Quadruple Gaussian Laser Beam Profile Dynamics in Collisionless Magnetized Plasma

This paper presents an investigation of self-focusing of a quadruple Gaussian laser beam in collisionless magnetized plasma. The nonlinearity due to ponderomotive force which arises on account of nonuniform intensity distribution of the laser beam is considered. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the evaluation of complex envelope in the slowly varying envelope approximation is solved using a paraxial formalism. The self-focusing mechanism in magnetized plasma, in the presence of self-compression mechanism will be analyzed in contrast to the case in which it is absent. It can be observed that, in case of ponderomotive nonlinearity, the self-compression mechanism obstructs the pulse self-focusing above a certain intensity value. The effect of an external magnetic field is to generate pulses with smaller spot size and shorter compression length. The lateral separation parameter and the initial intensity of the laser beam play a crucial role on focusing and compression parameters. Also, the three-dimensional analysis of pulse propagation is presented by coupling the self-focusing equation with the self-compression one.     

Quadruple Gaussian Laser Beam Profile Dynamics in Collisionless Magnetized Plasma

This paper presents an investigation of self-focusing of a quadruple Gaussian laser beam in collisionless magnetized plasma. The nonlinearity due to ponderomotive force which arises on account of nonuniform intensity distribution of the laser beam is considered. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the evaluation of complex envelope in the slowly varying envelope approximation is solved using a paraxial formalism. The self-focusing mechanism in magnetized plasma, in the presence of self-compression mechanism will be analyzed in contrast to the case in which it is absent. It can be observed that, in case of ponderomotive nonlinearity, the self-compression mechanism obstructs the pulse self-focusing above a certain intensity value. The effect of an external magnetic field is to generate pulses with smaller spot size and shorter compression length. The lateral separation parameter and the initial intensity of the laser beam play a crucial role on focusing and compression parameters. Also, the three-dimensional analysis of pulse propagation is presented by coupling the self-focusing equation with the self-compression one.     

Nonlinear Interaction of a Right-Handed Circularly Polarized Gaussian Electromagnetic Beam with an Electron-Plasma Wave: Generation of Ion-Acoustic Wave

This paper presents an investigation of the nonlinear interaction of a high-power right-handed circularly polarized Gaussian electromagnetic beam with an electron-plasma wave in a hot collisionless magnetoplasma. Because of the nonuniform intensity distribution of the electromagnetic beam, in a plane transverse to the direction of propagation, the ponderomotive force becomes finite and leads to the modification in the background carrier density. This leads to the nonlinear coupling between the electromagnetic beam and the electron-plasma wave. Consequently, the focusing of the electron-plasma wave may take place, leading to the enhancement in its amplitude. The excited electron-plasma wave may again interact with the electromagnetic beam and generate an ion-acoustic wave of appreciable power. The power of the generated ion-acoustic wave increases as we approach the critical density region.     

Second Harmonic Generation of Self Focused Cosh‐Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisionless Plasma

This paper presents an investigation of self‐focusing of a Cosh‐Gaussian (ChG) laser beam and its effect on second harmonic generation in collisionless plasma. In the presence of ChG laser beam the carriers get redistributed from high field region to low field region on account of ponderomotive force as a result of which a transverse density gradient is produced in the plasma which in turn generates an electron‐plasma wave at pump frequency. Generated plasma wave interacts with the incident laser beam and hence generates its second harmonics. Moment theory has been used to derive differential equation governing the evolution of spot size of ChG laser beam propagating through collisionless plasma. The differential equation so obtained has been solved numerically. The effect of decentered parameter, intensity of ChG laser beam and density of plasma on self‐focusing of the laser beam and second harmonic yield has been investigated. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of Critical Beam Radius on Self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian Laser Beams in Collisionless Magnetized Plasma

Effect of critical beam radius on self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma under ponderomotive nonlinearity forms the main core of present work. To investigate propagation dynamics of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma, well established parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations is employed. Our study is crucially pivoted on the concept of critical curve and subsequent determination of numerical interval for decentered parameter to sustain the competition between diffraction and self-focusing during the propagation of laser beam. Additionally, in the present study an interesting feature in the self-focusing region of the critical curve has been attempted for different values of decentered parameter.     

Effect of Critical Beam Radius on Self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian Laser Beams in Collisionless Magnetized Plasma

Effect of critical beam radius on self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma under ponderomotive nonlinearity forms the main core of present work. To investigate propagation dynamics of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma, well established parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations is employed. Our study is crucially pivoted on the concept of critical curve and subsequent determination of numerical interval for decentered parameter to sustain the competition between diffraction and self-focusing during the propagation of laser beam. Additionally, in the present study an interesting feature in the self-focusing region of the critical curve has been attempted for different values of decentered parameter.     

