2D-NMR ConformationaL Studies of ChiraL Functionalized Ferrocenylphosphine Ligands for the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Aldol Reaction

The conformations in solution of six selected chiral 1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl ligands bearing functionalized side chains, the diastercoisomers 4 and 5 and 6 – 9 , have been elucidated by 2D-NMR methods (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, and ¹H,³¹P and ¹H,¹³C correlations). The possible relationship between the preferred conformation and the stereoselectivity observed in the gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric aldol condensation in the presence of these ligands is discussed.     

Construction of Chiral 2,3-Allenols through a Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Direct Alkynylogous Aldol Reaction

Chiral 2,3-allenols were constructed through copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric direct alkynylogous aldol reaction. With aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, the alkynylogous aldol reaction with (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS as the ligand proceeded smoothly to furnish the products in excellent regioselectivity with good to high diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. In the cases of aliphatic aldehydes, esters of but-2-yn-1-ol as the substrates and (R,R)-Ph-BPE as the ligand were found to be crucial to get good to high regio- and diastereoselectivity. The produced chiral 2,3-allenols are easily transformed into synthetically useful 2-furanones through cyclization. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied in the rapid synthesis of two chiral intermediates toward the synthesis of two pharmaceutically active compounds that have been proposed for the treatment of neurological disorders.     

Chiral Auxiliary Approach for Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclizations

Two different classes of stereoselective cyclizations have been developed using a chiral auxiliary approach with commercially available [JohnPhosAu(MeCN)SbF₆] as catalyst. First, a stereoselective cascade cyclization of 1,5-enynes was achieved using the Oppolzer camphorsultam as chiral auxiliary. In this case, a one-pot cyclization-hydrolysis sequence was developed to directly afford enantioenriched spirocyclic ketones. Then, the stereoselective alkoxycyclization of 1,6-enynes was mediated by an Evans-type oxazolidinone. A reduction-hydrolysis sequence was selected to remove the auxiliary to give enantioenriched β-tetralones. DFT studies confirmed that the steric clash between the chiral auxiliary and alkene accounts for the experimentally observed diastereoselective cyclization through the Si face.     

Axially Chiral Triazoloisoquinolin-3-ylidene Ligands in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intermolecular (4 + 2) Cycloadditions of Allenamides and Dienes

The first highly enantioselective intermolecular (4 + 2) cycloaddition between allenes and dienes is reported. The reaction provides good yields of optically active cyclohexenes featuring diverse substitution patterns and up to three stereocenters. Key to the success of the process is the use of newly designed axially chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-gold catalysts.     

金催化的吲哚与末端炔烃的分子间烷基化反应

尝试了用金(Au)催化吲哚和炔烃的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应, 具体探讨了金(I)配合物催化吲哚与末端炔烃的烷基化反应的条件, 并制备了一系列尚未见文献报道的双取代β-吲哚烷基化衍生物. 产物的结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 并对其反应机理可能性进行了推测.     

Synthesis of Dendrimer-supported Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Ligands and Their Applications in Aldol Reaction via Aqueous Media

Chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands have been applied in many enatioselective reactions. Recently, studies of the immobilization of bis(oxazoline) on both soluble and insoluble supports have been of great interest. Among the different methods to anchor the homogeneous catalysts, a soluble, polymer-supported catalyst usually achieves higher stereoselectivity and activity because the catalysis can be separated and recycled via simple methods such as solvent precipitation. Dendrimers are highly branche…     

Computational Study of Benzosultam Formation through Gold(I)-Catalyzed Ammoniumation/Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

The Au(I)-catalyzed reactions of (2-alkynyl)phenylsulfonyl azetidines bearing terminal and non-terminal alkynes in the presence of methanol as protic nucleophile to form benzosultams derivatives were studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our study highlights that gold(I) catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the nitrogen on the alkyne is favored over the direct ring opening of the azetidine by methanol, confirming the ammonium-based mechanism. In addition, the reverse regioselectivity observed experimentally where non-terminal alkynes favors the formation of 6-endo-dig-benzosultams while terminal alkynes favor 5-exo-dig products is also explored through two different scenarios. The first one embraces the classical activation of the alkyne by a single Au(I) species while the second one tackles the formation of a σ,π-digold acetylide complex. Calculations identify both pathways as competitive although only mono Au(I) complexes can lead to final products, in good agreement with experimental observation. Further details on the importance of the presence of an excess of the protic nucleophile on the protodemetallation step and the final aminal formation is also discussed.     

