GC/MS/MS分析物体表面上粘附的痕量呋喃丹

呋喃丹是一种广谱内吸性杀虫剂,具有胃毒、触杀等作用~([1]).呋喃丹的检验方法主要有TLC、GC、GC/MS、HPLC、HPLC/MS/MS~([2～4])等,而采用GC/MS/MS方法定性分析复杂基体上痕量呋喃丹及其水解产物呋喃酚未见报道,本研究采用GC/MS/MS方法检测物体表面粘附的呋喃丹及其水解产物呋喃酚.     

GC—CI—MS—SIM方法论断新生儿苯丙酮尿症

苯丙酮尿症（PKU）的发病原因是患者苯丙氨酸羟化酶的缺陷,从而导致体内苯丙氨酸（Phe）不能正常代谢为]酷氨酸（Tyr),前者在体内大量堆积并氧化为有害的七人酮酸,PKU是目前筛查范围最广的氨基酸代谢遗传疾病,全世界每年约有一千万儿接受PKU调查,在中国PKU也是卫生部要求重点筛查的病种^[1],目前常规筛查方法是细菌抑制法（BIA),它的特点是用低、速率慢、空易产生假阳性;Chace等^[2,3]报道了MS－MS）京都是新生儿PKU,曲峻等^[4]发展了Chace的方法,采用HPLC与MS－MS联用方法（LCD－MS－MS）筛查新生儿PKU^[4],利用HPLC富集,MS－MS作为HPLC的检测器定量血样中的苯丙氨酸和酷氨酸,MS－MS和LC－MS－MS方法速度快,准确性好,由于是通过测定Phe与Tyr的比值来筛查PKU,克服了假阳性的产生^[2~4],但是LC－MS－MS和MS－MS价格都很昂贵,不适合国内普及推广,本文将血样的Phe与Tyr进行化学修饰后,采用化学电离源选择离子的方式用气相色谱质谱（Gas chromatography-chemical ionizatino -mass spectrograph-selective ion measurement简称GC－CI－MS－SIM）进行了分析,测定了Phe和Tyr相应衍生物的准分子离子峰面积,用外标法计算出血样中的Phe与Tyr摩尔浓度,与MS－MS、LC－MS－MS一样取得同样满意的效果,由于GC－MS价格较低,适合国内普及推广。     

兴奋剂中利尿剂的检测方法

利尿剂是国际奥委会医学委员会禁止使用的一类兴奋剂。该文对兴奋剂中利尿剂的检测方法进行了综述,重点阐述了样品的处理方法,HPLC－GC－MS的检测方法及各种衍生化方法。     

聚甘油脂肪酸酯的结构鉴定

该文采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT－ICR－MS）、核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）以及气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）技术,对聚甘油脂肪酸酯的结构进行鉴定。样品溶解后进行FT－ICR－MS测定,根据精确分子离子数据,推测出聚甘油脂肪酸酯的基本结构以及甘油的聚合度,并采用1H NMR进行了验证。将聚甘油脂肪酸酯水解后,对脂肪酸部分进行甲酯化,经正庚烷萃取,由GC－MS测定,分析脂肪酸的组成。综合以上结果最终确定了聚甘油脂肪酸酯的结构。该研究为聚合物的结构鉴定提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

煤焦油酚的高效液相色谱分析

煤衍生产物中酚类化合物是重要的化工原料,对其组成的分析具有实际意义。近几年,用GC和GC/MS以及HPLC研究煤液化油中和高温煤焦油中的酸性萃取物已有些报道,在以正相和反相HPLC法研究烷基酚的分离方面,亦做了不少工作,而此类研究在国内实属少见,本工作目的在于确定一种分析高温煤焦油中酚类化合物,既简单迅速、又准确方便的高效液相色谱法。     

水中芥子气水解产物硫二甘醇的分析

建立了水中芥子气水解产物硫二甘醇HLB－H104固相萃取法,应用GC－GC－MS分析鉴定,该法操作简便,灵敏度高,方法回收率可达74％,检出限为0．002mg/L。     

