Separation of Six Pyridoncarboylxic Acid Derivatives by Micellar and Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) are two kinds of electrokinetic capillary chromatography (EKC), which are characterized of high solubilization capacity and separation efficiency. In our previous work, some polar organic compounds and hydrophobic neutral compounds were separated successfully by EKC1-3. In this paper, these methods were used for separating six pyridoncarboylxic acid derivatives with similar structures. T…     

Bile Acid Derivatives in the Preparation of New Synthetic Polymers

Bile acids are compounds stored in the gallbladder and help in the digestion of fats and lipids in the gastro-intestinal tract. These amphiphilic compounds can interact favorably with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. To improve the biocompatibility of the polymers used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, we have synthesized various derivatives of bile acids and used them in the preparation of new polymeric materials, including both polyaddition and polycondensation products. The use of the bile acid derivatives should improve the biocompatibility of the polymers, especially when they are used in the gastrointestinal tract. Even in case of decomposition, these derivatives are not expected to cause serious problems of toxicity. We have used bile acids in the preparation of both stable polymers (hydrogels) and degradable ones (polyanhydrides).     

氨基酸衍生物手性分离分子印迹聚合物

本文从识别机理,制备方法及其应用等方面简要介绍了近年来用于氨基酸衍生物手性分离的分子印迹聚合物的一些研究进展.     

Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives Possessing Anticancer Activity: Current Status

Pyrazole is a versatile lead compound to design potent bioactive molecules for drug discovery and development, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the most recent deeds in the field of synthetic route made for functionalized pyrazole derivatives active against cell proliferation disease. The review article covers the synthesis of 1H-pyrazole, synthesis of N-substituted pyrazoles, synthesis of pyrazolopyrazoles, and synthesis of pyrazoles fused with a naturally occurring moiety. Some of these reported compounds have passed the preclinical or initial-phase clinical trials for their anticancer activity.     

聚合物在胶束电动色谱中的应用

本文回顾了自1992 年聚合物第一次被用作胶束电动色谱准固定相以来聚合胶束、聚合物表面活性剂和枝状高分子在这方面的研究进展, 并与常用表面活性剂的性能进行了对比。     

Cascade Processes with Micellar Reaction Media: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Reducing the use of solvents is an important aim of green chemistry. Using micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic molecules dispersed in water (considered a green solvent) has facilitated reactions of organic compounds. When performing reactions in micelles, the hydrophobic effect can considerably accelerate apparent reaction rates, as well as enhance selectivity. Here, we review micellar reaction media and their potential role in sustainable chemical production. The focus of this review is applications of engineered amphiphilic systems for reactions (surface-active ionic liquids, designer surfactants, and block copolymers) as reaction media. Micelles are a versatile platform for performing a large array of organic chemistries using water as the bulk solvent. Building on this foundation, synthetic sequences combining several reaction steps in one pot have been developed. Telescoping multiple reactions can reduce solvent waste by limiting the volume of solvents, as well as eliminating purification processes. Thus, in particular, we review recent advances in “one-pot” multistep reactions achieved using micellar reaction media with potential applications in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. Photocatalyzed reactions in micellar reaction media are also discussed. In addition to the use of micelles, we emphasize the process (steps to isolate the product and reuse the catalyst).     

Syntheses and Structures of Two Coordination Polymers Containing Macrocyclic Oxamide and Isophthalic Acid Derivatives

Two novel coordination polymers [Cd(NiL)(aipt)](1) and [Mn(nipt)(NiL)₂]稨₂O(2)(NiL, H₂L=2,3-dioxo- 5,6,14,15-dibenzo-1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclo-pentadeca-7,13-dien, H₂aipt=5-aminoisophthalic acid, H₂nipt=5-nitroisoph- thalic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 consist of different 1D chains including both oxamide and 5-aminoisophthalate or 5-nitroisophthalic bridge. And all these chains were further interlinked via hydrogen bonds, resulting in a 2D architecture in compounds 1 and 2.     

