Temporal Response of SERS to the Potential for 4-Cyanopyridine Adsorbed on Ag Electrode

Time-resolved surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied to study the response of Raman bands from 4-cyanopyridine (PyCN) adsorbed on a Ag electrode to variation of the potential; the temporal resolution was 0.1 s. The response of the SERS signals of PyCN was instantaneous to the oxidation potential of Ag electrode. However, delay of the SERS signals was observed while AgCl was reducing. The decay and growth of the SERS bands look place within 1 s in the cases of desorption and adsorption of PyCN on the electrode. It took much longer for PyCN to alter from one adsorption geometry to another on the electrode.     

苯在铑电极上吸附的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究

利用成熟的电极处理方法成功地获得了苯在粗糙铑电极上电化学吸附的拉曼谱图.详细探讨了电极电位、电解质等因素对苯的电化学吸附的影响.结果表明,苯分子吸附到粗糙铑电极上后,表面拉曼谱图与纯苯本体谱图的差别很大,说明吸附后的苯分子在几何及电子结构上发生了巨大变化.苯分子可能以1,3-环己二烯的结构吸附于铑电极表面.     

硫脲及其衍生物的SERS和量子化学研究

Adsorption of thiourea (TU) and ethylthiourea(ETU) on roughened silver electrode was investigated using in- situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS). Using quantum chemistry and HSAB theories, the influences of electrode potential and the different substituent groups on SERS were discussed. TU is chemisorbed perpendicularly by Ag-S bond on silver at E=-0.3 V and adsorption of TU turns into a parallel orientation at E=-0.9 V. ETU is always chemisorbed at an angle from Ag. The adsorption of ETU is through C=C and C=O groups at E=-0.3 V, and mainly through C=C at E=-0.9V.     

花状银微纳米结构的合成及SERS性质

通过简便的水溶液方法制备出一种新颖的由纳米片组成的花状银微纳米结构, 采用XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM和SAED等手段进行了表征. 考察了反应体系pH值对产物形貌的影响, 并对花状银微纳米结构的形成机理进行了初步探讨. 所制得的微纳米结构由许多纵横交错的纳米片组成. 实验结果表明, 制备的银微纳米结构作为表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS)的基底具有很强的活性.     

Adsorption mechanisms of sulfathiazole on gold,silver and copper surfaces studied by SERS

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of sulfathiazole was studied in gold, silver and copper colloids as well as on a gold plate. SERS spectra of sulfathiazole in gold and silver colloids indicated chemisorption of molecules on the metal nanoparticles through the amide nitrogen, with the phenyl moiety orthogonally placed and the thiazole ring almost parallel positioned towards the metal surface. Although selectively enhanced phenyl bands pointed to a very similar position of the sulfathiazole molecules on the copper colloid, a chemical bonding was not implied. Unlike adsorption mechanisms and position of the molecules on the colloid metal surfaces, a sideway adsorption of sulfathiazole on the gold plate was proposed. Hereby, both, the amide nitrogen and the thiazole nitrogen were considered responsible for approaching of sulfathiazole to the gold enhancing surface.     

Electrodeposition of white gold alloys: an electrochemical,spectroelectrochemical and structural study of the electrodeposition of Au-Sn alloys in the presence of 4-cyanopyridine

A bath for the electrodeposition of Au-Sn alloys is proposed and the properties of the deposit obtained have been studied, in view of applications in the field of white precious metal plating and electroforming. 4-Cyanopyridine has been employed as an organic additive to confer stability to the bath and compactness to the deposit. The electrochemical behaviour of the bath has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, stripping potentiodynamic scans, open circuit potential decay measurements and potentiostatic transients. The nucleation behaviour of the system has been studied on glassy carbon electrodes. The electrodic behaviour of 4-cyanopyridine was investigated as a function of electrode potential by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The composition of the alloys was evaluated by electron dispersive spectroscopy, the crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the additive on the crystalline structure and on the morphology of the electrodeposits have been highlighted. Potential-dependent adsorption, reorientation and cathodic reactivity of 4-cyanopyridine during the alloy electrodeposition process have been assessed.Presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Processing of Tailored Materials held at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, 15–20 September 2002, Düsseldorf, Germany     

Adsorption of 4-aminopyridine on Co and Ag electrodes probed by SERS

The adsorption of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on Co and Ag electrodes in acid or alkaline solutions of KCl and KI electrolyte salts were monitored by the Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) technique. The SERS intensity for the Ag electrode was in 2 orders of magnitude higher than for the Co electrode, due to the enhancement of the Raman cross-section on Ag by the surface-plasmon excitation. In acidic chloride medium (pH 4), the SERS results for Ag electrodes indicate that the protonated form of 4-AP (4-APH⁺) adsorbs in the potential range of −0.1 to −0.6 V (Ag|AgCl|KCl sat) through hydrogen-bonding between 4-APH⁺ and Cl⁻ adsorbed on the electrode surface; at more negative potentials the neutral form 4-AP is the predominant adsorbed species. For Co electrode in the same medium, only bands due to neutral 4-AP were observed in the spectra at −0.8 and −0.9 V. For more negative potentials bands assigned to both 4-AP and 4-AP surface complex are observed, with the lasts being enhanced, as the potentials are turned more negative. In alkaline chloride medium (pH 13), for less negative potentials the bands assigned to free 4-AP were observed in the spectra of both Ag and Co surfaces. For more negative potentials, only bands assigned to the 4-AP surface complex were observed. For 0.1 mol L⁻¹ KI acidic or alkaline solutions, bands assigned to 4-AP and 4-APH⁺ were observed in a wider potential range than in chloride solutions. An adsorption scheme of 4-AP on Ag and Co is proposed for acidic and alkaline solutions.     

