钛扩散铌酸锂矩形波导中的双折射耦合对传播常数的影响

 从亥姆霍兹方程出发，得到了各向异性光波导在弱导近似下的耦合模理论。耦合系数包括偏振耦合项和双折射耦合项。并用马卡提里近似下的模式作为零级近似。用一级微扰法计算了折射率渐变分布的钛扩散铌酸锂矩形波导的传播常数。在给定参数的情况下，得到双折射项引起的传播常数的改变约为主微扰项的3%，因此双折射耦合对钛扩散铌酸锂矩形波导的性能影响不可忽略，这对设计和分析与它相关的光波导器件具有指导意义。     

铌酸锂偏振编码器的偏振稳定性研究

偏振编码器的稳定性是影响偏振编码通信的关键因素之一。采用时变矢量对基于铌酸锂(LN)相位调制的偏振编码器的稳定性进行了深入研究。实验表明,LN的偏振相关损耗主态(PPL)与偏振相关相移主态基本一致,说明LN的偏振相关损耗不会影响偏振态的稳定性。实验中观察到偏振态旋转具有惯性:使电压从0增加到某个定值,在停止增加后,偏振态会继续变化一段时间,大约在30min后才达到稳定;相反,使电压从某个定值减少为0,在停止减少后,偏振态仍会继续变化一段时间。该现象对于低速调制将带来不利影响;对于高速调制,平均功率的变化也将引起偏振抖动。     

金属Ti中He扩散的分子动力学模拟

研究材料中He原子的行为对提高贮氚材料的固氦性能十分必要，相对He行为的实验研究，理论模拟方面对其行为机理的研究相对薄弱。本文应用分子动力学（Molecular Dynamics）研究He原子在hcp结构金属Ti中的行为规律。     

周期极化铌酸锂晶体电控光栅

提出周期极化铌酸锂晶体电控宽带光栅,并利用耦合波理论,推导出电控光栅的衍射光光强分布解析表达式。数值结果表明,该电控光栅的衍射光谱可被外加电场调控。在310 V的外加电压下,1.21~1.83 mm波段的1级光衍射效率达到60%以上,在1.5 mm的1级衍射光衍射效率为70%;而在165 V的外加电压下,0.68~0.92 mm波段的1级光衍射效率达到60%以上,在0.8 mm的1级衍射效率为81%。该电控光栅响应时间短,故有望在高速光开关、波分复用器或调制器方面有重要应用。     

一种电光可调的铌酸锂/钠基表面等离子体定向耦合器

为了满足日益增加的集成光子器件设计的需求,本文研究了一种铌酸锂/钠表面等离子体波导(Li Nb O3/Na surface plasmonic waveguide, LNSPW),并利用LNSPW构成电光可调的定向耦合器(directional coupling,DC).利用有限元方法 (finite element method, FEM)对波导的模式特性和耦合器的耦合特性进行了分析.结果表明,随着波导尺寸的增大,传播长度可达约200μm,归一化有效模场面积小于0.4.通过调节耦合间距(W_gap)、耦合长度(L_C)和工作波长(λ)等参数,铌酸锂钠表面等离子体波导构建的定向耦合结构可实现3 d B耦合.当W_gap=100 nm和L_C=17μm时, DC在V₀=53 V时可实现3 d B耦合,且具有较好的方向性和隔离度.LNSPW的研究为实现可调的DC提供了一种可行的方案,在集成电光可调器件研究领域有潜在的应用前景.除此之外, LNSPW还可广泛应用于非线性光学、光信号处理及光全...     

基于铌酸锂薄膜波导的电光调谐光栅辅助定向耦合器研究

提出并实验研究了一种基于铌酸锂薄膜光波导的电光调谐的光栅辅助定向耦合器。该耦合器由单模与双模脊形波导及制作于双模波导侧壁的长周期光栅构成。长周期光栅的引入补偿了单模与双模波导中基模的相位失配,可在共振波长实现两波导中基模的高效耦合。进一步地,在双模脊形波导两侧制作调谐电极实现了高速、低驱动电压的电光调谐功能。优化了器件的制作工艺,并采用单次干法刻蚀将耦合器的光栅与波导同步制作于X切铌酸锂薄膜上。测试结果表明所制作的器件在1 595.3 nm波长处实现了14.8 dB的隔离度,其电光调谐效率为0.38 nm/V(1 595.3 nm～1 599.0 nm),热光调谐效率为0.14 nm/℃（25℃～50℃）。该器件可用于实现可调谐滤波、滤模、电光调制及高灵敏度温度传感等功能。     

