关于函数的算术平均的两个性质

设函数 f ( t)在 [a,b]上连续 ,对任意 x,y∈ [a,b],x≠ y,定义Φ( x,y) =1x -y∫xyf ( t) dt则下面结果成立 :( 1 )若 f( t)是关于 t的单调不减函数 ,则 Φ( x,y)是关于 x和 y的单调不减函数 ;( 2 )若 f″( t)≥ 0 ,则 2 Φ x2 ≥ 0 , 2 Φ x y= 2 Φ y x≥ 0 , 2 Φ y2 ≥ 0　　证明　 ( 1 ) Φ x=( x -y) f ( x) -∫xyf ( t) dt( x -y) 2 =f ( x) -f (ξ)x -y ≥ 0 ,ξ∈ [x,y]或ξ∈ [y,x]由 x,y的对称性知 Φ y≥ 0 ,因此 Φ( x,y)是关于 x和 y的单调不减函数。( 2 )　 2Φ x2 =( x -y) 2 f′( x) -2 ( x -y) f ( x) +2 ∫xyf ( t) d…     

非线性特征值问题正解的存在性

证明了四阶边值问题y(4) =λα( x) f ( y( x) ) ,　 0 0且充分小时正解的存在性 .其中 ,α:[0 ,1 ]→ R连续 ,f ( 0 ) >0 .本文的工具是L eray- Schauder不动点定理 [4] .     

某些二阶系统正解的存在性

考察如下边值问题正解的存在性x″(t) λa(t) f (x(t) ,y(t) ) =0y″(t) λb(t) g(x(t) ,y(t) ) =0x(0 ) =x(1 ) =y(0 ) =y(1 ) =0其中 f ,g:R × R R ;a,b:[0 ,1 ] R .所有的函数都被假定是连续的 ,此外 f ,g满足某些增长性条件 .本文得到了一些正解的存在性结果 .     

具非线性边界条件的泛函微分方程边值问题奇摄动(英文)

研究一类具非线性边界条件的泛函微分方程边值问题εx″( t) =f ( t,x( t) ,x( t-τ) ,x′( t) ,ε) ,　 t∈ ( 0 ,1 ) ,x( t) =φ( t,ε) ,　 t∈ [-τ,0 ],　 h( x( 1 ) ,x′( 1 ) ,ε) =A(ε) .我们利用微分不等式理论证明了边值问题解的存在性 ,并给出了解的一致有效渐近展开式     

A KIND OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR NONLINEAR VOLTERRA FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

§ 1　IntroductionSince 1 970 the perturbed boundary value problems for functional differential equationshave been derived in many fields,such as biology,physics,optimal control and e-conomies[1 ] .Some works on studying it have appeared,for example references[2～ 6] .Inthis paper,we study a kind of singularly perturbed boundary value problems for Volterrafunctional differential equations:εx″(t) =f(t,x(t) ,[Tx] (t) ,x(t-τ) ,x′(t) ,ε) ,t∈ (0 ,1 ) ,(1 )x(t) =φ(t,ε) ,t∈ [-τ,0 ] ,ax(1 )…     

Whc80部分的初步解决

对于函数 yi( x) =aix2 bix ci　 ( a1a2≠ 0 ,i =1 ,2 ) :研究两个二次函数迭加即y0 ( x) =y1( x) λy2 ( x)是否不变号 (定正或定负 )的判定性质时 ,杨之先生在文[1 ]Whc80中提出 :有无 y0 ( x)定号的简易判别或论证方法 ?多个函数迭加问题有无本质的区别 ?本文着手解决这个问题 .定理　对二次函数　 f1( x) =a1x2 b1x c1,　 f2 ( x) =a2 x2 b2 x c2 ,( ai,bi,ci ∈ R,i =1 ,2 ,a1a2 ≠ 0 ) ,存在λ使 f0 ( x) =f1( x) λf2 ( x)不变号 (定正或定负 ) ,当且仅当下列条件之一成立 :i)Δ1<0 ;　 ii)Δ2 <0 ;iii)Δ1=0 ,p =b1…     

