The Semigroup Characterizations of Positive Implicative BCK—algebras

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｙａＢＣＩ－ａｌｇｅｂｒａｗｅｍｅａｎａｎａｌｇｅｂｒａ（Ｘ，，０）ｏｆｔｙｐｅ（２，０）ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｉ－ｔｉｏｎｓ：（１）（（ｘｙ）（ｘｚ））（ｚｙ）＝０；（２）（ｘ（ｘｙ））ｙ＝０；（３）ｘｘ＝０；（４）ｘｙ＝ｙｘ＝０ｉｍｐｌｉｅｓｘ＝ｙ．ＩｆａＢＣＩ－ａｌｇｅｂｒａ（Ｘ，，０）ｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｓ（５）０ｘ＝０．ｔｈｅｎｉｔｉｓｃａｌｌｅｄａＢＣＫ－ａｌｇｅｂｒａ．ＩｎａＢＣＩ－ａｌｇｅｂｒａ，ｔｈｅｆ…     

The Pell Equations x^2—8y^2=1 and y2—Dz^2=1

ＯｎｔｈｅＰｅｌｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｘ２－８ｙ２＝１,　ｙ２－Ｄｚ２＝１（１）ｗｈｅｒｅＤ＞０ｉｓａｓｑｕａｒｅ－ｆｒｅｅｉｎｔｅｇｅｒ．ＣａｏＺｈｅｎｆｕ［１］ｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｉｆＤ＝∏ｓｉ＝１Ｐｉ≡１（ｍｏｄ４）ｏｒＤ＝２∏Ｐｉ,１≤ｓ≤４,ｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ（１）ｈａｓｎｏｌｙｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｉｎｔｅｇｅｒｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｚ＝６（Ｄ＝２·１７）．ＣｈｅｎｇＪｉａｎｈｕａ［２］ｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｉｓＤ＝∏ｓｉ＝１Ｐｉ　１≤ｓ≤２,ｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ（１）ｈａｓｏ…     

On the Cluster Set C [S_n/(2nφ(n))~(1/2)] in 2-type Banach Space

Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｗｅｈａｖｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｓ．Ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ１　Ｌｅｔφ（ｘ）ｂｅａｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｎ［０，＋∞），φ（ｘ）→＋∞ａｎｄφ（ｘ）ｘｂｅｎｏ－ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ（Ｗｈｅｎｘｉｓｌａｒｇｅｅｎｏｕｇｈ），ａｎｄｌｅｔＢｂｅａｓｅｐａｒａｂｌｅＢａｎａｃｈｓｐａｃｅ，ＸｂｅａＢ－ｖａｌｕｅｄｒａｎｄｏｍｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ，ｉｆｉ）Ｘ∈ＷＭ２０ｉｉ）Ｘτ－ＥＸτ∈ＣＬＴ，τ＞０，ｗｈｅｒｅＸτ＝ＸＩ｛ｙＸｙ≤τ｝ｉｉ…     

关于正定关联BCC—代数

首先指出在ＢＣＣ－代数中，下述两个条件并不等价：（１）（ｘ＊ｚ）＊（ｙ＊ｚ）＝（ｚ＊ｙ＿＊ｚ；（２）（ｘ＊ｙ＊ｙ＝ｘ＊ｙ。随后给出由Ｗ．Ａ．Ｄｕｄｅｋ１９９２年定义的正关联ＢＣＣ－代数的一个简单的公理系统。     

巧用直线和圆的位置关系解题

命题　设直线ｌ：Ａｘ＋Ｂｙ＋Ｃ＝０（Ａ,Ｂ不同时为零）,⊙Ｏ：（ｘ－ａ）２＋（ｙ－ｂ）２＝Ｒ２,则ｌ与⊙Ｏ有交点｜Ａａ＋Ｂｂ＋Ｃ｜Ａ２＋Ｂ２≤Ｒ．本文举例说明这一命题在解题中的巧用．一、用于求最值（或值域）例１　如果实数ｘ,ｙ满足等式（ｘ－２）２＋ｙ２＝３,求ｕ＝ｙｘ的最大值．（１９９０年高考试题）解　由ｕ＝ｙｘ得ｕｘ－ｙ＝０,点（ｘ,ｙ）在直线ｕｘ－ｙ＝０以及圆（ｘ－２）２＋ｙ２＝３上．∴２ｕ－０１＋ｕ２≤１－３≤ｕ≤３,∴ｕｍａｘ＝３．例２　求函数ｕ＝２ｘ－１＋５－２ｘ的最大值．解　点（…     

证明三角形不等式的一种方法

证明三角形不等式的一种方法安振平（陕西永寿县中学７１３４００）众所周知，在△ＡＢＣ中，有恒等式ｔｇＡ２ｔｇＢ２＋ｔｇＢ２ｔｇＣ２＋ｔｇＣ２ｔｇＡ２＝１若令ｘ＝ｔｇＡ２，ｙ＝ｔｇＢ２，ｚ＝ｔｇＣ２（）由Ａ２，Ｂ２，Ｃ２∈（０，π２）知ｘ，ｙ，ｚ∈Ｒ＋...     