波兰农产品中农药残留检测技术现状

介绍波兰农产品中农药残留检测技术。波兰的农药残留检测技术标准以欧盟标准为框架,在实际检测过程中各实验室可根据自身仪器设备条件、样品基质及目标农药的性质,自主开发检测方法,但需根据SANCO 12571:2013对方法进行验证,并向波兰认可中心提供验证报告。样品制备技术以基于乙腈提取/分配、Qu ECh ERS净化为主(EN 15662:2008),各实验室对标准中大部分步骤进行了调整和创新,以满足实际工作的需要;一些经改进的经典方法,如基质固相分散法(MSPD)和基于丙酮提取、二氯甲烷萃取的LUKE法在波兰农产品检测实验室也有较为广泛的应用;最终定性定量分析以GC–MS/MS和HPLC–MS/MS法为主,以GC,HPLC和紫外分光光度法等分析方法为辅。     

GC-Q/TOF MS技术快速鉴定防风挥发油中的成分

采用气相色谱－四极杆飞行时间串联质谱（GC－Q/TOF MS）技术对中药防风挥发油中的化学成分进行鉴定。首先在标准EI电离源模式下采集样品,通过定性软件对数据进行解卷积和NIST库比对,鉴定出库内化合物82种,包括烃类、醛酮类、醇类、酸类和酯类。此外,采用GC－Q/TOF MS的低能量电离源（Lower energy）模式,确定未知化合物的分子离子峰;采集二级质谱,获得碎片离子信息,推断分子式,并结合Chemspider数据库,鉴定了未知物结构。运用该方法鉴定出NIST库外化合物2种,分别为（5E,7E,11S）-5,11-二甲基-5,7-十四碳二烯-1-炔-4-醇和（6S,7E,9E）-7,9-十七碳二烯-11,13-炔-6-醇。同时鉴定了库内化合物3种,为2,4-癸二烯醛、肉豆蔻酸和棕榈酸甲酯,与自动匹配结果相一致,验证了该方法的可行性。综上,从防风挥发油中共鉴定出84种化学成分。该研究丰富了GC－Q/TOF MS在中药防风挥发油中的运用,也为其他物质的快速全面鉴定提供了新思路,尤其是GC－Q/TOF MS的Lower energy 和MS/MS联用模式适用于NIST库中未收录化合物的准确快速鉴定。     

盐酸二甲双胍药物中杂质测定方法研究进展

对近年来盐酸二甲双胍类药物中杂质的测定方法进行综述.盐酸二甲双胍类药物中的杂质主要有双氰胺、二甲胺以及由二甲胺形成的亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质等.测定方法主要有高效液相色谱(HPLC)法、离子色谱(IC)法、高效液相色谱–串联质谱(HPLC–MS/MS)法和气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)法,其中高效液相色谱法主要用于...     

石墨化碳黑净化柱结合HPLC－PDA和LC－MS/MS快速检测苹果汁中展青霉素

基于石墨化碳黑材料制备了一种固相萃取柱（GCB柱）,结合高效液相色谱－二极管阵列检测法（HPLC－PDA）和液相色谱－串联质谱法（LC－MS/MS）评估了GCB柱和4种商业化固相萃取柱（Retain AX、PAX、MAX和HLB）的净化效果,并对澄清型苹果汁中影响展青霉素准确定量的杂质进行了分析。结果发现,苹果汁经上述5种净化柱净化后,大大降低了杂质干扰,色谱图、信噪比和基质效应显著改善。其中,GCB净化为HPLC－PDA分析提供了理想的色谱图,为LC－MS/MS分析提供了可接受的基质效应（-14%）、优于HLB净化的色谱图以及与Retain AX净化相当的信噪比。建立的稳定同位素稀释－液相色谱－串联质谱法（SIDA－LC－MS/MS）可以克服基质效应和净化损失对检测结果准确性的影响。采用HPLC－PDA和SIDA－LC－MS/MS分析时,GCB净化比HLB净化的方法更灵敏;MAX、HLB和GCB净化均能得到较好的回收率（82% ~ 102%）和较小的相对标准偏差（≤ 9%）。所开发的GCB净化方法仅需上样和洗脱2步,且在重力作用下过柱仅需10 min,比其他固相萃取净化更简单快捷,净化能力良好。实际样品经GCB柱净化和HPLC－PDA、SIDA－LC－MS/MS分别分析,展青霉素的平均含量为34 μg·kg-1。GCB柱较好的净化效果和较低的使用成本将有助于其在展青霉素常规检测中的广泛应用。     