Functionalization of Graphene Derivatives with Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Uric Acid Detection

In this article, we review recent progress concerning the development of sensorial platforms based on graphene derivatives and conducting polymers (CPs), alternatively deposited or co-deposited on the working electrode (usually a glassy carbon electrode; GCE) using a simple potentiostatic method (often cyclic voltammetry; CV), possibly followed by the deposition of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the electrode surface (ES). These materials have been successfully used to detect an extended range of biomolecules of clinical interest, such as uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), adenine, guanine, and others. The most common method is electrochemical synthesis. In the composites, which are often combined with metallic NPs, the interaction between the graphene derivatives—including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), or graphene quantum dots (GQDs)—and the CPs is usually governed by non-covalent functionalization through π–π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals (VW) forces. The functionalization of GO, RGO, or GQDs with CPs has been shown to speed up electron transfer during the oxidation process, thus improving the electrochemical response of the resulting sensor. The oxidation mechanism behind the electrochemical response of the sensor seems to involve a partial charge transfer (CT) from the analytes to graphene derivatives, due to the overlapping of π orbitals.     

Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives Possessing Benzisoselenazolone Scaffold

A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives possessing benzisoselenazolone scaffold were designed and synthesized, and their antitumor activities against human cervix adenocarcinoma（HeLa）, human liver cancer cell（SMMC-7721）, human breast cancer cell（MCF-7） and human lung cancer cell（A549） lines were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, The bioassay results demonstrate that most of the tested compounds showed potent antiproliferative effects against various cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 7c, 7e, 7h, 7i and 7k showed significant antiproliferative activities against SMMC-7721 cells, with IC5o values of 2.38, 2.67, 1.35, 2.75 and 2.48 μmol/L, respectively. Com- pounds 7a, 7e, 7j and 71 exhibited highly effective antitumor activities against MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values of 2.89, 2.95, 1.12 and 2.75 μmol/L, respectively. Compound 7j was found to be the most potent compound against A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 1.25 μmol/L. The pharmacological results suggest that the substituents of benzylthio-moiety at position 2 on 1,3,4-thiadiazole are vital for modulating antitumor activities against various cancer cell lines.     

苯胺类化合物的胶束电动毛细管色谱优化分离

研究了用胶束电动毛细管色谱分离对-氯苯胺、对-溴苯胺、2,4-二氯苯胺、对-碘苯胺;在选定的实验条件下,各化合物迁移时间的相对偏差(RSD)＜0.5%,峰面积RSD＜3.0%,苯胺化合物的检出限为(1.2～4.2)×10-6mol/L;方法用于实验室废水分析,结果令人满意.     

Separation of Aniline Derivatives by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) was developed for the determination of aniline and 6 substituted anilines. The seven components were separated within 25min in the buffer solution of 40mmol/L sodium borate and 100mmol/L SDS. It was found that the separation was dependent on operating voltage, pH value, borate and SDS concentrations.The analytical performance was examined in terms of linear response and reproducibility.Wastewater was determined by the established method.     

Switch-On Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Chemosensors for Cations Possessing Lewis Acid Character

For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C−NR₂ functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na⁺ and K⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T₂ state and the resulting intersystem crossing.     

Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Derivatives by a Platinum/Brønsted Acid Relay Catalytic Cascade Reaction

A new catalytic reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives is presented. The method implies the coupling of N‐Boc‐protected alkynamine derivatives and appropriate alkenes or alkynes in a process catalysed by a platinum/triflic acid catalytic binary system. This reaction is believed to proceed through a cascade process implying an initial platinum‐catalysed cycloisomerization of the alkynamine derivative followed by a triflic acid promoted nucleophilic addition of the alkene or alkyne and trapping of the cationic species formed by the Boc group. Not only simple alkenes and alkynes were used in this reaction but also allyltrimethylsilane and propargyltrimethylsilane. Particularly, when allyltrimethylsilane is used as the alkene counterpart interesting bicyclic compounds containing a trimethylsilane group are obtained. However, when propargyltrimethylsilane is used in the presence of water we observed the formation of a related bicyclic compound lacking the trimethylsilane group and containing an exocyclic carbon?carbon bond.     

