MoO3/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

分别采用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了MoO3/SiO2催化剂，用XRD，TPR，IR，TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的影响，晶格氧活泼性，化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究。结果表明，催化剂表面由Lewis碱位Mo=M,Mo-O-Mo中的晶格氧和Lewis酸位Mo^6 构成，在MoO3/SiO2催化剂上，异丁烷主要通过甲基的H双位吸附在表面的Lewis碱位Mo=O上；在常压条件下，异丁烷选择氧化产物主要为异丁烷，甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸，其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成；采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2催化剂，可得到较高的异丁烷转化率和含氧有机物选择性。     

异丁烷部分氧化V-P-O/SiO2催化剂的研究

The V2O5/SiO2 and V2O5-P2O5/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the Sol-gel method. The surface composition,structure,chemisorption and reactivity of the catalysts were systematically studied by using the techniques of XRD,TPR,IR,TPD and icro-reactor. The results showed that the active component was dispersed uniformly on the surface of amorphous SiO2 . There existed Lewis base sites（V=O and V-O-V）and Lewis acid sites （Vn+）on the surface of these catalysts. An addition of PO43- could lower the activity of surface terminal oxygen of Lewis base sites V=O. Iso-butane could chemisorbed on surface terminal oxygen of Lewis base sites V=O by one or two H atoms in -CH3 to form molecular adsorption states. Reaction products of i-C4H10 on the V-P-O/SiO2 catalyst were mainly i-C4H8,MAL,MAA and COx . Conversion of i-C4H10 was 5% and selectivity of partial oxidation products is above 72% at 300℃. The addition of PO43- could improve the selectivity of partial oxidation products on the VSiO catalyst because PO43- could reduce the activity of lattice oxygen in V = O bond,and weaken the adsorption intensity of i-C4H10 .     

V2O5/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5／SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,IR,TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究．结果表明：催化剂表面由Lewis碱位V＝O双键的端氧和Lewis酸位V5＋构成,异丁烷分子主要通过甲基中的H双位吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位上,异丁烯分子可通过甲基的H吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位,也可通过C＝C双键吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸位上．在常压条件下,异丁烷选择氧化产物主要有异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由通过C＝C吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成．     

MoPO／SiO2催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛

 研究了MoPO／SiO2催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛的催化性能．MoO／SiO2催化剂主要表现出对丙烷氧化脱氢的催化性能，在该催化剂中添加磷后，丙烷转化率和选择氧化产物丙烯醛的选择性明显提高．催化剂的X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、程序升温还原、吡啶吸附红外光谱和程序升温脱附等表征结果表明，MoO／SiO2催化剂主要含有MoO3晶相，添加磷后，形成了表面多钼酸物种，磷以PO4四面体结构存在于表面，可能形成部分Mo—O—P键，从而抑制了MoO3在MoPO／SiO2上的形成，起到分隔活性中心的作用．在MoO／SiO2催化剂中添加磷后，催化剂的B酸和L酸酸性均增强，有利于丙烷在MoPO／SiO2催化剂表面活性的提高．由此可见，催化剂表面结构和酸性的变化可能是导致MoPO／SiO2催化性能提高的原因．     

溶胶—凝胶法制备NiO／SiO2催化剂研究

分别以正硅酸乙酯、硝酸镍为硅源和镍源,采用溶胶－凝胶法,经超临界流体干燥和普通干燥制备了NiO-A-SiO2、NiO-G-SiO2催化剂;以气凝胶和干凝胶为载体,采用浸渍法制备了NiO/A-SiO2、NiO/G-SiO2催化剂。并用XRD、TEM、BET、TPR等手段,研究了制备方法对催化剂织构、结构和Ni物种存在形态的影响,发现NiO-A-SiO2和NiO-G-SiO2催化剂上高度分散的NiO簇团与SiO2之间有较强的相互作用,其顺酐液相选择加氢转化率低于10％;NiO/G-SiO2催化剂上,以单一物种形态存在的NiO与SiO2相互作用弱,顺酐转化率为42％;NiO/A-SiO2催化剂上,以多种形态存在的微量NiO与SiO2间的相互作用较复杂,其顺酐液相选择加氢的转化率和丁二酸酐的选择性分别可达100％和98％。     

在溶胶-凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2催化丙烯的环氧化反应

 以sol－gel法制备了MoO3／SiO2催化剂，并用BET比表面积测定，XRD和FT－IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征；研究了以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂的丙烯一步环氧化反应，考察了催化剂的制备条件和反应条件对丙烯环氧化反应的影响．结果表明，在制备过程中，酸性水解剂对MoO3／SiO2催化剂的分散度、比表面积和催化性能有较大的影响．用HCl溶液作为水解剂制备的催化剂，其性能明显优于用HNO3或HAc作水解剂制备的催化剂．在110℃和0．6MPa的条件下反应2h，过氧化氢异丙苯转化率为89％，环氧丙烷选择性为80％．     

