Keggin型铜取代磷钨杂多阴离子可见光催化降解罗丹明B

以Keggin型铜取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Cu(Ⅱ)(H2O)5-[PW11Cu]为可见光催化剂,有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物,研究了在可见光照射下PW11Cu对RhB的可见光催化降解作用,提出了PW11Cu可见光催化作用的反应机理,同时考察了RhB初始浓度、PW11Cu初始浓度和溶液pH值对RhB光催化降解速率的影响。 实验结果表明,含有15.6 μmol/L PW11Cu+10 μmol/L RhB的水溶液在可见光照射下反应80 min,RhB的降解率达100%,总有机碳去除率约33%。 RhB的可见光催化降解服从准一级动力学方程,在RhB初始浓度为20、30和40 μmol/L的情况下,其表观一级速率常数分别为3.1×10-2、2.0×10-2和1.5×10-2 min-1。     

Keggin型铬取代杂多阴离子/D301R可见光催化性能

将Keggin型铬取代磷钨杂多阴离子PW11O39Cr(Ⅲ)(H2O)4-(PW11Cr)负载于弱碱性阴离子交换树脂D301R表面,制备了固体光催化剂PW11Cr/D301R,并以模型污染物罗丹明B(RhB)的降解为探针评估了该催化剂的可见光催化活性,讨论了光催化反应机理,同时考察了催化剂剂量、溶液pH值和溶液中常见离子对RhB可见光催化降解反应的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。 实验结果表明,当PW11Cr/D301R的剂量为100 mg时,10 μmol/L RhB水溶液暴露在200 W金卤灯下进行照射,RhB完全降解所需的时间仅为30 min,比PW11Cr均相体系缩短了3倍;反应180 min总有机碳(TOC)去除率约为84%。 催化剂剂量、溶液pH值和溶液中存在的Cl-、SO2-4和PO3-4对RhB光催化降解反应的速率均有一定影响。 催化剂循环实验显示经循环使用7次后催化剂的活性几乎没有损失。     

Keggin型铬取代杂多阴离子/阴离子交换树脂的可见光催化性能

将Keggin型铬取代磷钨杂多阴离子PW11O39Cr(Ⅲ)(H2O)4-(PW11Cr)负载于弱碱性阴离子交换树脂D301R表面,制备了固体光催化剂PW11Cr/D301R,并以模型污染物罗丹明B(RhB)的降解为探针评估了该催化剂的可见光催化活性,讨论了光催化反应机理,同时考察了催化剂剂量、溶液pH值和溶液中常见离子对RhB可见光催化降解反应的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明,当PW11Cr/D301R的剂量为100 mg时,10μmol/L RhB水溶液暴露在200 W金卤灯下进行照射,RhB完全降解所需的时间仅为30 min,比PW11Cr均相体系缩短了3倍;反应180 min总有机碳(TOC)去除率约为84%。催化剂剂量、溶液pH值和溶液中存在的Cl-、SO2-4和PO3-4对RhB光催化降解反应的速率均有一定影响。催化剂循环实验显示经循环使用7次后催化剂的活性几乎没有损失。     

可见光照射下SiW12O4-40/Resin光催化剂活化H2O2降解染料的研究

将杂多酸(SiW12O4-40)负载到阴离子交换树脂上,得到SiW12O4-40/Resin(SWR)固相光催化剂,在可见光的照射下,可以有效地活化H2O2降解染料.以罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)为模型化合物,研究了不同条件下RhB的降解动力学,以及降解过程中其UV-vis光谱及体系的总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)变化情况,结果表明RhB的共轭芳环结构被破坏,矿化率为24.2%.其它染料如孔雀绿(Malachite Green,MG)和吖啶橙(Acridine Orange,AO)等也可以被降解和矿化.催化剂的循环实验表明SWR固相光催化剂易于分离,并且具有良好的稳定性,可以重复利用.     

可见光/Fenton光催化降解有机染料

采用Fenton试剂(Fe³⁺/H₂O₂)在可见光条件下(λ＞450nm)光催化降解目标染料化合物罗丹明B(RhodamineB,RhB).在pH＜3.0体系中用可见光照射,能使RhB染料在光敏化作用下有效降解,反应160min后矿化率达到71.8%.采用ESR和溴甲酚绿(Bromocresolgreen,BCG)法跟踪测定活性氧化物种,通过对RhB降解过程的紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱分析及总有机碳量(TOC)跟踪测定,结果表明,Fe³⁺/H₂O₂/RhB体系在可见光照射下主要的活性氧化物种为羟基自由基,能有效地降解RhB.     

Hg掺杂CdS的制备及可见光降解有毒有机污染物

采用镉硫共沉淀方法制备了Hg掺杂CdS(Hg_xCd_1-xS)光催化剂,运用X射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱对所制备的催化剂进行了表征;利用可见光催化降解罗丹明B(Rhodi-amine B,RhB)和2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-dichlorophenol,2,4-DCP)为探针反应,对Hg_xCd_1-xS可见光催化活性进行了研究,通过跟踪RhB降解过程中吸收光谱的变化和总有机碳(TOC),评价了Hg_xCd_1-xS对有机物的氧化降解及深度矿化能力.结果表明:Hg_xCd_1-xS催化剂为立方晶型,Hg的最佳掺杂量为5%,其禁带宽度约为2.15 eV,对RhB和2,4-DCP均有较好的降解效果,实验条件下30 min RhB褪色率为100%,RhB的30 h矿化率为45.5%,2,4-DCP的16 h降解率达55%.Hg_xCd_1-xS可见光光催化降解RhB具有较高的稳定性,Hg的掺杂能有效降低CdS光腐蚀问题.通过ESR跟踪测定光催化反应过程中产生的自由基,表明降解过程涉及·OH机理.     

