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1.
Isopiestic measurements have been carried out at 298.15 K for the quaternary aqueous solution H2O+KCl(sat)+NaCl+NH4Cl saturated with potassium chloride and its ternary sub systems H2O+KCl (sat)+NaCl and H2O+KCl(sat)+NH4Cl. Taking sodium chloride (aq) or calcium chloride (aq) as reference solutions, osm otic coefficients and water activities of the aqueous solution were determined. The experiment results show that the isopiestic actions of the quaternary system related to its ternary sub-systems are in excellent agreement with the ideal like solution model. 相似文献
2.
《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2007,39(2):316-321
Isopiestic measurements have been carried out at the temperature 298.15 K for two saturated aqueous solutions: {H2O + BaCl2(sat) + NaCl + NH4Cl} saturated with barium chloride and {H2O + BaCl2(sat) + mannitol(sat) + NaCl + NH4Cl} saturated with barium chloride and mannitol. Taking sodium chloride (aq) as reference solutions, osmotic coefficients of the aqueous solutions were determined. The experimental results are well represented by the ideal-like solution model. 相似文献
3.
The thermodynamic properties of the mixed aqueous electrolyte of ammonium and alkaline earth metal nitrates have been studied using the hygrometric method at 25?°C. The water activities of these {yNH4NO3+(1?y)Y(NO3)2}(aq) systems with Y ≡ Ba2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were measured at total molalities ranging from 0.10 mol?kg?1 to saturation for different NH4NO3 ionic-strength fractions of y=0.20, 0.50 and 0.80. These data allow the calculation of osmotic coefficients. From these measurements, the ionic mixing parameters are determined and used to calculate the solute activity coefficients in the mixtures at different ionic-strength fractions. The results of these ternary solution measurements are compared with those for binary solutions of the alkaline earth nitrates of magnesium, calcium and barium with ammonium nitrates. The behavior of the aqueous electrolyte solutions containing mixtures of barium or calcium or magnesium with ammonium nitrates are correlated and show that ionic interactions are more important for the system containing Mg2+ than for Ca2+ or Ba2+. The trends are mainly due to the effects of the ionic size, polarizability and the hydration of the ions in these solutions. 相似文献
4.
《Fluid Phase Equilibria》2006,244(2):137-152
The simultaneous solubility of sulfur dioxide and ammonia in aqueous solutions of (ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate) was measured by a synthetic method in the temperature range from 313.6 to 373.2 K and at pressures up to 2.5 MPa. Furthermore, the enthalpy change upon diluting aqueous solutions of sulfur dioxide, ammonia and (ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate) in aqueous solutions of the same salt was measured in a batch calorimeter at about 313 and 352 K. The experimental results are used for comparison with predictions from a thermodynamic model for the vapor–liquid equilibrium and the enthalpy of dilution of those chemical reacting systems. In that model, activity coefficients are calculated from Pitzer's molality-scale-based Gibbs excess energy model, where all interaction parameters are either adopted from previous investigations on the properties of the binary and ternary sub-systems (if available) or they are neglected (if they are not available). 相似文献
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《Fluid Phase Equilibria》1999,165(1):99-119
The solubility of sulfur dioxide in aqueous solutions of single solutes sodium chloride and ammonium chloride was measured using a static method at temperatures from 313 K to 393 K and total pressures up to 3.7 MPa corresponding to gas molalities of up to 10 mol/kg. Similarily to the system sulfur dioxide–water, also in systems with sodium and ammonium chloride a second (sulfur dioxide-rich) liquid phase is observed at high sulfur dioxide concentrations. A model to describe the phase equilibria is presented. Experimental results are reported and compared to correlations. 相似文献
7.
The data of solubilities, densities and refractive indices of rubidium chloride or cesium chloride in the system CEHsOH-H2O were measured by using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures, with mass fractions of ethanol in the range of 0 to 1.0. In all cases, the presence of ethanol significantly reduced the solubility of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride in aqueous solution. The solubilities of the saturated solutions were fitted via polynomial equations as a function of the mass fraction of ethanol. The CsC1-C2H5OH-H2O ternary system appeared in two liquid phases: alcoholic phase and water phase, when the mass fractions of ethanol were in the range of 10.37% to 49.59% at 35 ℃. Density and refractive index were also determined for the same ternary systems with varied unsaturated salt concentrations. Values for both experiment and theory were correlated with the salt concentrations and proportions of alcohol in the solutions. The equations proposed could also account for the saturated solutions. 相似文献
8.