Whistler Wave Emission from a Modulated Electron Beam in a Collisional Magnetoplasma in the Presence of a Density Duct

We study the radiation from a modulated electron beam injected along the axis of a cylindrical density duct in a magnetoplasma. An expression for the average power lost by the beam at the modulation frequency is obtained and analyzed. It is shown that in the case of Cerenkov resonance of the beam with a weakly damped whistler mode of an enhanced-density duct, a noticeable increase in this power is possible compared with the case where the beam is injected in a homogeneous background magnetoplasma. Based on the results of numerical calculations performed for conditions of the Earth's ionosphere, we give estimates of an increase in the power radiated from the beam in the whistler frequency range in the presence of a cylindrical duct with enhanced density. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 730–742, September 2005.     

Second Harmonic Generation of Self‐Focused Cosh‐Gaussian Laser Beam in Thermal Quantum Plasma by Excitation of an Electron Plasma Wave

This paper presents a scheme for second harmonic generation (SHG) of an intense Cosh‐Gaussian (ChG) laser beam in thermal quantum plasmas. Moment theory approach in W.K.B approximation has been adopted in deriving the differential equation governing the propagation characteristics of the laser beam with distance of propagation. The effect of relativistic increase in electron mass on propagation dynamics of laser beam has been incorporated. Due to relativistic nonlinearity in the dielectric properties of the plasma, the laser beam gets self‐focused and produces density gradients in the transverse direction. The generated density gradients excite electron plasma wave (EPW) at pump frequency that interacts with the incident laser beam to produce its second harmonics. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effects of laser parameters on selffocusing of the laser beam and hence on the conversion efficiency of its second harmonics. Simulation results predict that within a specific range of decentered parameter the ChG laser beams show smaller divergence as they propagate and, thus, lead to enhanced conversion efficiency of second harmonics. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Effect of the Gaussian Inhomogeneity of Laser Beam Intensity on the Interferometric Measurement Uncertainty

The accuracy of an interference experiment is known to depend on the interference imaging conditions. The effect of the Gaussian inhomogeneity of laser beam intensity on the wave-front reconstruction uncertainty is investigated. The effective size of the illuminating laser beam is shown to influence the measurement uncertainty. The effect is more pronounced in evaluation of the interferograms with a small number of fringes. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 51–55, May, 2005.     

Relativistic Self-Focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisionless Plasma with Exponential Density Transition

This work reveals an exploration of self-focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam in a collisionless plasma under relativistic nonlinearity. Self-focusing along with self-trapping of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam are analyzed for different values of laser intensity, plasma density, and decentered parameters. Mathematical analysis displays that these parameters play a major role in achieving the stronger and earlier self-focusing. Further, a comparative study between self-focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam with and without exponential density ramp profile is introduced. Plasma density transition with exponential profile is found to be more effective in order to have stronger self-focusing. The present analysis may lead to very useful applications in the field of efficient harmonic generation, laser driven fusion etc.     

Nonlinear Effects of a Gaussian Laser Beam on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation in Laser Produced Plasma

The generation of megagauss magnetic field due to the time dependent part of the ponderomotive force of a self-focused Gaussian laser beam indicent on a plasma has been studied. Defocusing of the laser beam becomes possible due to diffraction divergence in the case of a weakly nonlinear medium. The influence of defocusing of a laser beam on magnetic field generation has also been investigated. It is found that the magnitude of the magnetic field due to self focusing of the beam is enhanced and is comparable with the observed values, while there is a reduction in the magnitude of the magnetic field when the beam defocuses due to diffraction divergence in the presence of weak nonlinearity.     

Wave Instabilities of a Collisionless Plasma in Fluid Approximation

Wave properties and instabilities in a magnetized, anisotropic, collisionless, rarefied hot plasma in fluid approx‐imation are studied, using the 16‐moments set of the transport equations obtained from the Vlasov equations. These equations differ from the CGL‐MHD fluid model (single fluid equations by Chew, Goldberger, and Low [5,9]) by including two anisotropic heat flux evolution equations, where the fluxes invalidate the double polytropic CGL laws. We derived the general dispersion relation for linear compressible wave modes. Besides the classic incompressible fire hose modes there appear four types of compressible wave modes: two fast and slow mirror modes – strongly modified compared to the CGL model – and two thermal modes. In the presence of initial heat fluxes along the magnetic field the wave properties become different for the waves running forward and backward with respect to the magnetic field. The well known discrepancies between the results of the CGL‐MHD fluid model and the kinetic theory are now removed: i) The mirror slow mode instability criterion is now the same as that in the kinetic theory. ii) Similarly, in kinetic studies there appear two kinds of fire hose instabilities ‐ incompressible and compressible ones. These two instabilities can arise for the same plasma parameters, and the instability of the new compressible oblique fire hose modes can become dominant. The compressible fire hose instability is the result of the resonance coupling of three retrograde modes ‐ two thermal modes and a fast mirror mode. The results can be applied to the theory of solar and stellar coronal and wind models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering of a Circularly Polarized Gaussian EM-Beam in a Magnetoplasma

In the present paper we have studied the nonlinear interaction of a Gaussian EM-beam with the electron and ion waves in a collisionless magnetoplasma, and the resulting stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering. The EM-beam is assumed to be propagating along the static magnetic field as a right/left handed circularly polarized mode. The spatial amplification factors and the temporal growth rates are found to be significantly modified in contrast to a uniform pump.     