二阶强次线性常微分方程解的振动性

本文讨论二阶非线性常微分方程 (a(t)ψ(x(t))x’(t))’+q(t)f(x(t))g(x’(t))=0 (1)的解的振动性质。在方程(1)中,α∈C[[t_0,∞),(0,∞)],ψ∈C[R,(0,∞)](R=(-∞,+∞)),q∈C[[t_0,∞),[0,∞)]且在任意的区间(t,∞)(t≥t_0)上不恒等于0,f∈C’[R,R],g∈C[R,R]。关于微分方程振动性的定义,如通常定义,不再详述。在下面的定理中,以下条件将要用到:     

Boltzmann-Poisson方程组初边值问题的整体弱解

§ 1.　Introduction　　LetΩ R3beasmoothboundedopenset,f(t,x ,v)bethedistributionfunctionofcar riersattimet >0 ,positionvectorx∈Ωandvelocityvectorv∈R3.Theforcefieldactingonthecarriersisdenotedbythe3 dimensionalvectorfunctionE(t,x) ,thepotentialcorespondingtoE(t,x)isdenotedbyu(t,x) ,then (f,E)satisfythefollowingBoltzmann Poissonsystem tf +v· xf +E· vf =Q(f) ,　 (t,x ,v)∈R+ ×Ω×R3,(1 .1 )E =- xu ,-Δxu =ρ ,　 (t,x) ∈R+ ×Ω ,(1 .2 )whereρ(t,x) =∫R3 f(t,x ,v)dvisthecarriernum…     

函数思想在数学解题中的应用

所谓函数思想的运用 ,就是对于一个实际问题或数学问题 ,构建一个相应的函数 ,用函数的有关知识去分析问题 ,最终达到目的———解决问题 .运用函数思想解题是中学数学中的一种重要方法 .下面举例说明函数思想在数学解题中的应用 .1　求值例 1　设x ,y∈R ,且 (x - 1 ) 3 +2 0 0 3(x- 1 ) =- 1 ,(y - 1 ) 3 +2 0 0 3(y - 1 ) =1 ,求x+y的值 .解　设 f(t) =t3 +2 0 0 3t,易知 f(t)是奇函数 ,且在R上是增函数 ,故由已知条件得f(x - 1 ) =- f(y - 1 ) =f(1 - y) ,∴x - 1 =1 - y ,∴x +y =2 .例 2　已知x ,y∈ - π4 ,π4 ,a∈R且x3 +sinx - …     

纠正《高等数学》(同济四版)的一个错误

《高等数学》[1]中关于两类曲线积分关系的推导是错误的 .关于两类曲线积分关系有一个熟知的公式 ,即∫LP(x,y) dx+Q(x,y) dy=∫L [P(x,y) cosα+Q(x,y) cosβ]ds,(1 )其中 cosα,cosβ为有向弧段 L的切向量的方向余弦 .但《高等数学》中关于 (1 )的推导是错误的 .它给出曲线弧 L的参数方程x=φ(t) ,　 y=ψ(t) (2 )(注意从 (2 )中体现不出弧的方向 ) ,它又假定有向弧起点和终点的参数分别为 α和 β,然后下式成立∫LP(x,y) dx+Q(x,y) dy=∫βα {P[φ(t) ,ψ(t) ]φ′(t) +Q[φ(t) ,ψ(t) ]ψ′(t) }dt. (3)它又设有向弧切向量为t={…     

Qualitative Analysis of Bifurcating Solutions in the Lengyel-Epstein Model

One of the most fundamental problems in theoretical biology is to explain the mechanisms by which patterns and forms are created in the＇living world. In his seminal paper ＂The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis＂, Turing showed that a system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations can be used to describe patterns and forms in biological systems. However, the first experimental evidence to the Turing patterns was observed by De Kepper and her associates（1990） on the CIMA reaction in an open unstirred reactor, almost 40 years after Turing＇s prediction. Lengyel and Epstein characterized this famous experiment using a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The Lengyel-Epstein model is in the form as follows     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

(0,1 ;0)-INTERPOLATION ON INFINITE INTERVAL (-∞, +∞)

In this paper, we study the explicit representation and convergence of (0, 1; 0)-interpolation on infinite interval, which means to determine a polynomial of degree ≤ 3n - 2 when the function values are prescribed at two set of points namely the zeros of Hn(x) and H′n(x) and the first derivatives at the zeros of H′n(x).     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

正~~     

Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].