几种方法制备的H3PW12O40/SiO2催化剂的结构和催化性能

 针对H3PW12O40(HPW)的比表面积小和不易回收利用等缺点,分别采用浸渍法、溶胶-凝胶法和以离子液体为模板剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备了HPW/SiO2催化剂,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、 X射线衍射、 N2物理吸附和吸附氨的程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂样品进行了表征,并考察了其对苯硝化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,所制备的催化剂样品都保持了HPW原有的Keggin结构. 浸渍法制备的催化剂的比表面积(475.2 m2/g)较小,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由82.4%下降到70.7%; 溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂的比表面积(498.6 m2/g)居中,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由85.1%下降到79.6%; 以［emim］BF4离子液体为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂含有介孔结构,比表面积(558.5 m2/g)最高,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由84.7%下降到79.9%. 不同方法制备的HPW/SiO2催化剂具有较高的催化苯硝化反应活性和较好的稳定性.     

锰活性物质负载Ti掺杂SiO2纳米管复合催化剂的制备及其NH3-SCR反应活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法以及共缩聚反应合成得到了新型的Ti掺杂SiO₂纳米管（TiSNTs）。然后,利用共沉淀的方法在该催化剂上负载了不同Mn含量的Mn/TiSNTs复合催化剂。当Si与Ti的物质的量之比超过5时,可以看到形成了很清楚的蠕虫状形貌。NH₃-TPD（氨气程序升温脱附）测试结果显示掺杂到SiO₂骨架中的Ti极大增强了催化剂的酸性位点而且提高了NH₃在催化剂表面的吸附量和氨选择性催化还原（NH₃-SCR）的活性。同时,H₂-TPR（氢气程序升温还原）测试结果显示Ti掺杂增强了催化剂的氧化还原能力和储氧容量。NH₃还原NO_x的SCR结果说明当Si与Ti的物质的量之比为10的时候,Mn/Ti（10） SNT催化剂显示了优异的催化活性,在温度范围为135~325℃时NO转化率超过90%。     

锰活性物质负载Ti掺杂SiO2纳米管复合催化剂的制备及其NH3-SCR反应活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法以及共缩聚反应合成得到了新型的Ti掺杂SiO₂纳米管（TiSNTs）。然后,利用共沉淀的方法在该催化剂上负载了不同Mn含量的Mn/TiSNTs复合催化剂。当Si与Ti的物质的量之比超过5时,可以看到形成了很清楚的蠕虫状形貌。NH₃-TPD（氨气程序升温脱附）测试结果显示掺杂到SiO₂骨架中的Ti极大增强了催化剂的酸性位点而且提高了NH₃在催化剂表面的吸附量和氨选择性催化还原（NH₃-SCR）的活性。同时,H₂-TPR（氢气程序升温还原）测试结果显示Ti掺杂增强了催化剂的氧化还原能力和储氧容量。NH₃还原NO_x的SCR结果说明当Si与Ti的物质的量之比为10的时候,Mn/Ti（10）SNT催化剂显示了优异的催化活性,在温度范围为135~325℃时NO转化率超过90%。     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu—Ni／MoO3—SiO2催化剂吸附和反应性能的影响

用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3-SiO2(MoSiO)表面复合氧化物负载的Cu-Ni-K2O催化剂。利用IR,TPR,TPD以及微反技术研究了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu-Ni/MoSiO催化剂表面上吸附和合成DMC（碳酸二甲酯）反应性能的影响。结果表明：K2O助剂的加入,使CO2在催化剂表面吸附强度增加,当K2O含量达Cu-Ni总量的15%时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O^- H^ ）的吸附强度减弱;CO2和CH3OH和Cu-Ni-K2O/MoSiO催化剂表面反应主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O。随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率在10%之前增加,之后下降,DMC选择性稍有提高。副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降。根据实验结果探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心的电荷分布的影响。     

Selective Oxidation of Isobutane to Methacrylic Acid over Supported V-Mo-P Based

Heteropolyacid, the most popular catalyst for the direct oxidation of isobutane, exhibits high catalytic activity, poor thermal stability and a short lifetime. Therefore, the catalyst requires further research to improve its performance. Catalysts composed of mixed oxides (V2O5, P2O5, or MoO3) supported on silica were prepared by the sol-gel method to catalyze the reaction. Results of XRD, IR, and BET corroborated that the mixed oxides were dispersed homogeneously on the surface of support. The activity of lattice oxygen in the catalysts was studied by TPR, and the chemisorption property of isobutane on the surface of the catalysts was investigated by the TPD method. H2-TPR of the catalysts revealed that the lattice oxygen of the vanadium-based catalysts is more active than that of the molybdenum-based catalysts. The rcdox property of V or Mo species is slightly affected by other compositions of the series catalysts. The TPD curves illustrate that there are two kinds of adsorptive species of isobutane on the surface of the V and Mo based catalysts. The adsorbing species on the VMoP/SiO2 catalyst are identical to the main adsorbing species on VP/SiO2 and MoP/SiO2. The catalyst VMoP/SiO2 is more active than others in the selective oxidation of isobutane.     

