饱和水泥试样被爆炸激波损伤破碎的尺度研究

利用水中爆炸冲击波使水泥试样损伤破坏,模拟爆炸采油时激波使岩石损伤开裂的现象。实验获得了适合本实验条件的激波峰压衰减规律pm8.2(W1/3/R)1.46,得知压碎区尺度为集中装药特征尺度的2～5倍、拉伸损伤区尺度为集中装药特征尺度的20～30倍,激波使水泥试样破碎、拉裂的能量占总能量的2%～7%。     

Reflection of an impulsive torsional wave by a moving boundary

Reflection of an impulsive torsional wave by a uniformly moving surface/boundary is discussed. Applying the Cagniard–de Hoop technique, the solution for the reflected wave is obtained in the closed form and a new wave that runs along the moving boundary has been found. Its wave front singularity is stronger than those of the incident and the regular reflected waves. This new wave has the cylindrical surface, but the shape of the disturbed region is a torus with a triangular-like cross section.     

有限长轴承非稳态油膜力自由-移动边界问题的有限条解法

讨论了不可压缩流体润滑的动载径向滑动轴承油膜压力分布的自由移动边界问题的有限条解法．将自由边界问题转化为全域(矩形域)的具有不等式约束的微分方程的边值问题,进一步化为具有不等式约束的泛函极值问题。借助有限条法在矩形域上离散这个泛函,得到了一个特殊的二次泛函的规化问题。通过变量平移变换,使其化为标准的二次规划问题。然后借助于牛顿非光滑算法,迭代求解非线性的互补方程。给出了有限长轴承真实的油膜应力分布。对于所求解方程的系数矩阵的高度稀疏性。给出了紧缩存储算法。节省了存储空间和减少了计算量。算例表明该方法是有效的。     

A diffuse-interface immersed boundary method for simulation of compressible viscous flows with stationary and moving boundaries

In this paper, a diffuse-interface immersed boundary method (IBM) is proposed for simulation of compressible viscous flows with stationary and moving boundaries. In the method, the solution of flow field and the implementation of boundary conditions are decoupled into two steps by applying the fractional step technique, ie, the predictor step and the corrector step. Firstly, in the predictor step, the intermediate flow field is resolved by a recently developed gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) without consideration of the solid boundary. The GKFS is a finite volume approach that solves the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow variables at cell centers. In GKFS, the inviscid and viscous fluxes are evaluated as a single entity by reconstructing the local solution of continuous Boltzmann equation. Secondly, in the corrector step, the intermediate flow field is corrected by the present diffuse-interface IBM. During this process, the velocity field is firstly corrected by the implicit boundary condition–enforced IBM so that the no-slip boundary condition can be accurately satisfied. After that, the density correction is made by an iterative approach with the help of the continuity equation. Finally, the correction of the temperature field is made in the same way as that of the velocity field. Good agreements between the present simulations and the reference data in literature demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method.     

基于反馈力浸入边界法模拟复杂动边界流动

浸入边界法是模拟流固耦合的重要数值方法之一。本文采用反馈力浸入边界方法,对旋转圆柱和水轮机活动导叶旋转摆动绕流后的动边界流场进行数值模拟。其中,固体边界采用一系列离散的点近似代替,流体为不可压缩牛顿流体,使用笛卡尔自适应加密网格,利用有限差分法进行求解。固体对流场的作用通过构造适宜的反馈力函数实现。本文首先通过旋转圆柱绕流的计算结果同实验结果进行对比,吻合较好,验证了该计算方法的可靠性。然后针对水电站水力过渡过程中水轮机活动导叶旋转摆动绕流后的动边界流场进行数值模拟,得到导叶动态绕流后的流场分布特性和涡结构的演化特性。     

基于移动相似中心的比例边界有限元方法

在传统的比例边界有限元中,相似中心是固定的,难以用其求解关于偏心域的场问题。本文引入移动相似中心的概念,建立新的比例边界坐标变换,并利用加权余量法将控制方程半弱化为关于径向坐标的二阶常微分方程,引入对偶变量,将其降为系数矩阵为Hamilton矩阵的一阶常微分方程。对Hamilton矩阵进行Schur分解,得到微分方程的通解,代入边值条件可得关于积分常数的代数方程。此方法将比例边界有限元扩展到偏心域的边值问题,同时在径向是半解析的,解的精度高;仅需要离散求解域的一个边界,数据量小;在计算中仅需要对Hamilton矩阵进行Schur分解以及求解关于积分常数的代数方程,运算量少。将偏心环形域静电场边值问题的算例与解析解或其他数值方法计算结果的比较,表明此方法具有精度高、数据量小及运算量小的优点。     

