从原子到超原子的原子层次新机遇

为何超原子如此重要？从发展过程来体会,是因为终于可以把纷繁复杂的团簇结构以量子力学属性实现物理规律把握,从而为以团簇作为基元的物性表征与调控包括相关的制造和功能应用提供了基于原子层次的抓手. 因此可以认为,由团簇科技发展到超原子的物理学研究是必然的,所以,我们提出了超原子物理学的概念和范畴. 超原子作为归属于分子的多原子复杂系统,它的电子结构与原子有相近性,凸显了超原子系统中相互作用有深刻且丰富的物理内涵. 依托于原子物理学的巨大成就,将原子层次的科技能力结合到超原子研究上,将开辟新的领域方向,促进从结构出发的传统研究思路转变到以功能为核心的研究范式,从而带来新的发展机遇.     

超冷原子物理学与原子光学

最近十多年来 ,一个新的领域———超冷原子物理学蓬勃地发展起来 .所谓“超冷” ,是指原子作为整体的平动速度极低 ,对应温度低于1ｍＫ( 1 0 -3Ｋ) .如此低温度下的原子体系 ,体现若干新的现象 ,遵从新的物理规律 .其中特别有意义的是原子气体玻色 爱因斯坦凝聚(ＢＥＣ)现象 ,2 0 0 1年的诺贝尔物理学奖就是授予在ＢＥＣ实验实现和性质研究方面做出重要贡献的Ｅ .Ａ .Ｃｏｒｎｅｌｌ,Ｗ .Ｋｅｔｔｅｒｌｅ和Ｃ .Ｅ .Ｗｉｅｍａｎ三位物理学家的 .超冷原子体系技术上能实现 ,有赖于发展于 2 0世纪 80年代的激光冷却和捕陷中性原子的方法 .鉴…     

一套实用的铯原子喷泉光学系统的设计及建立

介绍了实现铯原子喷泉的过程及条件,并详细讨论了光路中各种光学元件对铯原子喷泉光学系统性能的影响。在对各种光学元件性能综合考虑的基础上,设计并建立了一套用于进行激光冷却和上抛的铯原子喷泉的光学系统,使光强控制、失谐调整、光束开关、光束质量等多种参量的控制达到了技术要求。在此基础上,实现了铯原子磁光阱,为实现铯原子喷泉奠定了基础。     

原子混合态在光谱学中的一种应用

本文介绍了一种利用原子在外场作用下微小分裂能态的混合以研究原子内部微小相互作用的光谱学方法，文中详细描述了实验方法，理论依据，适用范围以及实验结果和讨论，这在光谱学的研究中具有重要实际意义。     

原子芯片的基本原理、关键技术及研究进展

飞速发展的激光冷却、囚禁与操控中性原子的理论和实验技术不仅促进了人们对微观物质运动规律的认知,而且在精密测量和量子信息领域催生了多项颠覆性的器件与应用.不同于传统复杂庞大的原子光学实验装置,原子芯片通过在硅等基底上制备的表面微纳结构或器件来精准控制磁场、电场或光场,从而在小尺度、低功耗条件下实现对原子的强束缚与相干操控...     

Analytic Solutions of Three-Level Dressed-Atom Model

On the basis of the dressed-atom model, the general analytic expressions for the eigenenergies, eigenstates and their optical potentials of the A-configuration three-level atom system are derived and analysed. From the calculation of dipole matrix element of different dressed states, we obtain the spontaneous-emission rates in the dressed-atom picture. We find that our general expressions of optical potentials for the three-level dressed atom can be reduced to the same as ones in previous references under the approximation of a small saturation parameter. We also analyse the dependences of the optical potentials of a three-level ^85Rb atom on the laser detuning and the dependences of spontaneous-emission rates on the radial position in the dark hollow beam, and discuss the probability (population) evolutions of dressed-atomic eigenstates in three levels in the hollow beam.     

The periodic magnetic cylinder tube for atom guidance： transport efficiency analysis

We have proposed a model of periodic axial magnetized hollow tube for atom guidance (1999 Opt. Commun. 160 72-4). In the present paper, an analytic solution of the magnetic field inside the tube is obtained and the transport efficiency of the cold atoms in the magnetic tube at different tube intensities of magnetization is discussed. The effect of the curvature of magnetic tube on the atom transport efficiency is also considered. We have found that the tube has a cooling effect on the transverse temperature of the transported atoms.     

Influence of atomic motion on the population and dipole squeezing of a cascade three-level atom in cavity field

The dynamical property of a cascade three-level atom is investigated in the condition of atomic motion. The influence of atomic motion on the population and dipole squeezing is discussed. The results show that atomic motion makes the amplitude of atomic population be steady and increasing the parameter εp which denotes the atomic motion and the structure of field mode can shorten the period of collapse－revivals. By choosing an appropriate parameter εp, we can obtain a dipole squeezed atom of long standing.     