Selective Oxidation of Isobutane to Methacrylic Acid over Supported V-Mo-P Based Composite Oxide Catalysts

Heteropolyacid, the most popular catalyst for the direct oxidation of isobutane, exhibits high catalytic activity, poor thermal stability and a short lifetime. Therefore, the catalyst requires further research to improve its performance. Catalysts composed of mixed oxides (V2O5, P2O5, or MoO3) supported on silica were prepared by the sol-gel method to catalyze the reaction. Results of XRD, IR, and BET corroborated that the mixed oxides were dispersed homogeneously on the surface of support. The activity of lattice oxygen in the catalysts was studied by TPR, and the chemisorption property of isobutane on the surface of the catalysts was investigated by the TPD method. H2-TPR of the catalysts revealed that the lattice oxygen of the vanadium-based catalysts is more active than that of the molybdenum-based catalysts. The redox property of V or Mo species is slightly affected by other compositions of the series catalysts. The TPD curves illustrate that there are two kinds of adsorptive species of isobutane on     

Te掺杂对MoPO/SiO2催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的影响

 考察了Te的添加及Te含量对MoPO/SiO2催化剂催化丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应性能的影响. MoPO/SiO2催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的中间产物丙烯选择性较高,而Te的添加促进了丙烯向丙烯醛的转化. N2吸附、XRD、Raman、XPS、H2-TPR、丙烷脉冲、NH3-TPD和Py-IR等实验结果表明,催化剂添加Te后虽然比表面积有所下降,但单位比表面积上的酸量增加,催化剂低温可还原性得到改善,从而有利于丙烷的转化. Te可能有利于丙烯α-H的脱除和/或烯丙基的插氧反应.     

Selective Oxidation of Isobutane over NH4CsFePVMoAs Heteropolycompound Catalysts

A series of NH4Cs1.5Fe0.08HxPVMo11AsαOy heteropolycompound catalysts for the selective oxidation of isobutane, having Keggin structure, were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, H2-TPR, TG-DTA, SEM and XRD. Effects of the As content,reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of isobutane to oxygen in feedstock on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst were investigated. The activation energy of the catalysts was measured by kinetics researches. Results showed the introduction of Cs^ into the catalysts shortened the stable period of them and enhanced their catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of isobutane. The highest conversion of isobutane and the total selectivity to liquid products were 18.6% and 81.2%, respectively,which were obtained at 380 *(3 with a space velocity of 975h^-1 over the NH4Cs1.5Fe0.08HxPVMo11 As0.3Oy heteropolycompound catalyst. It is confirmed that completely oxidized products were controlled well.     

Cr2O3-Co3O4／SiO2对十八醇氧化生成十八酸反应的催化性能

 制备了一系列不同Cr／Co比例的Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂，并用XRD，FT－IR和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征；考察了催化剂对十八醇氧化生成十八酸反应的催化性能，及反应条件（反应温度和反应时间）对催化性能的影响，确定了最佳反应条件．结果表明，金属硝酸盐在773K焙烧后转变成相应的氧化物并负载于二氧化硅上．Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂对十八醇氧化反应有很高的催化活性，十八酸选择性最高可达99．93％，收率可达52．44％．Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂的活性明显高于单一的Cr2O3／SiO2或Co3O4／SiO2催化剂     

MOPO/SiO2催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应机理

 考察了丙烷以及丙烷选择氧化反应的有关中间体或其探针分子(如丙烯、烯丙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇)和产物(如丙烯醛、丙酮和丙醛)在MoPO/SiO2催化剂上的反应行为,用以探明该催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的可能路径. 结果表明,异丙氧基是MoPO/SiO2催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的主要中间体,异丙氧基脱β-H生成丙烯或脱α-H生成丙酮,而丙烯则经σ-氧烯丙基转化为丙烯醛.     

MoVBiTeO/SiO2对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能

用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mo/V比的MoVBiTeO/SiO2催化剂,并用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、程序升温还原和红外光谱等方法对催化剂的结构、氧化还原性质和酸性进行了表征,考察了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能.结果表明,Mo与V组分之间存在较强的相互作用,调变了催化剂的结构,并形成了氧化还原循环(V5 Mo5 V4 Mo6 ),促进了催化剂中电子和O物种的传递,使催化剂的低温可还原性增强,催化活性提高.Mo组分有利于形成L酸位,而V组分有利于形成B酸位.这可能是丙烯醛选择性随Mo/V比增大而逐渐提高的原因之一.当Mo/V摩尔比为6时,催化剂具有最高的丙烯醛收率(9.7%).