Fixed domain methods for free and moving boundary flows in porous media

A survey is presented concerning fixed domain methods used to solve mathematical models of free and moving boundary flow problems in porous media. These include the following: variational inequality or quasi-variational inequality formulations; general inequality formulations which have been set and solved in fixed domains; and the residual flow procedure. Finally, some parallel computing methods and mesh adaptation methods are discussed to demonstrate how these fixed domain formulations can be solved with current technology.The fixed domain methods that are referenced herein can be classified into two groups: the variational inequality method and the extended pressure head method. Baiocchi was the first to apply the variational inequality method to free boundary problems of flows through porous media. This method in general also uses an extension of the pressure head but adds an application of an integral transformation (a Baiocchi transformation) to the problem. The method possesses a beautiful mathematical structure for its theory and yields simple numerical solution algorithms. However, application of the method is difficult if not impossible in some cases depending upon the regularity of the seepage domain.The extended pressure head method is based on the concept that the pressure is extended smoothly across the free or moving boundary into the unsaturated region from the flow domain. The extension of the pressure head to the entire porous medium yields an extended coefficient of permeability of the medium which is equal to the saturated coefficient in the seepage region and is equal to zero or some small value (for computational purposes) in the unsaturated region.     

A boundary element method for calculating the SH waves scattering from arbitrarily shaped holes in an anisotropic medium

The scattering problem of elastic wave by arbitrarily shaped cavities in an infinite anisotropic medium is investigated by the boundary integral equation (BIE) method. The formulations of BIE are derived with the help of generalized Green's formula. The discretization of BIE is based upon constant elements. After confirmation of the accuracy of the present method, some numerical examples are given for various cavities in a full space, in which an isotropic body with a circular cylinder hole is used for comparison and good agreement is observed. It has been proved that the method developed in this paper is effective.     

Influence of elastic material compressibility on parameters of an expanding spherical stress wave

We investigated the influence of elastic material compressibility on parameters of an expanding spherical stress wave. The material compressibility is represented by Poisson’s ratio, ν, in this paper. The stress wave is generated by a pressure produced inside a spherical cavity surrounded by the isotropic elastic material. The analytical closed form formulae determining the dynamic state of the mechanical parameters (displacement, particle velocity, strains, stresses, and material density) in the material have been derived. These formulae were obtained for surge pressure p(t) = p ₀ = const inside the cavity. From analysis of these formulae, it is shown that the Poisson’s ratio substantially influences the course of material parameters in space and time. All parameters intensively decrease in space together with an increase of the Lagrangian coordinate, r. On the contrary, these parameters oscillate versus time around their static values. These oscillations decay in the course of time. We can mark out two ranges of parameter ν values in which vibrations of the parameters are “damped” at a different rate. Thus, Poisson’s ratio in the range below about 0.4 causes intense decay of parameter oscillations. On the other hand in the range 0.4 < ν < 0.5, i.e. in quasi-incompressible materials, the “damping” of parameter vibrations is very low. In the limiting case when ν = 0.5, i.e. in the incompressible material, “damping” vanishes, and the parameters harmonically oscillate around their static values. The abnormal behaviour of the material occurs in the range 0.4 < ν < 0.5. In this case, an insignificant increase of Poisson’s ratio causes a considerable increase of the parameter vibration amplitude and decrease of vibration “damping”.      

SPH方法的运动边界条件研究Research on the moving boundary condition in SPH method

提出一种设置运动边界条件的方法,研究边界附近流体粒子积分截断和非物理穿透边界的问题。边界外的虚粒子在每个时间步由边界附近流体粒子对称生成,赋予相应的物理量,并在虚粒子中引入排斥力,利用拉格朗日形式的N‐S方程自编SPH程序,参考一维激波管的精确解验证边界方法的适用性,研究运动边界条件在计算模型中应用。激波管的模拟结果与精确解基本一致,且在运动边界模型中也计算获得合理的结果。文中提出的运动边界条件,避免了边界附近流体粒子积分截断问题,阻止流体粒子在边界处发生非物理穿透的现象。     

Application of hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to moving boundary flow problems

The paper presents a hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to solve unsteady moving boundary flow problems. Unlike the Chimera clouds of points approach, the hybrid approach uses a Cartesian grid to cover most of the computational domain and a gridless method to calculate a relatively small region adjacent to the body surface, making use of the flexibility of the gridless method in handling surface grid with complicated geometry and the computational efficiency of the Cartesian grid. Four cases were conducted to examine the applicability, accuracy and robustness of the hybrid approach. Steady flows over a single NACA0012 airfoil and dual NACA0012 airfoils at different Mach numbers and angles of attack were simulated. Moreover, by implementing a dynamic hole cutting, node identification and information communication between the Cartesian grid and the gridless regions, unsteady flows over a pitching NACA0012 airfoil (small displacement) and two‐dimensional airfoil/store separation (large displacement) were performed. The computational results were found to agree well with earlier experimental data as well as computational results. Shock waves were accurately captured. The computational results show that the hybrid approach is of potential to solve the moving boundary flow problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A numerical study of the motion of a wave running up a beach

The main difficulty for the numerical calculation of the wave running up a beach is the treatment of its moving water boundary. In this paper a scheme of turning the free boundary problem into a fixed boundary problem is designed. The calculated run-up height is consistent with the experiments. Some interesting wave phenomena are also found.     