A Scheme for Generating Cluster States via Raman Interaction

A scheme for generating cluster states via Raman interaction is proposed. In the scheme, we firstly prepare cluster states of multi-cavities with information encoded in the coherent states and then generate cluster states of multiatoms, which encode the information in the ground states of A-type atoms. The advantages of our scheme are that the atomic spontaneous radiation can be efficiently reduced since the cavity frequency is largely detuned from the atomic transition frequency and the Hadamard gate operation of the coherent states is replaced by measuring the coherent states.     

原子漏斗及其应用

文章简单介绍了磁、光原子漏斗的基本原理,详细综述了各种原子漏斗方案及其实验结果.这些漏斗方案主要包括采用红失谐高斯光束、蓝失谐消逝波光场和空心光束串联而成的光学原子漏斗,采用载流导线的静磁原子漏斗以及采用磁光凝胶构成的磁光原子漏斗.文章最后还简单介绍了原子漏斗在原子光学领域中的潜在应用.     

电热原子吸收光谱法中原子形成机理的热力学和动力学研究

本文对电热原子吸收光谱法（ＥＴＡＡＳ）中气态原子形成机理的热力学和动力学研究状况进行了评述，引用文献６２篇。     

原子干涉仪和原子光学研究的最新进展

综述了近年来原子干涉仪和原子光学研究领域研究领域工作的最近进展。重点介绍了德布罗意原子物质波干涉仪的基本物理原理，原子的杨氏双缝干涉实验，利用受激拉曼跃迁的原子干涉仪和Ｒａｍｓｅｙ原子干涉仪。     

Bright Solitons in an Atomic Tunnel Array with Either Attractive or Repulsive Atom-Atom Interactions

Taking a coherent state representation, we derive the nonlinear Schroedinger-type differential-difference equations from the quantized model of an array of traps containing Bose-Einstein condensates and linked by the tunnelling process among the adjacent traps. It is shown that no matter whether two-body interactions among atoms are repulsive or attractive, a nearly uniform atom distribution can evolve into a bright soliton-type localized ensemble of atoms and a lump of atom distribution can also be smeared out by redistributing atoms among traps under appropriate initial phase differences of atoms in adjacent traps. These two important features originate from the tailoring effect of the initial phase conditions in coherent tunnelling processes, which differs crucially from the previous tailoring effect coming mainly from the periodicity of optical lattices.     

中性原子干涉实验

中性原子干涉实验干涉实验是古老的实验，最早的干涉是可见光干涉，演示了光的波动性。最早的物质粒子干涉是电子干涉。著名的电子双缝干涉演示了物质粒子的波动性，为量子力学建立奠定了基础。１９５９年Ａｈａｒｏｎｏｖ－Ｂｏｈｍ提出了ＡＢ效应的理论，１９６０年Ｃｈ...     

原子吸收光谱分析中石墨炉的原子化效率

本文评述了原子吸收光谱分析中石墨炉原子化效率的研究进展，叙述了基础理论、各种原子化效率公式以及βm,βi(exp),βi(cal)间的关系，讨论了原子化效率研究中需要进一步改善的问题。     

超冷原子物理学与原子光学(续完)

3　原子光学激光冷却中性原子技术的发展成熟 ,不只是促进超冷原子物理学这个新的研究领域产生和发展起来 ,还同时推动了另一个新的研究领域———原子光学的形成和进步 .原子光学是原子物理学与光物理学的交叉新领域 .在这个新领域中 ,人们类似光物理中处理光 (光子 )那样来处理原子 .从物质粒子与光子在波粒二象性方面的对称地位 ,很容易理解出现相应的物质粒子光学的必然性 .实际上 ,电子光学已经存在了相当一段时间了 (由于发展电子显微镜技术 ) ,类似的研究还有离子光学 ,中子光学等 .上述意义下的原子光学研究 ,最早应该追溯到 1 92 9…     

Effects of the Centre－of－Mass Motion on the Population Trapping of Ultracold Atoms

We investigate the effects of the atomic centre-of-mass motion on atomic population trapping in a two-modemicromaser injected with ultracold A-type three-level atoms. We find that in the mazer regime (the case in whichthe atomic kinetic energy is much smaller than the atom-field interaction energy), the interplay between reflectionand transmission of the ultracold atom leads to the destruction of the atomic population trapping.     

原子物质波的聚焦及其原子透镜

介绍了原子物质波的聚焦的基本原理，即原子透镜的工作原理，又对几种类型的原子透镜及其对原子物质波聚焦的优劣性进行了介绍，描述了原子透镜在原子光学中的应用。