生物阴极微生物燃料电池不同阴极材料产电特性

以葡萄糖(COD初始浓度为2000 mg/L, COD为化学需氧量)为阳极燃料底物, 考察了碳纤维刷和柱状活性碳颗粒作为生物阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)阴极材料的产电性能. 研究结果表明, 碳纤维刷MFC的启动时间比碳颗粒MFC的长, 达到稳定状态后的恒负载(300 Ω)电压(0.324 V)比碳颗粒阴极MFC的(0.581 V)低. 极化分析结果表明, 碳纤维刷MFC和碳颗粒MFC的最大功率密度分别为24.7 W/m3(117.2 A/m3)和50.3 W/m3(167.2 A/m3). 电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测定结果表明, 由于电极材料对微生物生长和分布状态存在不同的影响, 使得碳纤维刷阴极MFC的极化内阻大于碳颗粒阴极MFC的极化内阻.     

不锈钢网阴极微生物燃料电池的产电性能研究

构建了一个以曝气池污泥为阳极接种微生物、碳毡为阳极、无任何修饰的不锈钢网为阴极的双室微生物燃料电池. 通过输出电压、功率密度以及电化学阻抗等考察了阴极面积对电池产电性能的影响,并对电池的长期运行稳定性进行评价. 研究结果表明,不锈钢网作为微生物燃料电池的阴极性能稳定. 当不锈钢网面积为2 × 2 cm²时,最大输出电压达到0.411 V,功率密度为0.303 W•m^-2,内阻841 Ω,极化内阻80 Ω. 增大阴极面积至2 × 4 cm²,最大输出电压能达到0.499 V,内阻减小至793 Ω. 不锈钢网价格便宜,具有长期运行稳定性,适宜做MFCs的阴极.     

Electrochemically Prepared Manganese Oxide as a Cathode Material for a Microbial Fuel Cell

This work describes the construction of a mediatorless microbial fuel cell (MFC) using the microorganism Acetobacter aceti as the biocatalyst in the anode compartment with glucose as a fuel. The periplasmic membrane bound pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) containing enzymes of these genera provide fast and highly efficient oxidation of a wide variety of substrates and helps in the direct routing of electrons to the anode. We describe our preliminary findings with regard to the use of electrochemically deposited manganese oxide films on carbon substrates as cathode materials in MFCs. Manganese oxide was electrochemically deposited on carbon paper in the presence and in the absence of the surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Electrochemical characterizations of the electrodeposited films are carried out by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Structural characterization of the film is carried out by XRD, XPS, and SEM. The XPS studies reveal that the presence of Mn⁴⁺ (as MnO₂) in the absence of SLS and Mn^3+/2+ (as Mn₃O₄or Mn₂O₃ or MnOOH) ion in the presence of SLS. The power output obtained from MnO₂ cathode was 666 ± 9 mW m^?3 and it is the highest value reported for MFCs with cubical configuration with the same cathode.     

Use of Pineapple Waste as Fuel in Microbial Fuel Cell for the Generation of Bioelectricity

The excessive use of fossil sources for the generation of electrical energy and the increase in different organic wastes have caused great damage to the environment; these problems have promoted new ways of generating electricity in an eco-friendly manner using organic waste. In this sense, this research uses single-chamber microbial fuel cells with zinc and copper as electrodes and pineapple waste as fuel (substrate). Current and voltage peaks of 4.95667 ± 0.54775 mA and 0.99 ± 0.03 V were generated on days 16 and 20, respectively, with the substrate operating at an acid pH of 5.21 ± 0.18 and an electrical conductivity of 145.16 ± 9.86 mS/cm at two degrees Brix. Thus, it was also found that the internal resistance of the cells was 865.845 ± 4.726 Ω, and a maximum power density of 513.99 ± 6.54 mW/m² was generated at a current density of 6.123 A/m², and the final FTIR spectrum showed a clear decrease in the initial transmittance peaks. Finally, from the biofilm formed on the anodic electrode, it was possible to molecularly identify the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus with 99.82% accuracy. In this way, this research provides a method that companies exporting and importing this fruit may use to generate electrical energy from its waste.     

