可压槽道湍流的直接数值模拟及标度律分析

采用基于非等距网格的紧致差分方法对Mach数为0.8,Reynolds数为3300的可压缩槽道湍流进行了直接数值模拟.建立了充分发展的可压缩槽道湍流数据库.该流场的统计特征（如等效平均速度分布,半局部尺度无量纲化的脉动均方根分布）与他人的数值计算结果吻合较好.在此DNS结果的基础上,作者对该流场进行了统计分析和机理研究.得到了可压缩槽道湍流场的高阶统计矩.同时分析了压缩性效应对近壁相干结构的影响机理,认为在可压壁湍流的近壁区,压力在压缩_膨胀上的做功部分吸收了脉动速度的动能,使得可压湍流的近壁速度条带结构更加平整.还对可压缩槽道湍流进行了标度律分析,指出可压槽道湍流中心线附近较宽的区域内存在标度律及扩展的自相似性.认为当Mach数不是很高时压缩性效应对标度指数影响不大.通过数值计算得到可压缩槽道湍流的标度指数.     

近壁湍流脉动的概率分布函数

采用大涡模拟方法,模拟槽道湍流,获得了不同雷诺数情形下的槽道流大涡模拟数据库．在此基础上,获得了流向和垂向脉动速度的概率分布函数,并运用假设检验,分析了其与正态分布的定量差别．进一步计算了流向和垂向脉动速度的偏斜度、平坦度,讨论了二者在粘性子层、过渡区和对数律区的变化．同时,讨论了粘性子层、过渡区和对数律区流向和垂向脉动速度概率分布函数的特点及其与湍流猝发的高速流下扫和低速流喷发事件的关系．最后,分析了雷诺数对流向、垂向脉动速度分布的影响．     

用子波变换研究壁湍流Lipschitz奇异性指数

本文用子波变换研究了描述壁湍流脉动速度局部奇异性行为的Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｔｚ奇异性指数，发现在湍流边界层中，猝发和扫掠发生时脉动速度信号的Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｔｚ局部奇异性指数为负值·     

用子波方法研究Rayleigh-Bénard对流温度信号的标度律

采用子波分析方法 ,对实验中测得的Rayleigh_B啨ｎａｒｄ对流温度信号 (被动标量 )的标度律 ,从以下两个方面进行了研究 :第一方面 ,直接采用扩展的结构函数 (ESS)的公式对温度信号进行了分析 ,研究结果表明 ,采用该方法后的标度区域明显比不采用扩展结构函数的标度区域要宽 ,得到的标度指数与其它实验中得到的温度信号标度指数 ξ(q)一致 ;第二个方面 ,将 A .Arneodo等人对湍流中速度信号提出的基于子波分析的扩展标度公式 ,推广应用于温度信号 ,给出了一个描述温度信号的、基于子波分析的扩展标度公式 ,研究结果表明 ,提出的建立在子波系数极大模求和基础上的扩展标度公式 ,也能够比较准确地提取温度信号的标度指数 ξ(q) ·     

壁湍流多尺度湍涡结构推广的自相似标度律

在水槽中测量了中等雷诺数下平板湍流边界层中的瞬时流向速度的时间序列,验证了Benzi提出的推广的自相似标度律,用子波变换将壁湍流脉动速度分解为多尺度湍涡结构的速度,研究了每一个尺度的湍涡速度结构函数的推广的自相似标度律。主要结论如下:湍流的统计性质是自相似的,这不仅适用于充分发展湍流,而且适用于中等雷诺数和低雷诺数湍流,而且具有相同的标度指数;推广的自相似标度律的适用的尺度范围远远大于惯性子区的范围,可以一直延伸至耗散区的尺度范围;推广的自相似标度律不仅适用于均匀各向同性湍流,也适用于剪切湍流如边界层湍流。     

用局部平均速度结构函数检测湍流边界层多尺度相干结构

测量风洞中平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的流向速度时间序列信号,提出了基于局部多尺度平均意义的湍流多尺度局部平均结构函数的概念,以描述湍流多尺度结构的伸缩变形和相对运动;基于多尺度局部平均结构函数的概念与Harr子波变换的一致性,提出了用湍流多尺度局部平均结构函数的平坦因子检测湍流边界层多尺度相干结构及其间歇性的检测方法,提取近壁区域不同法向位置处多尺度相干结构的条件相位平均波形,以研究多尺度相干结构猝发的动力学过程及其对湍流统计性质的影响．     

壁面加热湍流耗散率标度指数测量的实验研究

对中等雷诺数下壁面常温和壁面加热的平板湍流边界层中速度和温度粗粒化的耗散率结构函数标度指数进行了实验测量.用热线风速仪测量了风洞中壁面常温和加热的平板湍流边界层中不同法向位置的流向速度分量和温度的时间序列信号,研究了由于湍流边界层近壁区域相干结构的存在而导致的非各向同性、非均匀性对湍流耗散率结构函数标度指数的影响,研究发现,中等雷诺数下壁面加热的边界条件和剪切湍流的平均速度梯度对速度和温度耗散率结构函数的标度指数没有影响,均匀各向同性湍流的耗散率结构函数标度指数的层次结构模型对壁面加热平板湍流边界层的速度和温度耗散率结构函数的标度指数也是适用的.     

