负载型纳米金催化葡萄糖氧化研究进展

正近年来,负载型金催化剂已广泛应用于催化各类氧化反应,如CO氧化[1-2]、水煤气转换反应[3-4]、醇醛的选择性氧化[5-7]、过氧化氢合成[8]、挥发性有机物催化燃烧等[9].同时,负载型金属催化剂(Pt、Pd)已应用于催化葡萄糖氧化制备葡萄糖酸盐,但在催化反应过程中易发生催化剂钝     

负载型纳米金催化剂用于丙烯气相环氧化反应的研究进展

丙烯气相选择氧化制备环氧丙烷是催化领域的难题之一,负载型纳米金催化剂因在氢气和氧气共存条件下对环氧丙烷具有高选择性而被广泛研究,并在丙烯转化率、反应稳定性、氢气有效利用率上都取得了长足的进步。本文综述了负载型纳米金催化剂用于丙烯气相环氧化反应的研究结果和发展趋势。重点阐述了催化剂制备方法、载体材料、金粒径、催化助剂等对丙烯气相环氧化反应的影响。最后,综合各催化剂的优缺点,分析并展望了具有高转化率与高选择性的纳米金催化剂的前景和发展方向。     

负载型金催化剂的制备、催化性能及应用前景

负载型金催化剂的制备、催化性能及应用前景①郝郑平安立敦②王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂催化性能应用前景金历来被用作为货币保值和饰品材料．由于其化学惰性和难于高分散，一般不被用来作为催化剂．本世纪７０年代末...     

微生物还原法制备负载性高分散度金催化剂

负载型金属催化剂的金属分散度与催化性能密切相关．高分散度负载型金催化剂，当金的粒径小于4urn时，对CO的催化氧化活性骤然升高门．目前大部分仍采用沉淀法制备负载型金催化剂．Yuan等问用三苯基腰沉淀法制备的An／Fe门H）3催化剂，载体上金的平均粒径为2．9urn，在一73～0o     

负载型金催化剂催化CO氧化的性能(Ⅱ)

负载型金催化剂催化ＣＯ氧化的性能（Ⅱ）郝郑平安立敦１）王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂ＣＯ氧化制备因素分类号Ｏ６４３．３２金，由于其化学惰性和难于高分散，一般不被用来做催化剂．近年来，有关金催化剂的研究与开发...     

沉积沉淀法中制备条件对负载型纳米金催化剂性能的影响

CO的高效快速去除以及实现低(常)温催化氧化是现今研究的重点，而以尿素为沉淀剂，采用沉积沉淀法制备得到的低(常)温催化氧化CO负载型纳米金催化剂具有纳米金颗粒粒径更小、均匀分布于载体上的特点．本文对比了不同的搅拌方式、不同氧化铁载体的浸渍次数以及3种纳米金负载量制备条件下获得的Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃催化剂的物化性质及催化氧化CO活性．结果表明用恒温水浴摇床振荡得到的负载型纳米金催化剂具有更好、更稳定的催化效果；其中，二次浸渍、摇床振荡、负载量为2%的制备条件下，纳米金催化剂具有最强的低温CO催化氧化活性．最后，本文分析了Al₂O₃,FeO_x/Al₂O₃和Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃在不同温度下的CO催化氧化机理，认为CO催化氧化过程除了有CO₂产生，还存在副产物碳酸盐类物种．     

负载型金催化剂对CO氧化的催化性能（Ⅰ）

负载型金催化剂对ＣＯ氧化的催化性能（Ⅰ）郝郑平，安立敦，李胜利，王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州，７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂，一氧化碳氧化，制备因素１．前言金历来被用来做为货币保值和饰品材料，由于化学惰性和难于制备高分散微粒，直到１...     

高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂的制备、表征和催化活性

采用柠檬酸钠还原-胶体负载法, 制备了高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂, 并以液相催化氧化葡萄糖为葡萄糖酸钠的反应评价了Au/C催化剂的活性. 研究结果表明, 金溶胶制备过程中柠檬酸钠的用量对粒子尺寸以及所获催化剂的催化活性有重要影响; 催化剂在多次使用之后活性的降低可能是由于在活性炭表面金粒子活性位点上形成的Au^δ＋-O^δ－化合态减少的缘故. 同时比较了制备的Au/C和商业Pd/C催化剂对葡萄糖的液相催化氧化反应, 证明Au/C催化剂明显优于Pd/C催化剂.     

纳米金催化剂上CO低（常）温氧化的研究

金历来被认为是催化惰性的,但近年来有关金催化剂的研究与开发引起人们的兴趣与关注。负载纳米金催化剂显示了良好的催化性能,尤其对一氧化碳氧化反应,能够在低（常）温下将CO氧化为CO₂。和其他CO氧化催化剂相比,金催化剂具有高的催化活性、稳定性和抗潮湿的性能,预示着更加广泛的应用前景。本文从制备方法、载体的性质、微粒粒径的大小、预处理、活性机理和催化反应机理等方面进行综合与评述。     

多孔材料负载金催化剂的制备与应用*

本文综述了微孔材料和介孔材料负载型金催化剂的制备、表征与应用研究的最新进展,从多孔载体的选择（氧化物、微孔分子筛、介孔氧化物、介孔分子筛和介孔碳材料）、金的最新负载方法（沉积-沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、原位法/一步法和化学气相沉积法）与表征及其催化性能（一氧化碳低温氧化、氢气/氧气直接合成过氧化氢、直接合成环氧丙烷和有机物的选择性氧化）等方面详尽地评述了微孔材料和介孔材料负载型金催化剂研究概况。同时,提出了多孔材料负载金催化剂存在的一些问题,并展望了其研究和发展的方向。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。