差分干涉CT技术诊断激波管界面不稳定性

对差分干涉计算机层析技术诊断激波加载下气柱界面不稳定性的可行性进行初步理论和实验研究。针对有限投影数的联合代数重建算法,提出了一种新的投影矩阵计算方法,采用特定投影方向,各投影方向具有不同采样间隔。投影方向的对称性和投影线的规律性使计算过程大为减化。用该重建算法对气柱密度场进行数值模拟,结果表明4方向投影能够重建激波作用下气柱演化初期的体密度场,8方向投影基本能够重建演化中期的体密度场。用差分干涉系统对激波管气柱进行3方向诊断的实验结果表明,差分干涉计算机层析技术用于激波冲击下的气柱不稳定性密度场诊断是可行的。     

差分干涉CT技术诊断激波管界面不稳定性

对差分干涉计算机层析技术诊断激波加载下气柱界面不稳定性的可行性进行初步理论和实验研究。针对有限投影数的联合代数重建算法,提出了一种新的投影矩阵计算方法,采用特定投影方向,各投影方向具有不同采样间隔。投影方向的对称性和投影线的规律性使计算过程大为减化。用该重建算法对气柱密度场进行数值模拟,结果表明4方向投影能够重建激波作用下气柱演化初期的体密度场,8方向投影基本能够重建演化中期的体密度场。用差分干涉系统对激波管气柱进行3方向诊断的实验结果表明,差分干涉计算机层析技术用于激波冲击下的气柱不稳定性密度场诊断是可行的。     

Structural instability in metals and alloys

An analysis of features of the electron structure required to produce the spectrum of structural states in alloys indicated a number of relationships inherent to such systems. The types of structural states that can occur under the conditions of instability of the system as a whole or of an individual structural phase component are considered theoretically and experimentally. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 16–25, August, 1998.     

Hydroelastic instability of orthotropic panels with infinite width under shearing load

An analysis is presented of the hydroelastic instability of an orthotropic plate with finite length and infinite width exposed to an incompressible inviscid flow over its upper surface and subjected to shearing loads along both its edges. On the basis of the small deflection plate theory and the classical linearized potential flow theory, the problem is solved for two different boundary conditions by means of the Galerkin method and Fourier transforms. It is found that an increase of the shearing load larger than about one half of the buckling load reduces rapidly the divergence velocity and increases discontinuously the divergence wavelength.     

柱面内爆驱动金属界面不稳定性的数值模拟研究

对柱面爆轰驱动内壁刻有正弦扰动的金属钢壳与内部硅橡胶界面产生不稳定性问题进行数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果定性符合.与不考虑金属强度情况对比分析认为,未熔化状态下金属强度对不稳定性具有较强抑制作用,在某些加载条件下会使扰动增长率随扰动模数增加而减小.之后,对强度因素影响下内爆压缩驱动金属不稳定性问题的扰动发展规律进行了总结.在聚心反射波到达壳体之前,造成初始界面反转的RM不稳定性起主导作用,随着扰动模数增加扰动由呈近似线性发展到基本不发展变化,基本不变化后的扰动振幅也随模数增加而减小.聚心反射波作用到壳体内界面后,减速RT不稳定性作用明显增强,与强度等因素共同作用造成扰动呈明显非线性发展.无论是前期RM不稳定性主导阶段还是之后以减速RT不稳定性为主的扰动发展阶段,强度因素均能造成未熔化状态下金属不稳定性截止波长存在.     

横向剪切干涉中剪切量的选取及分析

横向剪切干涉技术是一种直接测量波面相位分布的光学测量方法,由于其不需要高精度的参考平面,并且能够测量偏离量较大的表面面形偏差,因此得到了更为广泛的应用。但是,通常情况下剪切量大小的选择凭工作经验来确定。为了给出一种定量的剪切量判定方法,论文提出了一种基于Zernike多项式拟合的剪切量判定方法,通过计算机仿真和实验给出了剪切量与测量误差的关系,发现剪切量为测量口径1/10时即可达到良好的测量结果。     

Phase-shifting shearing interferometer

A single-element phase-shifting interferometer has been developed based on the lateral shearing interferometer. This new interferometer requires no precise alignment, and the phase is continuously varied by changes in the voltage across a commercially available liquid-crystal phase retarder.     

Photorefractive shearing interferometer

A novel method of obtaining shearing interferogram by slightly moving the crystal in a photorefractive interferometer is proposed. This method can measure the phase of an object itself instead of its diffraction field, and it is easy to realize continuously changeable shearing distance in any lateral direction and introduce carrier fringes at the same time. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental verification are given.     