低损耗大带宽双芯负曲率太赫兹光纤偏振分束器

设计了一种基于双芯负曲率光纤的新型低损耗大带宽太赫兹偏振分束器,该器件以环烯烃共聚物为基底,沿圆周等间距分布着12个含内嵌管的圆形管,通过上下对称的两组外切小包层管将纤芯分成双芯.采用时域有限差分法对其导模特性进行分析,详细研究了各个参数对其偏振分束特性的影响,分析了该偏振分束器的消光比、带宽、传输损耗等性能.仿真结果表明:当入射光频率为1 THz,分束器长度为6.224 cm时, x偏振光的消光比达到120.8 d B,带宽为0.024 THz, y偏振光的消光比达到63.74 d B,带宽为0.02 THz,传输总损耗低至0.037 d B/cm.公差分析表明结构参数在±1%的偏差下,偏振分束器仍然可以保持较好的性能.     

Y向切割掺杂铌酸锂晶体中的光耦合

实验研究了y向切割掺杂铌酸锂晶体中入射光和反射光之间的光耦合.当异常光分别沿+y和-y轴方向入射时，二者的透射率和反射率的时间行为基本一致.而寻常光分别沿+y和-y轴方向入射时，二者的透射率和反射率的时间行为明显不同.初步探讨了该现象的物理机理. 关键词： 反射光栅 光耦合 光生伏打效应 扩散机理     

仅有相邻波导耦合的定向耦合器的一般解法

应用切比雪夫多项式 ,求得了仅有相邻波导耦合的 (N +1)× (N +1)定向耦合器在弱耦合、无损耗和忽略正交偏振模场分量间耦合的情形下波导耦合方程的通解。列出线形排列 2× 2 ,3× 3,4× 4定向耦合器的解的表达式 ,并对环形排列 3× 3定向耦合器的解作了较详细的分析     

熔锥型宽带耦合器的研制

介绍了全光纤熔融拉锥型3dB宽带耦合器的理论设计，根据理论设计制作了样品。应用耦合模理论分析了全光纤非对称熔融拉锥型耦合器的宽带特性；提出了3dB宽带耦合器的制作方案，在此基础上制作了样品；对样品进行测试，样品带宽大约为300nm(在1300nm～1600nm波长之间)，附加损耗小于0.5dB，完全达到了实用化的要求。     

Ti:LiNbO3 Integrated Optic Electric-Field Sensors based on Electro-Optic Effect

The need for electric-field sensing technology has widely increased, playing a critical role in various scientific and technical areas. This article comprehensively reviews and compares Ti:LiNbO₃ integrated optic electric-field sensors, including the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), 1 × 2 directional coupler (DC), and Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI), based on the operating principles, the electrical and optical performance, and measurements of each fabricated device. We also discuss future works to improve the sensitivity, operating stability, response speed, and bandwidth.     

Matrix coupled mode theory model of strongly-coupled multiwaveguide optical nonlinear directional couplers

This paper discusses an improved coupled mode theory model for the nonlinear directional coupler in the strong-coupling range. A new single-line matrix equation is derived for the multiwaveguide case. For the two-guide case, a new critical power formula and two exact identities are derived. Interrelation between the overlap integral and nonlinear cross-coefficients is demonstrated. It is shown that inconsistent inclusion of these terms in previous approaches leads to inaccuracies. Results obtained by consistent inclusion of these terms and our critical power formula show a great improvement in accuracy over previous analyses in strong-coupling.     

Polarisation splitter/combiner based on an antiresonant directional coupler

The theoretical performance of a new polarisation splitter/combiner based on a directional coupler is studied using vectorial mode analysis. The device includes an efficient antiresonant mirror transparent to TM polarisation and opaque to TE polarisation. Simulations indicate a high level of TM light can be transferred from the input waveguide into the non-excited guide for coupling lengths shorter than 1 mm. In addition, coupling efficiency of 80% and extinction ratios close to 30 dB have been obtained in a not optimised device.     

Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides

Various experiments on Ti diffused optical waveguides in LiNbO₃ have been carried out in order to determine precisely the character of the diffusion process. The required guide parameters and the effective mode indices could be controlled by adjusting only the diffusion time under fixed temperature and film thickness. Therefore the dependence of the guide characteristics on the diffusion time has been investigated in detail. On the basis of the data obtained, a two-stage diffusion model is proposed. In the first stage, the Ti diffusant profile is described by a erfc-function, and the second stage is characterized by a modified Gaussian form.     

Design of tunable asymmetric directional coupler filter using periodically segmented Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides

A tunable wavelength filter is designed using Ti:LiNbO₃ asymmetric directional coupler. One arm of the directional coupler is made of continuous waveguide while the other arm is periodic segmented. This segmentation reduces the lithographic steps and hence the fabrication cost required for such asymmetric coupler based filter. The propagation constant of periodical segmented and continuous waveguides are analysed using Effective-Index-based Matrix Method. The tunability is achieved using electro-optic property of LiNbO₃.     

Exact analysis of cascaded second-order nonlinearity in rotated Ti:LiNbO3 Couplers

The effects of anisotropic coupling on the nonlinear behavior of different LiNbO₃ waveguides and couplers employing cascaded second-order nonlinearity are analyzed and the importance of leaky mode effect is shown. A set of practical coupling structures made of both symmetric and asymmetric waveguides is investigated and their performance is compared. The home-made computer-code, based on coupled wave theory and anisotropic mode propagation in the complex domain, allows an exact electromagnetic investigation of devices, taking into account both guided and leaky propagation in structures which exhibit losses, the generated second harmonic wave having leaky nature. As an example, for the well-investigated slab three layer waveguide, by taking into account the leaky nature of the generated second harmonic, the modal mismatch = 333 m^–1 is obtained at the azimuthal angle _m 61.9 (between the crystal optical c-axis and the propagation direction) while the angle found via the conventional approach is _m 63.5. Moreover, the calculated second harmonic wave exhibits an attenuation equal to 7.44 × 10^–1dB/cm that strongly influences the whole cascaded second-order phenomenon. The simulation results, for those structures in which it is possible to neglect the hybrid and leaky nature of the propagation modes, are compared with the literature data and an excellent agreement is found.     

用有效折射率/有限元法设计1.55μmTi:LiNbO3单模条波导及其方向耦合器

应用有效折射率/有限元法(EI-FEM),考虑到LiNbO3晶体和Ti扩散的各向异性,折射率增量与寻常光、非寻常光及波长色散的关系,设计了1.55μm光波长下工作的z切y传播Ti:LiNbO3单模条波导的制备参数,计算和分析了其单模特性、模式场分布及其变化规律.扩展了EI-FEM,将其用于求解耦合波导系统,确定了方向耦合器的耦合长度及其波长色散特性.     

Analysis of Ti:LiNbO3 zero-gap directional coupler for wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer

For the purpose of multichannel integrated-optical wavelength division MUX/DEMUX design, the wavelength tuning method of Ti:LiNbO₃ zero-gap directional coupler is analysed by effective-index based matrix method (EIMM). In this method, first, the 2D refractive index profile of the Ti:LiNbO₃ zero-gap directional coupler is transformed into lateral 1D effective-index profile by WKB method. Finally, matrix method is applied to this effective-index profile and the propagation constants are computed from the resonance peaks of the excitation efficiency versus propagation constant characteristics. It has been shown that the channel wavelength tuning can be achieved by varying the Y-branching angle at the input and output of the device or by a slight variation of two-mode-section length. The method of electro-optic fine tuning of the channel wavelength and channel separation of the device has also been investigated. A cascaded structure with proper parameters for four-channel application is also simulated and the results are presented.     

Optical beam splitter and focuser in Ti:LiNbO3 planar waveguide

A -type two-electrode system on a Ti diffused optical waveguide in LiNbO₃ has been studied in symmetrical and in asymmetrical operation regimes. In the first case the device acts as a beam splitter or focuser, depending on the polarity of the applied voltage. In the second case the device acts as a scanner. The driving voltage is relatively low. Possible applications are optical communication systems and optical processing of information.