Power Generation Capabilities of Microbial Fuel Cells with Different Oxygen Supplies in the Cathodic Chamber

Two microbial fuel cells (MFCs) inoculated with activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant were constructed. Oxygen was provided by mechanical aeration in the cathodic chamber of one MFC, whereas it was obtained by the photosynthesis of algae in the other. Electrogenic capabilities of both MFCs were compared under the same operational conditions. Results showed that the MFC with mechanical aeration in the cathodic chamber displayed higher power output than the one with photosynthesis of algae. Good linear relationship between power density and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate was obtained only on the MFC with mechanical aeration. Furthermore, the relationships between power density and effluent COD and between Coulombic efficiency and COD loading rate can only be expressed as binary quadratic equations for the MFC with mechanical aeration and not for the one with photosynthesis of algae.     

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Power Accumulation and Generation

The anodic and cathodic polarization dependences for the oxygen electrode based on lanthanum-strontium manganite and the fuel Ni-cermet electrode are studied in the temperature range of 700–900°С in gas media that correspond to working conditions of a reversible fuel cell. The temporal behavior of these electrodes is studied in the course of periodic polarity changes of current with the density of 0.5 A/cm². The electrode overvoltage is shown to be about 0.1 V in modes of power generation and water electrolysis at 900°С and the current density of 0.5 A/cm². A single electrolyte supported tubular solid-oxide fuel cell was fabricated and tested in the fuel-cell and hydrogen-generation modes. It is found that at 900°С and overvoltage of 0.7 V, the cell generates the specific electric power of 0.4 W/cm² when the 50% H2 + 50% H₂O gas mixture is used as the fuel and air is used as the oxidizer. At the water electrolysis with the current density of 0.5 A/cm², which under normal conditions corresponds to generation of about 0.2 and 0.1 L/h of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, the consumed power is about 0.55 W/cm². The efficiency of the conversion cycle electric power–hydrogen–electric power is 70–75%.     

生物膜电极在以苯酚为燃料的微生物燃料电池中的应用

以苯酚为燃料, 生物膜电极为负极, Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₅/PbO₂电极为正极, 构建了双室微生物燃料电池. 利用微电流驯化法和自然驯化法分别制备了生物膜电极, 研究了微生物的挂膜方法、 挂膜时间和负极基底材料种类对微生物燃料电池产电能力的影响. 结果表明, 微电流驯化法优于自然驯化法, 微电流驯化法制备的生物膜电极更利于电池的产电; 微生物的挂膜时间为8 d时, 电池的产电能力最高, 其最大输出功率密度达到39 mW/m²; 不同基底材料生物膜电极所组建的微生物燃料电池产电能力高低顺序为碳毡>石墨>钛网>泡沫钛.     

Construction and Operation of Microbial Fuel Cell with Chlorella vulgaris Biocathode for Electricity Generation

In this study, a modified microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a tubular photobioreactor (PHB) configuration as a cathode compartment was constructed by introducing Chlorella vulgaris to the cathode chamber used to generate oxygen in situ. Two types of cathode materials and light/dark cycles were used to test the effect on MFC with algae biocathode. Results showed that the use of algae is an effective approach because these organisms can act as efficient in situ oxygenators, thereby facilitating the cathodic reaction. Dissolved oxygen and voltage output displayed a clear light positive response and were drastically enhanced compared with the abiotic cathode. In particular, carbon paper-coated Pt used as a cathode electrode increased voltage output at a higher extent than carbon felt used as an electrode. The maximum power density of 24.4 mW/m² was obtained from the MFC with algae biocathode which utilized the carbon paper-coated Pt as the cathode electrode under intermittent illumination. This density was 2.8 times higher than that of the abiotic cathode. Continuous illumination shortened the algal lifetime. These results demonstrated that intermittent illumination and cathode material-coated catalyst are beneficial to a more efficient and prolonged operation of MFC with C. vulgaris biocathode.     