Nucleic Acid Nanostructures and Topology

Knots, polyhedra, and Borromean rings with specific structural and topological features can be made from DNA. Biotechnologists have been exploiting the programmability of DNA intermolecular associations for a quarter of a century. These operations have now been applied successfully to branched DNA species to produce complex target structures (for example, the cube shown in the picture) and a nanomechanical device. The assembly of two-dimensional crystals with programmed topographic characteristics demonstrates the simplicity of translating design into surface structures.     

Coumarin-Annulated Ferrocenyl 1,3-Oxazine Derivatives Possessing In Vitro Antimalarial and Antitrypanosomal Potency

A tailored series of coumarin-based ferrocenyl 1,3-oxazine hybrid compounds was synthesized and investigated for potential antiparasitic activity, drawing inspiration from the established biological efficacy of the constituent chemical motifs. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by common spectroscopic techniques: NMR, HRMS and IR. Biological evaluation studies reveal that the compounds exhibit higher in vitro antiparasitic potency against the chemosensitive malarial strain (3D7 P. falciparum) over the investigated trypanosomiasis causal agent (T. b. brucei 427) with mostly single digit micromolar IC₅₀ values. When read in tandem with the biological performance of previously reported structurally similar non-coumarin, phenyl derivatives (i.e., ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazines and α-aminocresols), structure-activity relationship analyses suggest that the presence of the coumarin nucleus is tolerated for biological activity though this may lead to reduced efficacy. Preliminary mechanistic studies with the most promising compound (11b) support hemozoin inhibition and DNA interaction as likely mechanistic modalities by which this class of compounds may act to produce plasmocidal and antitrypanosomal effects.     

Study of Fuchsin Acid Fading in Micellar Media

The rate constant of alkaline fading of fuchsin acid (FA^2?) was measured in the presence of nonionic (TX‐100), cationic (dodecltrimethylammonium bromide, DTAB), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants. FA^2? has three negatively charged substituents and one positive charge, and this makes the behavior of FA^2– different from dyes such as bromophenol blue. It was observed that the reaction rate constant decreased in the presence of TX‐100, DTAB, and SDS. Binding constants of FA^2? to TX‐100, DTAB, and SDS and the related thermodynamic parameters were calculated by the stoichiometric (classical) model. The results show that the binding of FA^2? to SDS is endothermic in both regions, and the binding of FA^2? to DTAB and TX‐100 is exothermic in one region and endothermic in another region of the used concentration range of these surfactants. Also, the binding constants of FA^2? to surfactant molecules of SDS/TX‐100 and DTAB/TX‐100 mixed micelles were obtained.     

Two New Silver Coordination Polymers Constructed from 3,3-Azodibenzoic Acid and Different Pyridine Derivatives:Syntheses,Structures and Fluorescent Properties