Yu-Feng Hu 《Journal of solution chemistry》1998,27(3):255-260
Using a method for determination of solubilities of nonelectrolytes in electrolyte solutions based on isopiestic equilibration and precise chemical analyses, we have measured and report the solubilities of mannitol in sodium chloride solutions. Our results are, in general, in good agreement with the data of Kelly et al. The method is described and its advantages discussed. 相似文献
9.
Osmotic vapor pressure measurements have been carried out for three ternary systems, H2O + 0.2 m 18-crown-6 + LiCl, H2O + 0.2 m 18-crown-6 + NaCl and H2O + 0.2 m 18-crown-6 + KCl at 298.15 K using vapor pressure osmometry. Water activities for each ternary system were measured and used to calculate the activity coefficients of 18-crown-6 (18C6) and its salts following the methodology developed by Robinson and Stokes for isopiestic measurements. In the concentration range studied, it was found that (in NaCl and KCl solutions) there is considerable lowering of activity coefficients of one component in the presence of other solutes that has been attributed to the formation of the complexed 18C6:Na+ (or 18C6:K+) species in solution. The Gibbs energies of transfer of alkali chlorides from water to aqueous 18C6 solutions and that of 18C6 from water to aqueous electrolyte solutions have been calculated. These were further used to evaluate the pair and triplet interaction parameters. The calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium constants using the pair interaction parameter, g
NE (i.e., the nonelectrolyte–electrolyte pair interaction) for the studied complexation of cations yields values which are in good agreement with those reported in literature obtained by using ion-selective potentiometry and calorimetry. The results are discussed in terms of water structural effects, complex formation, and hydrophobic interactions. 相似文献
10.
总结了近几十年来含氯化钠电解质水溶液体系热力学性质的研究成果及其在盐湖、地下卤水、油田水和海盐制备等领域的应用,并对含钠水盐体系在不同温度下的热力学性质进行了总结,对于推动含钠水盐体系电解质溶液理论的发展和促进富盐湖卤水、地下卤水及海水的开发利用具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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对水+3-甲基吡啶+溴化钠三元电解质溶液的临界跨接行为的认识存在着争议. 部分研究认为由于三甲基吡啶的聚集, 体系存在从非经典的3D-Ising(三维伊辛)行为向经典的平均场行为的非单调跨接; 另一部分研究发现该体系符合3D-Ising临界行为, 并不存在跨接. 采用动-静态光散射研究了溴化钠, 3-甲基吡啶和水三元溶液的临界性质, 得到动态关联长度和静态关联长度, 发现动态关联长度和静态关联长度一致, 且在实验温度范围内(离临界温度0.01~25 K), 体系不违背3D-Ising行为, 也观测不到显著的临界跨接现象. 相似文献
13.
L. Li L. Y. Zhu X. M. Qiu D. Z. Sun Y. Y. Di 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,89(1):295-301
The dilution enthalpies of D-mannitol and D-sorbitol in aqueous sodium chloride solution at various concentrations have been determined by isothermal microcalorimetry
at 298.15 K. The homogeneous enthalpic interaction coefficients over a quite large range of concentration of aqueous sodium
chloride solutions have been calculated according to the excess enthalpy concept. The results show that enthalpic pairwise
interaction coefficients (h
2) of D-mannitol and D-sorbitol are positive in aqueous sodium chloride solution and become more positive with increase of the concentration of
sodium chloride. The results are interpreted in terms of the different conformations of the two polyols, solute-solute and
solute-solvent interactions involved by solvent effects. 相似文献
14.
Sandip R. Sabale 《中国化学》2011,29(11):2562-2564
In the present work, we report the studies concerning liquid‐liquid‐solid equilibria for the ternary system sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)+t‐butanol+water at ambient pressure and at room temperature (303±2 K). The solubility data of Na2S2O3 are reported for solutions in water, t‐butanol and solutions of varying concentrations of t‐butanol in water. The phase diagram for the said system is developed, described and compared with similar systems studied such as Na2S2O3+ethanol+water, K2CO3+methanol+water, etc. These results have been explained in terms of structural properties of aqueous t‐butanol solutions and further discussed in terms of the effect of ions to cause phase separation. 相似文献
15.