氧化铈作为阴极催化剂在直接硼氢化物燃料电池中的应用

研究以氧化铈(CeO2)作为直接硼氢化物燃料电池(DBFC)阴极催化剂的性能.结果表明:氧化铈对氧还原具有良好的催化效能,但对BH4-离子水解没有明显的促进作用,而且还能抑制它在正极的氧化.以氧化铈为阴极催化剂组装成的模拟单室燃料电池在常温下的最高功率密度为67.8mW·cm-2,运行稳定.     

Evaluation of Kefir as a New Anodic Biocatalyst Consortium for Microbial Fuel Cell

Kefir, a combined consortium of bacteria and yeast encapsulated by a polymeric matrix of exopolysaccharides, was used as anodic biocatalyst in a two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). Fermentation was followed during 72 h and polarization curves were obtained from linear sweep voltammetry. The effect of methylene blue as charge-transfer mediator in the kefir metabolism was evaluated. UV/Vis spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry were applied to evaluate the redox state of the mediator and to characterize the electrochemical activity, whereas current interruption was used for internal resistance determination. Aiming to establish a relationship between the microbial development inside the anodic chamber with the generated power in the MFC, total titratable acidity, pH, viscosity, carbohydrate assimilation, and microbial counting were assayed. The kefir-based MFC demonstrated a maximum power density of 54 mW m^?2 after 24 h fermentation, revealing the potential use of kefir as a biocatalyst for microbial fuel cells.     

A Hybrid Redox-Mediated Zinc-Air Fuel Cell for Scalable and Sustained Power Generation

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have attracted considerable attention for their high energy density, safety, low noise, and eco-friendliness. However, the capacity of mechanically rechargeable ZABs was limited by the cumbersome procedure for replacing the zinc anode, while electrically rechargeable ZABs suffer from issues including low depth of discharge, zinc dendrite and dead zinc formation, and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction, etc. To address these issues, we report a hybrid redox-mediated zinc-air fuel cell (HRM-ZAFC) utilizing 7,8-dihydroxyphenazine-2-sulfonic acid (DHPS) as the anolyte redox mediator, which shifts the zinc oxidation reaction from the electrode surface to a separate fuel tank. This approach decouples fuel feeding and electricity generation, providing greater operation flexibility and scalability for large-scale power generation applications. The DHPS-mediated ZAFC exhibited a superior peak power density of 0.51 W/cm² and a continuous discharge capacity of 48.82 Ah with ZnO as the discharge product in the tank, highlighting its potential for power generation.     

Cobalt‐based Catalysts Modified Cathode for Enhancing Bioelectricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment in Air‐breathing Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells

To seek an efficient way to enhance the power output and wastewater treatment of microbial fuel cell (MFC), several cobalt‐based composites are successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method under different pyrolysis temperature, and these composites are used as electrocatalyst in air‐breathing cathode of MFC. Different species of nitrogen atom are successfully grafted on the cobalt‐based composites and confirmed by physical and electrochemical analyses. In MFC tests, the maximum power density increases from 577.8 mW m^?2 to 931.1 mW m^?2 with pyrolysis temperature (except for 1000 °C). These electrochemical tests and high COD removal show that Co/N/C‐900 can rapidly transfer electron via a 2×2 e^? transfer pathway, mainly due to the exposure of large electrochemical active area and introduction of the defects of pyridinic?N and abundant oxygen vacancies. Although the power density of MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is 81.1 % of that of commercial Pt/C, the MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is more stable than that of Pt/C, and the power density for Co/N/C‐900 has only a 2.8 % decrease during 25‐cycles operation. The great electrocatalytic activity of the novel Co/N/C‐900 composite exhibits a superior outlook for scale‐up application of MFC in the future.     

