新生儿硬肿症危险因素分析

为探讨新生儿硬肿症发病的危险因素，以便有效地预防该病，以41例硬肿症新生儿为研究对象，并设疾病对照组，运用多元Logistic回归，对8项可疑因素进行了分析。结果表明，早产，低体重，窒息和感染， 毒最终进入方程（P＞0．05），且OR值均大于1，是硬肿症发病的危险因素。硬肿症是原发病的一个并发症和严重征兆。寒冷不是本地区硬肿症的常见病因。流动人口的新生儿是硬肿症的高危人群。加强围产期母婴保健，普及新法复苏，感染的预防和早期有效干预，早产，低体重儿和重新新生儿热能供给和维持内环境平衡是预防硬肿症的有效措施。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清钠、钙、镁的变化

为了解缺解氧血性脑病新生儿血清钠、钙、镁的主烨规律,对８７例ＨＩＥ患儿和９３例正常新生儿血清钠、钙、镁进行了对比分析。结果表明,ＨＩＥ虱儿血清钠、钙、镁均较正常新生儿低,差异有统计学意义,降低程度与新生儿ＨＩＥ轻重程度呈正相关。提示ＨＩＥ患儿在 应注意纠正低钠,低钙,低镁血症。     

中山地区844例5岁以下儿童营养不良影响因素分析

采用回顾性调查方法,从40351例儿童中筛查出844例营养不良儿童进行分析。结果表明,营养不良发生率为20.92‰（844／40351）。其中,农村患病率占81.75%,地区患病率占18.25%,0－1岁年龄组患病率高于其他年龄组。营养不良影响因素排位依次伙喂养不当、上呼吸道感染、佝楼病、轻度贫血、先天缺陷、早产和低出生体重儿。并根据患病原因,提出了几点相应预防措施。     

血铅对新生儿体格生长发育的影响

对１９９６年６月￣１９９７年１２月住院新生儿１１５进行了血铅检测，将检测结果分为相对低铅组（血铅≤０．９９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）与高铅组（血铅１．００￣２．２４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），对两组孕周、体重、身长（高）、头围、胸围以及ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ进行了回顾性比较分析。结果显示：高铅组在体重、身长、胸围、Ｈｂ四方面均较低铅组落后，经统计学处理有显著性差异（Ｐ均〈０．０１）。提示血铅水平与小儿体格生长呈负相关，防治亚临床型     

新生儿低钙血症有哪些原因

新生儿低钙血症是指血钙低于1．8～2．0mmol／L（70-80mg／L）或游离钙低于0．75mmol／L（30mg／L），是引起新生儿惊厥的常见病因。新生儿容易发生低钙血症是与新生儿的钙代谢特点有关。主要原因有：因分娩、窒息使降钙素增加而使血钙降低；母亲患严重妊高征或糖尿病；早产儿甲状旁腺功能低下、     

产妇及新生儿头发微量元素检测106例

初步调查106对新生婴儿及其母体头发中的锌、铁、铜、钙含量，同时对不同胎龄及体重进行比较，结果胎发与母发的微量元素有一定差异，这个差异在38周以前就已存在，其具体表明为胎发锌，铁高于母发，铜含量低子母发，钙含量同母发相近，但胎发钙同胎龄及新生儿有正相关关系，其它元素在本调查中无此发现。     