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology for metabolomic studies

Metabolomics is the comprehensive assessment of endogenous metabolites of a biological system. These large-scale analyses of metabolites are intimately bound to advancements in ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray (UPLC) technologies and have emerged in parallel with the development of novel mass analyzers and hyphenated techniques. Recently, the combination of UPLC with MS covers a number of polar metabolites, thus enlarging the number of detected analytes in the widely used separation sciences. This technology has rapidly been accepted by the analytical community and is being gradually applied to various fields such as metabolomics and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Given the power of the technology, metabolomics has become increasingly popular in drug development, molecular medicine, traditional medicine and other biotechnology fields, since it profiles directly the phenotype and changes thereof in contrast to other "-omics" technologies. Hyphenated UPLC/MS technique is becoming a useful tool in the study of body fluids, represents a promising hyphenated microseparation platform in metabolomics and has a strong potential to contribute to disease diagnosis. This review describes the applications of UPLC/MS in metabolomic research, and comparison role of HPLC/MS, NMR and GC/MS, highlights its advantages and limitations with certain characteristic examples in the life and TCM sciences.     

汽爆技术促进中药资源高值化利用

汽爆技术在中药资源高值化利用中发挥的作用正在逐渐体现:汽爆处理打破中药植物细胞壁的屏障结构,有利于有效成分的分离提取;汽爆过程物料自体水解发生去糖苷化作用使天然植物中的苷元与糖基分离,提高苷类物质提取和分离效率;汽爆应用于中药炮制和中药脱毒有高效、快速和避免有效成分流失等优点;汽爆处理有利于中药非药用组分如纤维素、半纤维素等的有效分离和利用,联产乙醇、丁醇等能源和化工产品。本文对汽爆技术在中药资源高值化利用中的研究进展进行了综述。     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantifying fatty acids

This critical overview covers current analytical methods and future developments in quantitative determination of fatty acids (FAs), emphasizing sample extraction, derivatization and instrumental analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS²). We compare the benefits and the drawbacks of these two analytical techniques.We consider the well-established GC/MS method with pre-derivatization to be a traditional technique in terms of highly standardized sample-preparation procedures, affordability and readily available library searching for compound identification. However, the complicated derivatization steps required prior to instrumental analysis with GC/MS take a long time, with loss and transformation of FAs, low recovery and poor reproducibility.HPLC/MS² without derivatization shows the benefits of simple, mild sample-processing conditions, satisfactory recovery, short running time and high selectivity and sensitivity, which may allow it to become a viable alternative to GC/MS for the analysis of FAs in the years ahead.     

Investigation of Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne Using GC–MS and LC–MS

Gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to solve difficulties and reinvestigate the serious matrix problems affecting analysis of the active compounds in Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne. The main groups of compounds were obtained by extracting the herb stepwise with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Polyamide column chromatography facilitated further separation. Phenolic/flavonoid- and terpenoid-type molecules were studied by GC–MS, HPLC and LC–MS–MS. The β-sitosterol content of the herb was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid and flavonoid glycosides of apigenin, luteolin, rhamnetine (hexoside), kaempferol (both hexoside and rutinoside) and quercetin (rutinoside) were identified in the fractions of the methanolic extract.     