纳米Au粒子作为直接硼氢化钠-过氧化氢燃料电池阴极催化剂

采用浸渍还原法制备了纳米Au/C, 并将其用作直接硼氢化钠-过氧化氢燃料电池阴极催化剂. 通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行结构和形貌分析, 结果表明10～20 nm的纳米Au粒子均匀地分散在Vulcan XC-72R碳黑表面上. 循环伏安测试表明, 在0.5 mol•L－1 H2SO4和2 mol•L－1 H2O2混合溶液中, 纳米Au/C在0.85 V处表现较强的不可逆还原电流. 以纳米Au/C为阴极催化剂, AB5储氢合金为阳极催化剂制成直接硼氢化钠-过氧化氢燃料电池. 电池在30 ℃下的最大功率密度可达到78.6 mW•cm－2. 当电池工作温度升高至50 ℃时, 电池的最大功率密度超过120 mW•cm－2. 此外, 研究了阴极溶液中H2SO4和H2O2浓度对电池性能的影响. 当阴极溶液中H2SO4浓度小于0.5 mol•L－1时, 酸浓度对电池性能影响较大; H2O2浓度对电池性能影响较小. 确定了阴极溶液中H2SO4和H2O2的最佳浓度分别为0.5和2 mol•L－1.     

氧化镧作为直接硼氢化物燃料电池阴极催化剂的研究

通过采用线性电势扫描(LSV)和恒电流计时电势扫描方法对氧化镧作为直接硼氢化物燃料电池阴极催化剂的电化学性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:在单室燃料电池体系中,氧化镧对氧还原具有良好的活性,同时在强碱溶液中对硼氢根离子具有很强的稳定性且对硼氢根的水解没有任何促进作用.以镍基储氢合金作为电池的阳极催化剂组装成简单的单室燃料电池,电池的开路电压达到1.052 V,在常温下(21℃),电池于0.491 V获得最高功率密度65.25 mW·cm-2,电池运行稳定.     

直接硼氢化物燃料电池阴极催化剂的研究进展

缓慢的阴极氧还原动力学和催化剂稳定性是制约直接硼氢化物燃料电池商业化的关键因素之一。为此,研究者在提高催化剂的催化活性与稳定性和降低催化剂成本方面开展了大量的研究工作。本文在简要介绍直接硼氢化物燃料电池的工作原理和阴极氧还原反应机理的基础上,从催化剂性能和反应机理角度综述了近年来直接硼氢化物燃料电池中贵金属和非贵金属两类阴极催化剂的主要研究进展,指出了阴极催化剂研究所面临的问题,同时提出了阴极催化剂研究的新的发展方向。     

污泥水解液基质微生物燃料电池的研究

研究不同污泥热水解时间下水解液特性及其对微生物燃料电池（MFC）产电的影响.水解时间由2 h增至96 h,水解液pH基本稳定于7.4 ~ 8.0;水解时间增加,其电导率逐渐提高至2.53 mS·cm^-1,COD浓度和碱度也不断增加,水解液的缓冲能力不断得到提高.MFC最大功率密度达到25 W·m^-3,COD去除率呈现先增后降,水解6 h时达到最大（47%）;库仑效率在预水解4 h时达到最高（71%）.阳极室pH下降可归因于NH⁴⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等阳离子迁移,其中NH⁴⁺的迁移量最大.     

Using 3D Composite Electrode Materials for Electricity Generation from Swine Wastewater in a Dual‐Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells

Swine wastewater has a high concentration of organic matter, suspended solids, and higher ammonia nitrogen, odor, complex polluting ingredients, and large emissions. A two‐chambered cubic microbial fuel cell (MFC) was used to evaluate the effect of a novel three‐dimensional (3D ) electrode made of 3D iron composites and 3D stainless composites on the electricity generation. Swine wastewater with a total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD ) of 3688 ± 300 mg/L was used as the feedstock in the anode chamber. The MFC reactor was incubated with an initial pH of 7.0 in an air shaker with a temperature of ~35°C and 100 rpm in the fed‐batch mode. A fixed external resistance (R ) of 100 Ω was connected between the electrodes, and the closed‐circuit potentials of the MFCs were recorded every 5 min. The results showed that using an iron–carbon fiber composite 3D electrode resulted in a peak electricity generation of 321 mV on the first 2 days and maintained a stable voltage of 163 mV during the second to sixth days. The COD removal efficiency could reach 75%. Using a stainless–carbon fiber 3D electrode could generate a peak voltage of only 29.5 mV and a stable voltage of 15.2 mV with a COD removal efficiency of 54%.     