圆管纤维悬浮湍流场中粒子运动的研究

利用从细长体理论出发得到的三维分段积分法和湍流简化方法模拟了大量纤维粒子在圆管湍流内的运动．统计了不同Re数下计算区域内的纤维的取向分布,计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,结果表明湍流的脉动速度导致纤维取向趋于无序,且随着Re数的增加,纤维取向的分布越来越趋于均匀．其后又考虑了纤维速度和角速度的脉动,二者都充分体现了流体速度脉动的影响,且纤维速度的脉动在流向上的强度大于横向,而其角速度的脉动在流向上的强度小于横向．最后统计了纤维在管道截面上的位置分布,说明Re数的增加加速了纤维在管道截面上的位置扩散．     

纤维悬浮剪切湍流中纤维旋转扩散系数的理论研究

对纤维悬浮剪切湍流中纤维旋转扩散系数进行了理论研究．首先建立了流场不同脉动速度梯度间的相关矩函数,然后推导出了纤维旋转扩散系数的表达式,该表达式依赖于特征长度、时间、速度和一个与壁面作用相关的无量纲参数．得到的纤维旋转扩散系数可以应用于非均匀和非各向同性的湍流场,此外还可以推广到三维湍流场,因而为纤维悬浮湍流场的研究提供了理论基础．     

用子波谱分析壁湍流多尺度结构的能量传递

测量了壁湍流不同法向位置的流向速度.用子波变换研究湍流能谱,表明子波全局谱是Fourier谱按子波尺度加权平均的结果,高阶消失矩的子波变换能够表征湍谱的衰减特性;子波局部谱显示边界层内涡的变形、破碎等现象与边界层法向位置有关,含能涡结构呈多尺度分布,随着测点远离壁面,含能涡的尺度增大;在缓冲区出现更高频的小尺度含能涡,在外区能量集中在低频大尺度涡结构中,含能涡的频带变窄.     

DNS and scaling law analysis of compressible turbulent channel flow

Fully developed compressible turbulent channel flow (Ma = 0.8, Re = 3300) is numerically simulated, and the data base of turbulence is established. The statistics such as density-weighted mean velocity and RMS velocity fluctuations in semi-local coordinates agree well with those from other DNS data. High order statistics (skewness and flatness factors) of velocity fluctuations of compressible turbulence are reported for the first time. Compressibility effects are also discussed. Pressure-dilatation absorbs part of the kinetic energy and makes the streaks of compressible channel flow more smooth. The scaling laws of compressible channel flow are also discussed. The conclusions are: (a) Scaling law is found in the center area of the channel, (b) In this area, ESS is also found, (c) When Mach number is not very high, compressibility has little effect on scaling exponents.     

Effect of variable viscosity on the peristaltic transport of a Newtonian fluid in an asymmetric channel

The effect of variable viscosity on the peristaltic flow of a Newtonian fluid in an asymmetric channel has been discussed. Asymmetry in the flow is induced due to travelling waves of different phase and amplitude which propagate along the channel walls. A long wavelength approximation is used in the flow analysis. Closed form analytic solutions for velocity components and longitudinal pressure gradient are obtained. The study also shows that, in addition to the effect of mean flow parameter, the wave amplitude also effect the peristaltic flow. This effect is noticeable in the pressure rise and frictional forces per wavelength through numerical integration.     

Multifractal analysis of foreign exchange data

In this paper we perform multifractal analyses of five daily Foreign Exchange (FX) rates. These techniques are currently used in turbulence to characterize scaling and intermittency. We show the multifractal nature of FX returns, and estimate the three parameters in the universal multifactal framework, which characterize all small and medium intensity fluctuations, at all scales. For large fluctuations, we address the question of hyperbolic (fat) tails of the distributions which are characterized by a fourth parameter, the tail index. We studied both the prices fluctuations and the returns, finding no systematic difference in the scaling exponents in the two cases. We discuss and compare our results with several recent studies, and show how the additive models are not compatible with data: Brownian, fractional Brownian, Lévy, Truncated Lévy and fractional Lévy models. We analyse in this framework the ARCH(1), GARCH(1,1) and HARCH (7) models, and show that their structure functions scaling exponents are undistinguishable from that of Brownian motion, which means that these models do not adequately describe the scaling properties of the statistics of the data. Our results indicate that there might exist a multiplicative ‘flux of financial information’, which conditions small‐scale statistics to large‐scale values, as an analogy with the energy flux in turbulence. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temporal Taylor’s scaling of facial electromyography and electrodermal activity in the course of emotional stimulation