Theoretical Investigation on SERS of Pyridine Adsorbed on Cn Clusters Induced by Charge Transfer: A Hint that SERS Could be Applied on Many Materials

The SERS spectra of pyridine–C_n (n=1–6) complexes are investigated theoretically. The obtained enhancement factors of about 10²–10³ in the pre‐resonance Raman spectrum calculations are attributed to charge‐transfer transitions from the carbon clusters to pyridine, where a good match of band structures between substrates and probe molecules is essential.     

Facile Synthesis of C3N4/Ag Composite Nanosheets as SERS Substrate for Monitoring the Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

The C₃N₄/Ag composite nanosheets were facilely prepared via an in situ reduction processand Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of C₃N₄ nanosheets. The unique two-dimensional structure and strong interactions between C₃N₄ nanosheetsand Ag nanoparticles contributed the good surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) property due to the electromagnetic field enhancement. In addition, the as-prepared C₃N₄/Ag composite nanosheets could be used as catalysts or photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue(MB) in the presence of NaBH₄ or under visible light. Therefore, a facile SERS monitoring of the catalytic and photocatalytic degradation process of MB and the determination of the reaction kinetics were developed.     

4-氰基吡啶的合成

以4-甲基吡啶为原料,在固定床反应器中通过含氧化钒的催化剂发生气固相接触氨氧化反应制备雷米封中间体4-氰基吡啶,4-甲基吡啶的转化率为99％,4-氰基吡啶的选择性为88％,收率为87．12％。     

3D SERS Imaging Using Chemically Synthesized Highly Symmetric Nanoporous Silver Microparticles

3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging with highly symmetric 3D silver microparticles as a SERS substrate was developed. Although the synthesis method is purely chemical and does not involve lithography, the synthesized nanoporous silver microparticles possess a regular hexapod shape and octahedral symmetry. By using p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) as a probe molecule, the 3D enhancement patterns of the particles were shown to be very regular and predictable, resembling the particle shape and exhibiting symmetry. An application to the detection of 3D inhomogeneity in a polymer blend, which relies on the predictable enhancement pattern of the substrate, is presented. 3D SERS imaging using the substrate also provides an improvement in spatial resolution along the Z axis, which is a challenge for Raman measurement in polymers, especially layered polymeric systems.     

Adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of imidazole on cobalt electrodes studied by SERS and electrochemical methods

As one of the most widely used transition-metals, Co plays an important role in the study of metal mate-rials. The alloys of Co are often used as magnetic ma-terials because of their intense magnetism[1,2]. As an active metal and owing to high catalytic a…     

电化学粗糙银电极表面上共吸附体系的SERS研究

自1974年发现表面增强喇曼散射(SERS)光谱以来,人们不但对其进行实验和理论上的探讨,还开展了应用方面的研究,如用于痕量分析、催化和腐蚀等,并已开始用于研究物质的吸附状态以及多物种共存体系。本文通过对吡啶、苯甲酸共存体系的SERS谱及其随外加电位变化的实验研究,运用镜像场等理论探讨了在电化学粗糙银电极表面上吡啶和苯甲酸共存体系中的吸附状态。     

In situ SERS spectroscopy of Ag-modified pyrolytic graphite in organic electrolytes

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied to study the lithium intercalation/deintercalation process at the interface of a pyrolytic graphite electrode with propylene and ethylene carbonate containing organic solutions. We have focused on the lattice vibration of the most outer graphite surface layer simultaneously with cyclic voltammetric measurements. In situ Raman spectroscopy performed in this way allowed us to determine the La value that describes the size of graphitic microcrystallites along the a-axis. It was found that the La value decreases when the electrode is polarized to potentials between 0.02 and 1.0 V. This phenomenon can be correlated with the intercalation of lithium ions into the graphene structure. According to the spectral change, the size of the graphitic microcrystallites shows reversible behavior with potential cycling at the surface of the electrode. Electronic Publication     

SERS study of the interaction of thiourea with a copper electrode in sulphuric acid solution

The electrochemical interaction of thiourea with a copper electrode in sulphuric acid solution was investigated using Fourier transform Raman and in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS spectra of thiourea at a copper electrode were obtained in solutions containing greater than 5 ppm thiourea; the spectra obtained were consistent with adsorption of the molecule on the copper electrode via the sulphur atom. The SERS spectra provide evidence of complex formation involving thiourea and sulphate species at the electrode surface.     