Modulational Instability of Ion-Acoustic Waves in a Warm Plasma with a Relativistic Electron Beam

The modulational instability of ion-acoustic wave in a collisionless, unmagnetized plasma consisting ofwarm ions, hot isothermal electrons, and relativistic electron beam is studied. A modified nonlinear Schrodinger equationincluding one additional term that comes from the effect of relativistic electron beam is derived. It is found that theinclusion of a relativistic electron beam would modify the modulational instability of the wave packet and could notadmit any stationary soliton waves.     

Excitation of Nonsymmetric Waves by Given Sources in a Magnetoplasma in the Presence of a Cylindrical Plasma Channel

We consider the problem of excitation of electromagnetic field by spatially bounded, arbitrary given sources in a magnetoplasma in the presence of a cylindrical plasma channel aligned with an external magnetic field. We obtain a rigorous solution for the total field comprising both the discrete and continuous parts of the spatial spectrum of excited waves. Expressions for the radiation pattern and total radiation power of given sources are analyzed. For the whistler range, we calculate the radiation power of a ring electric current located in a channel with enhanced plasma density. It is shown that in this range, the presence of such a channel can lead to a significant increase in the radiation power of ring currents as compared with the case where the considered sources are immersed in a uniform background magnetoplasma, regardless of their orientation.     

理论模拟有核细胞对高斯光束偏振散射特性的影响

利用双层球形粒子模拟了有核细胞;根据广义米理论(GLMT),对入射激光束(高斯光束)利用矢量球谐函数进行展开;利用分离变量法研究了有核细胞对高斯光束的散射特性的影响.数值计算了高斯光束正入射时,斯托克斯散射矩阵中各元素的角分布,并与平面波入射情况进行了比较.     

Beam Delivery of the Vanderbilt Free Electron Laser with Hollow Wave Guides: Effect on Temporal and Spatial Pulse Propagation

Hollow Wave Guides were evaluated as a beam delivery system for the Free Electron Laser (FEL) at Vanderbilt in preparation of surgical applications. They can transmit the mid-infrared wavelength range (2µm - 9µm) and tolerate the high peak intensity (>10¹⁴ W/m²) in the micropulse of the FEL. Changes in the temporal and spatial beam characteristics induced by the transmission through 1.5 meter Hollow Wave Guides with bore radii of 250 µm and 530 µm were investigated. Temporal broadening of the micro pulses was studied using intensity autocorrelation measurements and beam profile measurements were performed with a pyroelectric camera. Results demonstrate significant pulse broadening and development of higher order modes induced by sub-optimal coupling of the beam into the Hollow Wave Guide. Bending of the Hollow Wave Guide induced additional losses and reduced propagation of higher modes responsible for broadening the pulse. Calculations with a geometrical ray model support the findings on pulse broadening. Optimal coupling conditions are extremely critical for maximal transmission performance of the Hollow Wave Guide. Design consequences for a FEL delivery system are discussed.     

Beam Delivery of the Vanderbilt Free Electron Laser with Hollow Wave Guides: Effect on Temporal and Spatial Pulse Propagation

Hollow Wave Guides were evaluated as a beam delivery system for the Free Electron Laser (FEL) at Vanderbilt in preparation of surgical applications. They can transmit the mid-infrared wavelength range (2µm - 9µm) and tolerate the high peak intensity (>10¹⁴ W/m²) in the micropulse of the FEL. Changes in the temporal and spatial beam characteristics induced by the transmission through 1.5 meter Hollow Wave Guides with bore radii of 250 µm and 530 µm were investigated. Temporal broadening of the micro pulses was studied using intensity autocorrelation measurements and beam profile measurements were performed with a pyroelectric camera. Results demonstrate significant pulse broadening and development of higher order modes induced by sub-optimal coupling of the beam into the Hollow Wave Guide. Bending of the Hollow Wave Guide induced additional losses and reduced propagation of higher modes responsible for broadening the pulse. Calculations with a geometrical ray model support the findings on pulse broadening. Optimal coupling conditions are extremely critical for maximal transmission performance of the Hollow Wave Guide. Design consequences for a FEL delivery system are discussed.     

光折变两波耦合对光扇开效应的抑制作用

以多个两波耦合（ＴＷＭ）相位栅模型建立了考虑光扇开效应后的动态两波耦合方程，通过数值求解揭示了在大信号两波耦合对光扇开效应的抑制作用和在小信号下光束扇开损耗对两波耦合影响的规律，并进行了相应的实验研究。