A microprism array as shearing device for speckle shearing interferometry

In most speckle shearing interferometers image shearing is performed by means of a Michelson interferometer or by means of a wedge prism covering half of the aperture of the camera objective. We present a speckle shearing interferometer which utilizes a microprism array for this purpose. It is placed between the test specimen and the camera. In comparision with a wedge prism it exhibits some advantages: it needs no exact alignment, it works with any camera lens, the shearing distance and direction of shearing can be easily changed by changing position (resp. angular orientation) of the element. Phase stepping for computer evaluation of the speckle shearing interferograms is performed by the translation of the shearing element. A special translation stage was developed. Experimental results are presented. The interferometer is suited for microcomponent and microsystem testing.     

Development of instability in the problem of flow around a sphere

Multimoment hydrodynamics equations are used to solve the problem of flow around a quiescent solid sphere. The solutions to the multimoment hydrodynamics equations are found, which enable to interpret of the phenomenon of vortex shedding. The solutions give a pattern of instability development that qualitatively reproduces experimental data over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The replacement of one unstable flow mode by another unstable mode is governed the tendency of the system to find the fastest way to depart from the state of statistical equilibrium. After stability loss, the system does not reach a new stable state. Such a scenario is at odds with the ideas of classical hydrodynamics, which interprets the development of instability in terms of a bifurcation transition from one stable state to another. This picture presented shows the direction of solving the problems faced by classical hydrodynamics in the interpretation of the phenomenon of vortex shedding.     

Attosecond spectral shearing interferometry

We show that the complete characterization of arbitrarily short isolated attosecond x-ray pulses can be achieved by applying spectral shearing interferometry to photoelectron wave packets. These wave packets are coherently produced through the photoionization of atoms by two time-delayed replicas of the x-ray pulse, and are shifted in energy with respect to each other by simultaneously applying a strong laser field. The x-ray pulse is reconstructed with the algorithm developed for optical pulses, which requires no knowledge of ionization physics. Using a 800-nm shearing field, x-ray pulses shorter than approximately 400 asec can be fully characterized.     

Development of spatial coherence from an extended source in successive rotational shearing interferometers for achromatic stellar coronagraphy

We propose a new scheme of an achromatic nulling interferometer-coronagraph to gain a higher contrast in the star-planet model. Two successive rotational shearing interferometers improve the interference contrast limited by insufficient spatial coherence of a physically extended source, a star. The theory and simulations have been confirmed by an experiment. The theoretical value of the coronagraphic contrast has been improved from 10⁴ to 10¹⁰ for an angular size of the extended source of 10^?2λ/D, where λ is the wave-length and D is the telescope’s aperture diameter.     

Polarization phase-shifting Jamin shearing interferometer

The Jamin shearing interferometer is very useful in wavefront testing, especially for the low coherent light. Based on this interferometer, a polarization phase-shifting Jamin shearing interferometer is proposed to improve the performance. In the interferometer, two interference beams are linearly polarized and a polarization phase shifter is applied to realize the phase shifting. Different types of configurations of the interferometer are given. With phase-shifting interferograms, the precision of the interferometer can be improved. The interferometer is kept as an equal optical path system and its shearing amount remains changeable with simple structure and easy operation. In experiments, phase-shifting interferograms are obtained by rotating the analyzer. The usefulness of the interferometer is verified.     

Simple phase-shifting lateral shearing interferometer

A phase-shifting electronic speckle pattern shearing interferometer with a very simple shearing device is proposed. Two partially reflective glass plates are used to introduce the shear in this new interferometer. The reflection coefficients of the coatings on the two plates are 0.3 and 0.7. The distance between the two glass plates controls the size of the shear. The proposed new interferometric system is simple, flexible, and low cost.     

剪切散斑干涉术的统计分析

本文用统计光学方法分析了剪切散斑图的成象过程;散斑图的频谱分布以及全场滤波干涉条纹的形成.发现剪切散斑干涉条纹不仅与三维位移微分有关,而且与面内位移量有关.在此基础上又讨论了影响干涉条纹质量的有关因素,并作了实验验证.     

Holographic interferometry with wavefront shearing

Application of the common path shearing interferometric techniques to holography to study the phase variations in transparent specimens is described. These shearing interferometers are less susceptible to vibration and other external disturbances. Real-time reconstructed interferograms are shown.     

Lateral shearing interferometry of high-harmonic wavefronts

We present a technique for frequency-resolved wavefront characterization of high harmonics based on lateral shearing interferometry. Tilted replicas of the driving laser pulse are produced by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, producing separate focii in the target. The interference of the resulting harmonics on a flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer yields the spatial phase derivative. A comprehensive set of spatial profiles, resolved by harmonic order, validate the technique and reveal the interplay of single-atom and macroscopic effects.     

Development of diocotron instability in the squeezed state of a relativistic electron beam

Nonlinear nonstationary processes in a beam-plasma system containing a hollow intense relativistic electron beam with an overcritical current in the squeezed state are studied numerically. The emergence and development of diocotron instability in the squeezed state, which leads to formation of vortex structures, is analyzed in detail, and the effect the magnitude of the external magnetic field has on the processes of structure formation in the beam is investigated.