多晶铂电极表面硫吸附物种的原位表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本工作首次报道了在酸性或碱性电解质中高粗糙度多晶铂电极表面硫物种的吸附、电氧化过程的原位表面增强拉曼光谱研究.分别在两种情况下采集了粗糙铂电极的表面增强拉曼光谱:(a)循环伏安处理后控制一定电位(0.2V)下;(b)逐步控制不同电位.酸性电解质条件下,两种情况均观察到位于300cm-1的Pt—S振动.Pt—S键较强,阻止了氢在铂电极表面的吸附,需多次循环伏安处理才能完全将表面吸附的硫去除.同时还观察到位于470cm-1处的少量多聚S物种(S8或者其他类型).这些多聚S物种仅仅微弱地键合在铂电极的表面,可以容易地除去.在碱性电解质中,同样也在(a)和(b)情况下观察到位于310cm-1的Pt—S振动吸收.本工作了获得了有关硫在粗糙多晶铂电极表面吸附和电氧化重要信息,证明了原位表面增强拉曼光谱在研究铂表面的适用性.     

Optical fibre SERS sensors

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has established itself as an important analytical technique. However, efforts to transfer the technology from the laboratory to the production line, clinic or field have been frustrated by the lack of robust affordable substrates and the complexity of interfacing between sample and spectrometer. Prompted by the success of optical fibre systems for implementing normal Raman scattering spectroscopy in remote locations and biomedical applications, attention has now shifted to the development of SERS-active optical fibres. Other workers have attempted to develop SERS probes with extended interaction lengths and both far-field and near-field SERS imaging techniques for high-resolution chemical mapping of surfaces. This review discusses the development of these technologies and presents the current state of the art. Although recent developments show great promise, some outstanding challenges and opportunities remain to be addressed.     

密度泛函理论研究银上吸附对巯基吡啶的SERS化学增强效应

基于密度泛函理论计算和拉曼光谱理论分析,我们研究了对巯基吡啶(4MPY)分子的拉曼光谱和其在银上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),并进一步探讨了SERS与界面吸附结构、异构化、质子化和氢键作用以及低能激发态的关系。首先,我们对两种分子异构体的相对稳定性和拉曼光谱进行了理论分析。在此基础上,进而研究了该分子与不同银簇作用时的拉曼光谱,结果表明,4MPY以巯基硫与银簇作用形成强的Ag―S键,导致拉曼光谱的线型不依赖于所选银簇的大小。接着我们考虑了吡啶氮端作用的两种情况。(1)当4MPY-银簇复合物同时以吡啶氮与水簇或水合质子簇形成氢键时,结果表明吡啶环的部分振动频率随氢键和质子化发生蓝移。(2)当考虑吡啶氮与银簇作用时,吡啶环三角畸变振动发生蓝移。上述情况不仅解释了实验观测的振动频率变化,而且表明了化学环境改变对相对拉曼强度的影响。最后,我们计算了当对巯基吡啶分子以单端或双端与银簇作用,在考虑激发光与低能激发态的能量匹配时,拉曼光谱强度与低能激发态的关系。计算结果表明,在双端吸附构型下,与吡啶氮成键的银簇受激发产生电荷转移态,不仅导致吡啶环v_(12)、v_1和v_(8a)振动的拉曼信号增强,而且选择性地增强吡啶环C―H面内对称弯曲振动v9a的拉曼信号。     

电化学SPR协同催化对氯苯硫酚界面反应的SERS研究

表面等离激元共振(SPR)驱动的催化反应近年来广受关注, 研究集中在SPR等外场作用下发生单一的界面催化反应生成新的物质, 这对于表面反应设计和实现多步骤界面有机合成反应仍存在一定困难. 本工作以对氯苯硫酚(4-CBT)为探针, 利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的极高表面灵敏度并结合金粒子单层膜(Au MLF)的玻碳电极(Au MLF@GC电极)作为基底在均匀性方面的优势, 实现了电化学和SPR协同作用下界面催化反应及其过程的精准监测. 结果表明, 较负电位区间内, 在光电协同催化作用下, 4-CBT先发生脱氯反应生成苯硫酚(TP), 然后4-CBT脱氯与偶联同时发生生成联苯-4,4'-二硫醇(4,4'-BPDT). 提高激光功率可显著加快反应速率, 且在中性溶液中反应速率最快. 溴代苯硫酚以及邻位或间位二氯取代苯硫酚均可发生类似的脱卤素取代基和偶联反应, 但邻位二氯取代物因空间位阻而导致偶联效率降低.     

Ag/SBA-15表面催化过程的现场SERS研究

以三嵌段共聚物P₁₂₃为模板剂, 正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 水热合成了介孔分子筛SBA-15, 通过对SBA-15内外表面修饰, 使用银氨溶液和硝酸银溶液作为金属源合成Ag/SBA-15, 透射电镜(TEM)研究表明在SBA-15孔道内较好地分散了颗粒状和棒状的Ag纳米粒子. 以苯硫酚作为探针分子, 研究了负载Ag纳米粒子的SBA-15的SERS效应, 结果表明Ag/SBA-15具有良好的SERS活性. 另外, 该材料对催化硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚具有良好的催化效果, 通过结合现场SERS技术, 研究了该催化过程的机理.