N. G. Manin 《Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》2008,53(3):470-477
The calorimetric enthalpies of dilution of water + methanol solutions of CuCl2 (m < 3.3 mol/kg; methanol mole fractions of 0.5–1.0) with corresponding water + alcohol solutions at 298. 15 K are studied. These data are used to calculate the enthalpies of dilution and the relative partial molar enthalpies for the entire solution and its components (solvent and solute). The data are considered in terms of the structural evolution of the solution and copper(II) chloride complexing; these factors influence the dissolution energy of the electrolyte and its state in solution. 相似文献
16.
ZHUO Kelei WANG Jianji BAI Guangyue YAN Haike & WANG HangingSchool of Chemistry Environmental Science Henan Normal University Xinxiang China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):59-66
Dilution enthalpies of sodium chloride and some monosaccharides (glucose, ga-lactose, xylose, arabinose, and fructose) in water and mixing enthalpies of aqueous sodium chloride and these monosaccharide solutions were measured by using an improved precision semimicro-titration calorimeter. Transfer enthalpies of sodium chloride from water to aqueous saccharide solutions were evaluated as well as enthalpy interaction parameters of sodium chloride with these monosaccharides in water. Combined with Gibbs energy interaction parameters, entropy interaction parameters were also obtained. The results show that interactions of the saccharides with sodium chloride depend on the stereochemistry of saccharide molecules. These interaction parameters can identify stereochemical structure of saccharide molecules. 相似文献
17.
《Physics and Chemistry of Liquids》2012,50(4):439-450
Abstract Liquid-liquid equilibria, distribution coefficients, and selectivities of ternary systems of the type: (water + K + nitromethane), where Kis 1-propanol, acetone, or p-dioxane, have been determined at (303.15 ± 0.05) K, in order to evaluate the suitability of nitromethane for extracting preferentially the second components from their aqueous solutions. The line data were satisfactorily correlated by the Othmer and obias method, and the plait point coordinates for the three systems were estimated. The experimental data were compared with values calculated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, and with those predicted by the UNIFAC group contribution method. This last method predicts qualitative and quantitative behaviour which are in disagreement with experimental results, while the values calculated using the other two models are in agreement but only when the concentration of component K is low. The three ternary systems studied have distribution coefficients higher than unity, and high selectivities. Therefore, nitromethane could be considered as a potential solvent for the extraction of K from its aqueous solutions 相似文献
18.
提出了一种可以同时测定电解质溶液中非电解质的溶解度和饱和溶液水活度的新方法。该法把等压平衡与传统化学分析统一起来,其优点是:(1)将多元饱和溶液中非电解质溶解度的测定转变为共存离子的溶度测定,避开了对非电解质难于进行精确化学分析的难题;(2)可以同时确定所测饱和体系的水活度。用该法测定了NaCl和KCl溶液中甘露醇的溶解度并与文献值进行了比较,结果表明二者符合得很好。 相似文献
19.
In this work densities, refractive indices, speeds of sound and isentropic compressibilities of the ternary mixture ethanol+water+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]), and of the binary subsystems containing the ionic liquid, have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. 相似文献
20.
Electromotive force (EMF) data were measured at 298.15 K for the cell, Na–ISE |polyelectrolyte(mp), NaCl(ms)| AgCl, Ag, where a salt NaCl with different concentrations is added in aqueous poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(anethole sulfonic acid, sodium salt) and sodium polyacrylate solutions, respectively. ISE means ion-selective electrode. Mean activity coefficients of the salt NaCl in these aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions were calculated correspondingly. The standard cell potential needed for calculations were obtained from EMF measurements of an another cell, Na–ISE |NaCl(m)| AgCl, Ag, where the solution contains only a single electrolyte. Activity coefficients of the electrolyte NaCl in this cell were estimated by Pitzer model. For poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) solutions with different concentrations, mean activity coefficients of the salt NaCl decrease monotonically as the concentration of NaCl increases. However, for poly(anethole sulfonic acid, sodium salt) solutions and sodium polyacrylate solutions, the salt-concentration dependence of the mean activity coefficients of NaCl exhibit a maximum. 相似文献