Biotic Cathode of Graphite Fibre Brush for Improved Application in Microbial Fuel Cells

The biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising and a cheap alternative method to improve cathode reaction performance. This study aims to identify the effect of the electrode combination between non-chemical modified stainless steel (SS) and graphite fibre brush (GFB) for constructing bio-electrodes in an MFC. In this study, the MFC had two chambers, separated by a cation exchange membrane, and underwent a total of four different treatments with different electrode arrangements (anodeǁcathode)—SSǁSS (control), GFBǁSS, GFBǁGFB and SSǁGFB. Both electrodes were heat-treated to improve surface oxidation. On the 20th day of the operation, the GFBǁGFB arrangement generated the highest power density, up to 3.03 W/m³ (177 A/m³), followed by the SSǁGFB (0.0106 W/m³, 0.412 A/m³), the GFBǁSS (0.0283 W/m³, 17.1 A/m³), and the SSǁSS arrangements (0.0069 W/m⁻³, 1.64 A/m³). The GFBǁGFB had the lowest internal resistance (0.2 kΩ), corresponding to the highest power output. The other electrode arrangements, SSǁGFB, GFBǁSS, and SSǁSS, showed very high internal resistance (82 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ and 18 kΩ, respectively) due to the low proton and electron movement activity in the MFC systems. The results show that GFB materials can be used as anode and cathode in a fully biotic MFC system.     

废旧金属网阴极微生物电解池产氢性能及阳极微生物群落结构分析

为寻找质优价廉的析氢催化剂,本研究以废旧金属网为单室微生物电解池(MEC)阴极,在不同外加电压下考察其制氢性能. 同时利用16S rDNA扩增测序技术分析原接种污泥、MFC和MEC阳极微生物的菌落特点. 实验结果表明,随着外加电压的增大,MEC产生的最大电流密度和周期运行时间分别呈现增大和缩短的趋势. 外加0.7 V电压时,废旧金属网阴极MEC的氢气产率和电能回收率分别达到0.330±0.012 m³H₂·m^-3·d^-1和177.0±5.6%,远高于0.5 V时的数值,与0.9 V时相差不大. 废旧金属网阴极MEC的产氢能力可以和Pt/C阴极MEC相媲美,且具有良好的运行稳定性. 16S rDNA扩增测序结果显示培养环境对微生物的富集与淘汰有很大影响. 在外加电场环境中MEC阳极的优势菌落地杆菌属(Geobacter)得到很大程度富集,相对丰度高达79.4%以上.     

Enhanced Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell with a Capacitive Bioanode and Removal of Cr (VI) Using the Intermittent Operation

This study investigated a system which simultaneously produced electricity and stored energy in the MFC integrated MnO₂-modified capacitive bioanode. Compared to the noncapacitive anode, the maximum power density of MFC with MnO₂-modified bioanode reached 16.47 W m^?3, which was 3.5 times higher than that of the bare anode (4.71 W m^?3). During the charging-discharging experiment, the MFC with a capacitance bioanode has a higher average peak current density of 5.06 mA cm^?2 and 36 times larger than that with the bare bioanode. With the capacitive electrode, it is possible to let the MFC at the same time for production and storage of renewable electricity. Then two different operations (intermittent operation and continuous operation) of the MFC with a capacitive bioanode were studied to degrade Cr (VI) in cathode chamber. Results showed that the Cr (VI) removal rates of intermittent operation are much higher than that of continuous operation under the same time in the closed circuit state. This is due to the good ability of storing and releasing electron of the biological capacitor with MnO₂ modified material. And this study showed that MFC with a capacitive bioanode is better adapted to treat heavy metal pollutants by intermittent mode.