妊娠晚期羊水中微量元素测定及其与胎儿生长发育关系的研究

对１０２名足月正常妊娠第一胎的产妇妊娠晚期羊水中６种微量元素（锌、铜、锰、铁、钙、镁）首次进行了测定，并通过对出生新生儿生长发育的监测探讨其与胎儿生长发育的关系。妊娠晚期羊水中６种微量元素含量（±Ｓ／×１０－５）分别为：Ｚｎ２．２９±１．７７，Ｃｕ０．１４±０．１４，Ｍｎ０．１３±０．２３，Ｆｅ３．６９±２．７０，Ｃａ８２．５４±７４．１８，Ｍｇ１８．７１±１１．０９．男女新生儿其母羊水中微量元素含量比较无显著差异，Ｐ≥０．０５．与文献报道中期妊娠羊水中所含微量元素比较有增加趋势．６种微量元素相互关系中．与锌、钙呈正相关外，锌与铜、锰、铁、镁呈负相关．低体重组与低身长组新生儿孕母羊水中锌含量明显低于高体重组和高身长组，有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０１．铁在高身长组含量增高，与低身长组比较有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０５．锰于低体重组含量升高，与高体重组比较有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０１．镁与铜于低身长组含量升高，与高身长组比较有显著差异，Ｐ分别≤０．０５与０．０１．可见高铜、高锰、高镁可致胎儿生长发育迟缓．     

GC—CI—MS—SIM方法论断新生儿苯丙酮尿症

苯丙酮尿症（PKU）的发病原因是患者苯丙氨酸羟化酶的缺陷,从而导致体内苯丙氨酸（Phe）不能正常代谢为]酷氨酸（Tyr),前者在体内大量堆积并氧化为有害的七人酮酸,PKU是目前筛查范围最广的氨基酸代谢遗传疾病,全世界每年约有一千万儿接受PKU调查,在中国PKU也是卫生部要求重点筛查的病种^[1],目前常规筛查方法是细菌抑制法（BIA),它的特点是用低、速率慢、空易产生假阳性;Chace等^[2,3]报道了MS－MS）京都是新生儿PKU,曲峻等^[4]发展了Chace的方法,采用HPLC与MS－MS联用方法（LCD－MS－MS）筛查新生儿PKU^[4],利用HPLC富集,MS－MS作为HPLC的检测器定量血样中的苯丙氨酸和酷氨酸,MS－MS和LC－MS－MS方法速度快,准确性好,由于是通过测定Phe与Tyr的比值来筛查PKU,克服了假阳性的产生^[2~4],但是LC－MS－MS和MS－MS价格都很昂贵,不适合国内普及推广,本文将血样的Phe与Tyr进行化学修饰后,采用化学电离源选择离子的方式用气相色谱质谱（Gas chromatography-chemical ionizatino -mass spectrograph-selective ion measurement简称GC－CI－MS－SIM）进行了分析,测定了Phe和Tyr相应衍生物的准分子离子峰面积,用外标法计算出血样中的Phe与Tyr摩尔浓度,与MS－MS、LC－MS－MS一样取得同样满意的效果,由于GC－MS价格较低,适合国内普及推广。     

广州市花都区儿童保健服务现状与对策

目的通过对花都区儿童保健情况进行调查,了解该地区儿童保健服务现状,为提出建议及对策提供科学依据。方法通过问卷调查、定性访谈等对全区16家承担基本公共卫生服务的单位进行调查。结果全区16家社区卫生服务中心设有儿童保健门诊16家,共有儿保人员41名,大专及以上学历38人,占92.7%;专职31人,占75.6%;2011年至2014年儿童建档率、新生儿访视及集体儿童体检逐年递增。结论政府要合理配置医疗资源,加大对儿童保健服务的投入,社区卫生服务中心应重视儿保门诊的规范化建设,给予充足的人员配置,从而提高儿童保健综合服务能力。     

糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血14种微量元素的研究

为了解糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血微量元素的分布情况，采用日本岛津ICPQ－1012型高频等离子体发射光谱仪检测了糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素。以正常产妇及足月新生儿病例为对照组，观察糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素的改变。结果糖尿病母亲铜元素高于正常产妇，铬、锰、锌元素低于正常产妇，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素高于正常新生儿，锌、锰、镁、铬元素低于正常新生儿。糖尿病母亲新生儿镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁低于糖尿病母亲。结论：糖尿病母亲血铬、锌、锰元素低于正常，铜元素增高是由于糖尿病疾病所引起，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素增高，血镁、钙、锰、锌等低于正常，与糖尿病母亲本身微量元素特点有关。糖尿病母亲新生儿血镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁元素低于糖尿病母亲与先天发育不足有关。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.