Two coordination polymers(CPs),{[Ag(ADA)_(0.5)(DPE)]·H_2O}_n(1) and {[Ag(ADA)_(0.5)(Bipy)_(0.5)]·H_2O}_n(2),(H_2ADA = 3,3-azodibenzoic acid,DPE = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethylene,Bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine),have been synthesized via solvothermal reactions of Ag+ with ADA~(2-) and/or DPE,Bipy.CPs 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analyses,IR spectra,thermal behaviors,and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.CPs 1 and 2 feature Ag···Ag subunits.CP 1 shows a 3D construction,in which the Ag···Ag subunits extend through ADA~(2-) and DPE ligands using μ6-kO,O;kO;kO;kO,O;kO;kO and μ_2-kO;kO coordination modes,respectively.It crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P1,with a = 0.3808(18),b = 1.2476(6),c = 1.309(6) nm,α = 76.757(5),β = 84.649(5),γ = 86.809(5)o,V = 0.6024(5) nm~3,Z = 2,Mr = 351.11,C_(13)H_(11)AgN_2O_3,Dc = 1.936 g/cm3,F(000) = 348,S = 1.064,R = 0.0323 and w R = 0.0689.CP 2 exhibits a 3 D supramolecular structure,in which the Ag···Ag subunits are connected by ADA~(2-) and DPE ligands with μ_6-kO;kO;kO,O;kO;kO and μ_2-kO;kO coordination modes,respectively.Ultimately,through hydrogen bond and π???π interaction,the Ag···Ag subunits stabilize the 3D supramolecular structure of 2.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c,with a = 25.301(15),b = 13.197(8),c = 6.970(4) nm,β = 102.597(7)o,V = 2.271(2) nm~3,Z = 8,C_(12)H_(10)AgN_2O_(2.50),M_r = 330.09,D_c = 1.931 g/cm~3,F(000) = 1304,S = 1.082,R = 0.1107 and wR = 0.2984.The fluorescence properties of CPs 1 and 2 have been also investigated.     

Syntheses of Polymers and Oligomers Having Adenine Derivatives

Abstract

9-(2′,3′-Dihydroxyethyl)-8-bromoadenine was synthesized by the reaction of 9-(2′,3′-dihydroxyethyl)-adenine with bromine. The reaction of 9-(2′,3′-dihydroxyethyl)-8-bromoadenine with phosphorus oxychloride in trimethyl phosphate produced 9-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-8-bromoadenine-3′-phosphate. The condensation polymerization of 9-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyI)-8-bromoadenine-3′-phosphate was conducted in refluxing dimethylformamide-water (9:1) using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a dehydrating agent. The oligomer obtained is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of more than 1000 according to gel-filtration measurement. This oligomer showed hypochromicity of 3°, with denatured yeast RNA. The condensation polymerization of 9(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-8-bromoadenine-3′ -phosphate was also carried out using imidazole or a triethylamine-hydrochloric acid system.     

Chlorosulfenylated Carbonic Acid Derivatives

The present article deals first with the synthesis of chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride and its imino analogs. The chemical behavior of these bifunctional compounds is illustrated for selected examples. Special attention is given to the syntheses of five-membered heterocycles containing sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen.     

Coordination‐Driven Dimerization of Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing a Dialkylamino Group

Zinc chlorophyll derivatives Zn‐1 – 3 possessing a tertiary amino group at the C3¹ position have been synthesized through reductive amination of methyl pyropheophorbide‐d obtained from naturally occurring chlorophyll‐a . In a dilute CH₂Cl₂ solution as well as in a dilute 10 %(v/v) CH₂Cl₂/hexane solution, Zn‐1 possessing a dimethylamino group at the C3¹ position showed red‐shifted UV/Vis absorption and intensified exciton‐coupling circular dichroism (CD) spectra at room temperature owing to its dimer formation via coordination to the central zinc by the 3¹‐N atom of the dimethylamino group. However, Zn‐2/3 bearing 3¹‐ethylmethylamino/diethylamino groups did not. The difference was dependent on the steric factor of the substituents in the tertiary amino group, where an increase of the carbon numbers on the N atom reduced the intermolecular N⋅⋅⋅Zn coordination. UV/Vis, CD, and ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses including DOSY measurements revealed that Zn‐1 formed closed‐type dimers via an opened dimer by single‐to‐double axial coordination with an increase in concentration and a temperature decrease in CH₂Cl₂, while Zn‐2/3 gave open and flexible dimers in a concentrated CH₂Cl₂ solution at low temperature. The supramolecular closed dimer structures of Zn‐1 were estimated by molecular modelling calculations, which showed these structures were promising models for the chlorophyll dimer in a photosynthetic reaction center.