High frequency psychophysiological data create a challenge for quantitative modeling based on Big Data tools since they reflect the complexity of processes taking place in human body and its responses to external events. Here we present studies of fluctuations in facial electromyography (fEMG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) massive time series and changes of such signals in the course of emotional stimulation. Zygomaticus major (ZYG; “smiling” muscle) activity, corrugator supercilii (COR; “frowning” muscle) activity, and phasic skin conductance (PHSC; sweating) levels of 65 participants were recorded during experiments that involved exposure to emotional stimuli (i.e., IAPS images, reading and writing messages on an artificial online discussion board). Temporal Taylor’s fluctuations scaling were found when signals for various participants and during various types of emotional events were compared. Values of scaling exponents were close to one, suggesting an external origin of system dynamics and/or strong interactions between system’s basic elements (e.g., muscle fibres). Our statistical analysis shows that the scaling exponents enable identification of high valence and arousal levels in ZYG and COR signals.     

Multi-operator scaling random fields

In this paper, we define and study a new class of random fields called harmonizable multi-operator scaling stable random fields. These fields satisfy a local asymptotic operator scaling property which generalizes both the local asymptotic self-similarity property and the operator scaling property. Actually, they locally look like operator scaling random fields, whose order is allowed to vary along the sample paths. We also give an upper bound of their modulus of continuity. Their pointwise Hölder exponents may also vary with the position x and their anisotropic behavior is driven by a matrix which may also depend on x.     

Mixed convective heat and mass transfer in an asymmetric channel with peristalsis

This paper describes the fluid mechanics effects of mixed convective heat and mass transfer in an asymmetric channel with peristalsis. The flow is examined in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. The channel asymmetry is produced by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to have different amplitudes and phase. The momentum, energy and concentration equations have been linearized under long wavelength approximation. The analytical solutions for temperature, concentration, velocity and stream function are obtained. The effects of various parameters such as local temperature Grashof number, local mass Grashof number and geometrical parameters on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically.     

Fractal characterization of acupuncture-induced spike trains of rat WDR neurons

The experimental and the clinical studies have showed manual acupuncture (MA) could evoke multiple responses in various neural regions. Characterising the neuronal activities in these regions may provide more deep insights into acupuncture mechanisms. This paper used fractal analysis to investigate MA-induced spike trains of Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) neurons in rat spinal dorsal horn, an important relay station and integral component in processing acupuncture information. Allan factor and Fano factor were utilized to test whether the spike trains were fractal, and Allan factor were used to evaluate the scaling exponents and Hurst exponents. It was found that these two fractal exponents before and during MA were different significantly. During MA, the scaling exponents of WDR neurons were regulated in a small range, indicating a special fractal pattern. The neuronal activities were long-range correlated over multiple time scales. The scaling exponents during and after MA were similar, suggesting that the long-range correlations not only displayed during MA, but also extended to after withdrawing the needle. Our results showed that fractal analysis is a useful tool for measuring acupuncture effects. MA could modulate neuronal activities of which the fractal properties change as time proceeding. This evolution of fractal dynamics in course of MA experiments may explain at the level of neuron why the effect of MA observed in experiment and in clinic are complex, time-evolutionary, long-range even lasting for some time after stimulation.     

Transfer of a Passive Vector Admixture by a Two-Dimensional Turbulent Flow

We consider a model of a passive vector field transfer by a random two-dimensional transverse velocity field that is uncorrelated in time and has Gaussian spatial statistics given by a powerlike correlator. We use the renormalization group and the operator product expansion techniques to show that the asymptotic approximation of the structure functions of a vector field in the inertial range is determined by the energy dissipation fluctuations. The dependence of the asymptotic approximation on the external scale of turbulence is essential and has a powerlike form (the case of an anomalous scaling). The corresponding exponents are calculated in the one-loop approximation for structure functions of an arbitrary order.     

Stochastic growth of radial clusters: Weak convergence to the asymptotic profile and implications for morphogenesis

The asymptotic shape of randomly growing radial clusters is studied. We pose the problem in terms of the dynamics of stochastic partial differential equations. We concentrate on the properties of the realizations of the stochastic growth process and in particular on the interface fluctuations. Our goal is unveiling under which conditions the developing radial cluster asymptotically weakly converges to the concentrically propagating spherically symmetric profile or either to a symmetry breaking shape. We demonstrate that the long range correlations of the surface fluctuations obey a self-affine scaling and that scale invariance is achieved by means of the introduction of three critical exponents. These are able to characterize the large scale dynamics and to describe those regimes dominated by system size evolution. The connection of these results with mathematical morphogenetic problems is also outlined.