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Allenes with Arylamines

A mixture of (3)AuCl [3 = P(t-Bu)(2)o-biphenyl] and AgOTf catalyzes the intermolecular hydroamination of monosubstituted and 1,1- and 1,3-disubstituted allenes with primary and secondary arylamines.     

Sterically Congested Bisphosphite Ligands for the Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Hydrosilation of Ketones

Sterically congested bisphosphites were shown to be effective ligands for the Rh-catalyzed hydrosilation of ketones with diphenylsilane. The hydrosilation of 4-alkylcyclohexanones and ( m )-menthone led to a significant proportion of the less stable (axial) alcohol, which suggests that these reactions are under kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, control.     

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Allenes with Ureas

Enantioselective intramolecular hydroamination of N-allenyl ureas catalyzed by an enantiomerically enriched bis(gold) phosphine complex forms pyrrolidine derivatives in good yield with up to 93% ee.     

手性催化剂(4R)-苄氧基-(S)-脯氨酸的合成及其对不对称羟醛反应的催化活性

手性催化剂(4R)-苄氧基-(S)-脯氨酸的合成及其对不对称羟醛反应的催化活性;羟醛反应     

Synthesis of New Chiral Secondary 1,2-Diamines Based on Levopimaric Acid and Their Use as Ligands in Copper(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Henry Reaction

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - Methods have been developed for the synthesis of new chiral imino amines and unsymmetrically substituted trans-1,2-diamines based on fumaropimaric acid. The...     

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Arenediazonium Salts with Alkynoic Acids

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - The reaction of simple alkynoate salts with isolated arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts that had been pre-conditioned with the gold(I) catalyst AuCl(Me2S)...     

Assembly of Luminescent Chiral Gold(I)-Sulfido Clusters via Chiral Self-Sorting

Due to the ubiquity of chirality in nature, chiral self-assembly involving self-sorting behaviors has remained as one of the most important research topics of interests. Herein, starting from a racemic mixture of SEG-based (SEG=SEGPHOS) chlorogold(I) precursors, a unique chiral butterfly-shape hexadecanuclear gold(I) cluster (Au₁₆) with different ratios of R^SEG and S^SEG ligands is obtained via homoleptic and heterochiral self-sorting. More interestingly, by employing different chlorogold(I) precursors of opposite chirality (such as R ^SEG -Au₂ and S ^BIN -Au₂ (BIN=BINAP)), an unprecedented heteroleptic and heterochiral self-sorting strategy has been developed to give a series of heteroleptic chiral decanuclear gold(I) clusters (Au₁₀) with propellor-shape structures. Heterochiral and heteroleptic self-sorting have also been observed between enantiomers of homoleptic chiral Au₁₀ clusters to result in the heteroleptic chiral Au₁₀ clusters via cluster-to-cluster transformation. Incorporation of heteroleptic ligands is found to decrease the symmetry from S₄ of homoleptic meso Au₁₀ to C₂ of heteroleptic chiral Au₁₀ clusters. The chirality has been transferred from the axial chiral ligands and stored in the heteroleptic gold(I) clusters.     