数学问题解答

１９９９年７月号问题解答（解答由问题提供人给出）１２０１．已知ｘ,ｙ,ｚ都是正实数,且满足ｘ·ｙ·ｚ＝１;求证ｘ２ｙ＋ｚ＋ｙ２ｚ＋ｘ＋ｚ２ｘ＋ｙ≥３２;证明：设ｓ＝ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ,则ｘ２ｙ＋ｚ＋ｙ２ｚ＋ｘ＋ｚ２ｘ＋ｙ＝ｘ２ｓ－ｘ＋ｙ２ｓ－ｙ＋ｚ２ｓ－ｚ＝ｘ２ｓ－ｘ＋ｘ＋ｙ２ｓ－ｙ＋ｙ＋ｚ２ｓ－ｚ＋ｚ－ｓ＝ｓ·ｘｓ－ｘ＋ｙｓ－ｙ＋ｚｓ－ｚ－ｓ＝ｓ·ｘｓ－ｘ＋１＋ｙｓ－ｙ＋１＋ｚｓ－ｚ＋１－３－ｓ＝ｓ２·１ｓ－ｘ＋１ｓ－ｙ＋１ｓ－ｚ－４ｓ≥ｓ２·３２（ｓ－ｘ）＋（ｓ－ｙ）＋（ｓ－ｚ）－４ｓ＝９２ｓ－４ｓ…     

代数综合测试题

一、选择题１．设集合Ｍ＝｛ｘ｜２２－ｘ≥１｝,集合Ｎ＝｛ｘ｜ｘ２－２ｘ－３＜０｝,集合Ｍ∩Ｎ＝（）（Ａ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ＜１｝（Ｂ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ＜２｝（Ｃ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ≤１｝（Ｄ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ≤２｝２．已知函数ｆ（ｘ）＝２ｘ,则函数ｙ＝｜ｆ－１（ｘ－１...     

简单自反MTS（v,λ）的存在谱

一个Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｓｏｈｎ三元系ＭＴＳ（ｖ，λ）＝（Ｘ，Ｂ）被称作是自反的，如果它与它的逆（Ｘ，Ｂ＾－１）是同构的，其中Ｂ＾－１＝｛（ｚ，ｙ，ｘ）；（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）∈Ｂ｝。在「２」中已给出了简单自反ＭＴＳ（ｖ，１）的存在谱。     

ON THE NON-EXISTENCE OF LIMIT CYCLES OF CERTAIN QUADRATIC SYSTEMS

§１．Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｘ＝－ｙ＋δｘ＋ｌｘ２＋ｎｙ２＝Ｐ（ｘ，ｙ），ｙ＝ｘ（１＋ａｘ－ｙ）＝Ｑ（ｘ，ｙ），｛（１．１）ｗｅｃａｎｆｉｎｄｉｎ［１］ｔｈｅｆｏｌｏｗｉｎｇ：ＣｏｎｊｅｃｔｕｒｅＩ．Ａｓｓｕｍｅ１ａ＜０，ｎ＞１，ｎ＋ｌ＞０，ｎａ２...     

Extreme values of the sum of squares of degrees of bipartite graphs

In this paper we determine the minimum and maximum values of the sum of squares of degrees of bipartite graphs with a given number of vertices and edges.     

Estimation of the number of components of finite mixtures of multivariate distributions

An estimator of the number of components of a finite mixture ofk-dimensional distributions is given on the basis of a one-dimensional independent random sample obtained by a transformation of ak-dimensional independent random sample. A consistency of the estimator is shown. Some simulation results are given in a case of finite mixtures of two-dimensional normal distributions.     

Eigenvector p-Bases of Rings of Constants of Derivations

Let A be a UFD of characteristic p > 0, let 𝒵 be a set of some eigenvectors of a derivation of A. We prove, under some additional assumptions, a necessary and sufficient condition for 𝒵 to be a p-basis of the minimal ring of constants containing 𝒵. The main preparatory result is the unique decomposition theorem with respect to a factor from a given subalgebra containing A^p.     

Galois Structure of K-Groups of Rings of Integers

N/Kbe a Galois extension of number fields with finite Galois group G.We describe a new approach for constructing invariants of the G-module structure of the K groups of the ring of integers of N in the Grothendieck group of finitely generated projective Z[G]modules. In various cases we can relate these classes, and their function field counterparts, to the root number class of Fröhlich and Cassou-Noguès.     

有资格限制的指派问题的求解方法

在实际的指派工作中，常会遇到某个人有没有资格去承担某项工作的问题，因此，本建立了有资格限制的指派问题的数学模型。在此数学模型中，将效益矩阵转化为判定矩阵，由此给出了判定此种指派问题是否有解的方法；在有解的情况下，进一步将效益矩阵转化为求解矩阵，从而将有资格限制的指派问题化为传统的指派问题来求解。最后给出了一个数值例子来说明这样的处理方法是有效的。     

Number of connected components of groups of real points of adjoint groups

We present a unified approach to compute the number of connected components in the group of real points of adjoint almost simple real algebraic groups.     

Radius of convexity of certain classes of analytic functions

We consider the classes of analytic functions introduced recently by K.I. Noor which are defined by conditions joining ideas of close-to-convex and of bounded boundary rotation functions. We investigate coefficients estimates and radii of convexity.     

On Sums of Coefficients of Products of Polynomials

We study the nilpotency of the sums of all coefficients of some sorts of products of polynomials over reversible, IFP, and NI rings, and introduce an SCN ring as a generalization. We characterize SCN rings in relation with related ring properties, and also provide several useful properties and ring extensions of SCN rings.     

Convergence of sequences of sets of associated primes

It is a well-known result of M. Brodmann that if is an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring , then the set of associated primes of the -th power of is constant for all large . This paper is concerned with the following question: given a prime ideal of which is known to be in for all large integers , can one identify a term of the sequence beyond which will subsequently be an ever-present? This paper presents some results about convergence of sequences of sets of associated primes of graded components of finitely generated graded modules over a standard positively graded commutative Noetherian ring; those results are then applied to the above question.