High-throughput GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS techniques for the multiclass, multiresidue determination of 653 pesticides and chemical pollutants in tea

An efficient and sensitive method has been established for simultaneous determination of 653 pesticides in teas by GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS. The method involved extraction with acetonitrile followed by cleanup using Cleanert-TPT SPE and subsequent identification and quantitation of 490 pesticides by GC/MS and 448 pesticides by HPLC/MS/ MS. The LODs for pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 1.0 and 500 microg/kg, and those determined by HPLC/MS/MS were between 0.03 and 4820 microg/kg. At the low fortification levels of 0.01-100 microg/kg, the average recoveries of 94% of the pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 60 and 120%, 77% of which had an RSD below 20%. For 91% of pesticides determined by HPLC/MS/MS, the average recoveries were between 60 and 120%, 76% of which had an RSD below 20%. The paper also reports a novel SPE column, Cleanert TPT, which comprised graphitized carbon black (PestiCarb), polyamine silica, and amide polystyrene for purifying the tea samples. The results indicated good repeatiblity and reproducibility.     

检查中药中掺入吗啡的方法研究

我国每年出口到东南亚的中成药及保健品很多,价值逾亿。其中发现个别产品中掺有具有相似功效的化学药品。为此,新加坡卫生科学局颁布了《中成药管理办法》,其中规定自2004年1月1日起,只有经过一系列严格检验的产品方可进口。为此,中国实验室国家认可委员会组织了已通过国家实验室认可的若干实验室进行了此方面的能力比对。要求定性检查给定样品中是否掺入吗啡即为其中一例。文献主要报道了采用气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-紫外检测方法测定吗啡含量,本文主要建立了HPLC／DAD和HPLC-MS方法,以检查样品中是否掺有吗啡。吗啡的结构式如右所示。     

Drug impurity profiling strategies

A general scheme is set up for the estimation of the impurity profile of bulk drug substances by the complex use of chromatographic, spectroscopic and hyphenated techniques. Several examples are presented as illustrations to the scheme from the authors' laboratory involving the use of chromatographic methods such as thin-layer-(TLC), gas-(GC), analytical and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectroscopic methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR spectroscopy as well as hyphenated techniques (HPLC/diode-array UV, GC/MS and HPLC/MS). In addition to summarizing earlier work, new examples are also presented: identification of an impurity (propyl 4-[diethylcarbamoyl(methoxy)]-3-methoxy phenylglyoxylate, II) in propanidid (I) and two unsaturated impurities in allylstrenol (VII) by GC/MS and HPLC/diode-array UV as well as estimation of the impurity profile of mazipredone (III) by HPLC/MS and HPLC/diode-array UV.     

丹皮药材的高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱研究

采用高效液相色谱．质谱／质谱建立了丹皮药材的指纹图谱方法。丹皮药材中的主要成分得到较好分离,指纹峰重现性好,通过多维联用技术获得各指纹峰的保留时间、分子量及结构信息,推测出15个指纹峰的可能组成。结果表明：所建立的丹皮指纹图谱信息量丰富,对丹皮药材的化学表征及质量评价有重要的参考价值。     

Identification and characterization of impurities in an insecticide,bifenthrin technical

The HPLC‐DAD and GC/MS methods were successfully used for the identification and characterization of the impurities in an agrochemical insecticide, bifenthrin technical. Three impurities ranging from 0.175%–0.541% were detected by the HPLC‐DAD method. The LC/MS technique with ESI or APCI source failed to detect the impurities detected by HPLC‐DAD, due to lack of ionization in ESI or APCI. The three impurities were enriched by prep‐HPLC, and then their structures were elucidated based on the GC/EIMS and CIMS data. The EI mass spectra of bifenthrin and its impurities displayed molecular ion and provided structure indicative fragment ions; the CIMS data further confirmed their molecular weight. The identity of the impurity 1 was further confirmed by the synthesis of the authentic sample followed by NMR and GC/MS data.     

禁用偶氮染料检测中假阳性结果的鉴别方法

全面比较了薄层色谱法、握相色谱法、液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）、气相色谱－质谱联用法（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）在禁用偶氮染料检测中的优缺点。分析实际检测中假阳性结果产生的原因,研究了８种致癌芳香胺的１９种异构体在气相色谱和订色谱上的分离情况,提出取ＧＣ／ＭＳ和ＨＰＬＣ互为确证手段的阳性结果鉴别方法,可有效提高定性结果和准确性,避免假阳性结果。