Tetranuclear Gold(I) Clusters with Nitrogen Donor Ligands: Luminescence and X-Ray Structure of Gold(I) Naphthyl Amidinate Complex

The syntheses and characterization of gold(I) naphthyl, pentafluorophenyl, and trifluoromethylphenyl amidinate complexes are reported. The tetranuclear clusters are obtained from the reaction of Au(tetrahydrothiophene)Cl with the potassium salt of the corresponding amidinate in a THF solvent. The crystal structures of the gold(I) naphthyl, 2, and pentafluorophenyl, 3, amidinates show a short Au···Au distance of ~3. 0 Å typical of compounds having an aurophilic interaction. The gold atoms are arranged in a square (Au···Au···Au = 87°–92°) in the pentafluorophenyl derivative and in a parallelogram (Au···Au···Au = 68°–110°) in the naphthyl amidinate complexes. The naphthyl and trifluoromethylphenyl complexes are visibly luminescent in the solid state at liquid nitrogen temperature displaying asymmetric emission bands at 538 and 473 nm, respectively. The luminescent lifetimes of these species are in the millisecond range indicating phosphorescent processes.     

Gold(I)/Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination–Hydroarylation of Alkynes: The Effect of a Remote Hydroxyl Group on the Reactivity and Enantioselectivity

The catalytic enantioselective hydroamination–hydroarylation of alkynes under the catalysis of (R₃P)AuMe/(S)‐3,3′‐bis(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogenphosphate ((S)‐TRIP) is reported. The alkyne was reacted with a range of pyrrole‐based aromatic amines to give pyrrole‐embedded aza‐heterocyclic scaffolds bearing a quaternary carbon center. The presence of a hydroxyl group in the alkyne tether turned out to be very crucial for obtaining products in high yields and enantioselectivities. The mechanism of enantioinduction was established by carefully performing experimental and computational studies.     

Pentanuclear Gold(I) Cluster with an Axially Chiral Biaryl Center: Synthesis and Chiral Transformation

We synthesized and structurally characterized a novel pentanuclear gold(I) cluster by a Ag(I)‐mediated organometallic transformation. The racemic mixture of this pentanuclear gold cluster has been successfully transformed into an enantio‐rich hexanuclear cluster compound by adding adscititious chiral species [Au₂(S‐BINAP)₂]²⁺ (S‐BINAP = (S)‐2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1’‐binaphthyl). In this process, a [AuPPh₃]⁺ species in the pentanuclear cluster is replaced by [Au₂(S‐BINAP)₂]²⁺. This strategy represents a new method for the designed construction of chiral metal clusters.     

Rapid Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Bisphosphine Derivatives through Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Hydrophosphination

1,2-Bisphosphines have been identified as one class of important and powerful chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis with transition metals. Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of α,β-unsaturated phosphine sulfides was developed with the assistance of “soft–soft” interaction between copper(I)-catalyst and the phosphine sulfide moiety, which afforded 1,2-bisphosphine derivatives with diversified electronic nature and steric hindrance in high to excellent yields with high to excellent enantioselectivity. Moreover, the challenging catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphination/protonation reaction was achieved with excellent enantioselectivity. Strikingly, the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic diarylphosphines was also successfully carried out with high to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Interestingly, the nucleophilic copper(I)-diphenylphosphide species was characterized by ³¹P NMR spectrum and mass spectrum. At last, three products were transformed to chiral 1,2-bisphosphines, which were employed as ligands in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-amino-α,β-unsaturated ester. The α-amino acid derivative was produced in high enantioselectivity, which demonstrated the utility of the present methodology.     

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Bis-Cyclization of Allenynes for the Synthesis of Strained and Planar Polycyclic Compounds

A gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of naphthalene-tethered allenynes gave strained fused phenanthrene derivatives. The reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic reaction of an alkyne with the activated allene to generate a vinyl cation intermediate, followed by arylation with a tethered naphthalene ring to form the 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene (CPP) scaffold. When using aryl-substituted substrates on the alkyne terminus, the gold-catalyzed reaction produced dibenzofluorene derivatives along with the CPP derivatives. Selective formation of CPP and dibenzofluorene derivatives depending on the reaction conditions is also presented.