⁴6s ² ground state configuration, have been studied with high resolution using an actively stabilized C.W. ring dye laser in a crossed laser-atomic-beam set-up. Accurate values for the isotope shifts in all transitions as well as for the hyperfine structure constants of 7 excited states have been obtained.