Optimal control of drainage basin considering moving boundary

The purpose of this article is to present a technique to optimally control river flood using a drainage basin considering a moving boundary. The main theme of this article is to obtain outflow discharge from the drainage basin that maintains the water level at a downstream point and empties the drainage basin as soon as possible. The water flow phenomenon inside the drainage basin when a river flood occurs is considered. This phenomenon can be analysed by the finite element method considering a moving boundary. The optimal control theory can be implemented to obtain the optimal control discharge. The finite element analysis with a moving boundary is introduced in the optimal control theory. A new boundary condition on the downstream side of the river is proposed. This condition is formulated by the solitary wave condition based on the basic water level being capable of representing natural water surface. As a numerical study, optimal control of shallow water flow is carried out for the Tsurumi River and its drainage basin model.     

Compressible flow equations based on moving coordinates determined by the wave speed

In this paper, we consider moving coordinates with a speed determined by the wave speed. This allows us to move the coordinates at the speed of contact discontinuities, expansion fans, or other wave structures. While recognizing that the Lagrangian coordinates, which can well resolve the sliplines, behave badly for expansion waves, we demonstrate that a coordinate system moving at the characteristic speed of the expansion fan behaves much better for expansion waves. Moreover, the new coordinate system allows one to well capture the shock wave, the slipline and the expansion waves at the same time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近场波动模拟的一种应力人工边界

采用平面波和远场散射波混合透射，引入无限介质线弹性本构关系建立了一种应力人工 边界条件. 其优点在于边界结点反应与内部有限元结点反应采用相同的积分格式计算，有限 元积分方法稳定时不存在人工边界失稳问题. 数值算例表明：边界精度高于现有黏性边 界、黏弹性人工边界，以及一、二阶透射人工边界.     

Upwind finite difference method for miscible oil and water displacement problem with moving boundary values

The research of the miscible oil and water displacement problem with moving boundary values is of great value to the history of oil-gas transport and accumulation in the basin evolution as well as to the rational evaluation in prospecting and exploiting oil-gas resources. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations with moving boundary values. For the twodimensional bounded region, the upwind finite difference schemes are proposed. Some techniques, such as the calculus of variations, the change of variables, and the theory of a priori estimates, are used. The optimal orderl2-norm estimates are derived for the errors in the approximate solutions. The research is important both theoretically and practically for the model analysis in the field, the model numerical method, and the software development.     

不同材料契合弹性力学问题的虚边界元最小二乘法

本文针对不同材料契合弹性力学问题,由虚边界元方法出发,建立了引入拉氏乘子的最小二科解法,对该类问题避免了采用Ｈｅｔｅｎｙｉ’ｓ基本解的麻烦和限制。数值结果表明本文算法的有效性和计算精度高。     

电爆炸丝的电气特性

根据金属导体电阻与比作用量的关系和A.Hobson提出的金属丝阻抗随时间的变化规律分别建立了2种仿真模型研究电爆炸丝断路开关的电气特性;测量了电爆炸过程中金属丝两端的电压,结果表明:A.Hobson模型只有在电爆炸丝汽化前有效;电阻率-比作用量模型适用于整个电爆炸过程的宏观描述.因此,对含电爆炸丝元件的电路仿真模拟采用...     

Computation of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions using a two-equation model with compressibility corrections

In this paper computational results for two different types of shock wave / turbulent boundary layer interaction flows are presented. It is shown that upstream effects of the shock induced separation cannot be reproduced by Wilcox's (1991) k--model, whereas downstream of the interaction, predictions of pressure distribution and skin friction are acceptable. The inclusion of the compressible part of the dissipation rate and the pressure dilatation in the model has noticeable, but not dramatic effects on wall pressure and skin friction in the selected flow cases.     

A deforming finite element mesh for use in moving one-dimensional boundary wave problems

The finite element method is developed to solve the problem of wave run-up on a mild, plane slope. A novel approach to implementing a deforming mesh of one-dimensional, three-node, isoparametric elements is described and demonstrated. The discrete time interval (DTI), arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and space–time element (STE) methods are used to solve the unsteady one-dimensional shallow water wave equations. The boundary condition required is simply the seaward water surface elevation, and although the method has only been tested for monochromatic waves, it should be equally valid for any sea state which can be described as a water surface elevation as a function of time. All three solution methods are shown to given good results. Time histories of the terms of the governing equations are calculated and used to demonstrate how the ALE and STE methods account for mesh deformation. The model could be extended to two dimensions, which would have practical application to the run-up of obliquely incident waves. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.