铬取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Cr（Ⅲ）（H2O）4-可见光催化降解罗丹明B

为了利用太阳光能去除水体有机染料污染物,以Keggin型铬取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Cr(III)(H2O)4-(PW11Cr)为光催化剂, 详细研究在可见光照射下PW11Cr对水体有机染料污染物罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解作用, 考察RhB和PW11Cr初始浓度以及溶液pH对RhB可见光催化降解速率的影响, 并通过可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱研究水溶液中PW11Cr和RhB的相互作用, 提出PW11Cr光催化作用的机理. 实验结果表明,含有50 μTTmol·L-1 PW11Cr和10 μTTmol·L-1 RhB的水溶液在200 W可见光下照射120 min, RhB的降解率达到100%,总有机碳去除率约32%. 在PW11Cr浓度较大和pH<3.5的酸性条件下, PW11Cr与RhB之间易发生络合, 导致RhB光降解速率变慢,而PW11Cr浓度为50 μTTmol·L-1和溶液接近中性条件下, RhB的光降解速率较快.     

非水溶性席夫碱铁疏水异相光催化降解有毒有机污染物

通过化学方法合成了疏水性金属有机复合物双（水杨醛）邻苯二胺席夫碱铁（Fe-Bis-Schiff-base- salicylaldehyde-o-Phenylenediamine,Fe-SPA）。在水溶性介质体系中,以Fe-SPA疏水特性作为异相光催化剂降解有毒有机污染物,在pH 7.2介质,可见光（λ>420nm）照射下,通过Fe-SPA活化H2O2降解有毒有机污染物罗丹明B（Rhodamine B,RhB）、亚甲基蓝（Methylene Blue trihydrate,MB）和2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-Dichlorophenol,2,4-DCP）,研究了Fe-SPA的光催化特性。在实验条件下,反应150min RhB褪色完全,反应300min MB 褪色完全,反应10h DCP降解率达到65%。采用ESR（电子顺磁共振）跟踪测定活性氧化物种,检测到催化体系中产生了高氧化活性羟基自由基。通过RhB体系降解过程中的紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱分析,表明目标底物有效降解且最终转化为胺类和羧酸类小分子。在水溶性介质体系中,Fe-SPA以疏水特性作为异相光催化剂具有良好的稳定性,循环使用5次,光催化活性基本稳定。     

席夫碱铁-TiO2复合物光催化降解有毒有机污染物

运用化学合成方法制备了双(5-磺酸钠水杨醛)邻苯二胺席夫碱[N,N -Bis-schiff-base-5-sulfonate-salicylalidene- o-phenylenediamine sodium, SSPA]铁(III)配合物(FeSSPA), 采用无机钛盐醇解法制备了席夫碱铁-TiO₂复合物催化剂(FeSSPA-TiO₂). 通过紫外-可见反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)对制备催化剂进行了表征. 利用FeSSPA-TiO₂可见光(λ＞420 nm)激发活化分子氧降解有机染料罗丹明B (Rhodamine B, RhB)、无色小分子2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-Dichlorophenol, 2,4-DCP)及水杨酸(Salicylic acid, SA), 研究了FeSSPA-TiO₂的光催化性能. 结果表明, FeSSPA-TiO₂光催化剂在pH 6.7, 可见光照射条件下, 80 min RhB褪色率达到100%, 20 h小分子2,4-DCP, SA的降解率分别达到67%, 100%. 在实验条件下, 33 h对RhB矿化率达到70.5%. 通过反应过程中氧化物种的测定, 发现降解过程主要涉及超氧自由基( )的氧化机理.     

Visible Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using Keggintype Cr（Ⅲ）-Substituted Heteropolyanion PWllO39Cr（Ⅲ）（H2O）4-

为了利用太阳光能去除水体有机染料污染物,以Keggin型铬取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Cr（III）（H2O）4-（PW11Cr）为光催化剂, 详细研究在可见光照射下PW11Cr对水体有机染料污染物罗丹明B（RhB）的光催化降解作用, 考察RhB和PW11Cr初始浓度以及溶液pH对RhB可见光催化降解速率的影响, 并通过可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱研究水溶液中PW11Cr和RhB的相互作用, 提出PW11Cr光催化作用的机理. 实验结果表明,含有50 μTTmol·L-1 PW11Cr和10 μTTmol·L-1 RhB的水溶液在200 W可见光下照射120 min, RhB的降解率达到100%,总有机碳去除率约32%. 在PW11Cr浓度较大和pH〈3.5的酸性条件下, PW11Cr与RhB之间易发生络合, 导致RhB光降解速率变慢,而PW11Cr浓度为50 μTTmol·L-1和溶液接近中性条件下, RhB的光降解速率较快.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.