Fatty acids from the Okhotsk sea sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Forcepia uschakowi</Emphasis>

The fatty-acid (FA) composition of total lipids from the Okhotsk sea marine sponge Forcepia uschakowi was studied. A total of 56 acids were identified by GC and GC—MS. The principal saturated acids were 16∶0 and 18∶0. The main monoene acid was 15-Me-24∶1(14), which was observed for the first time in sponge lipids. Polyunsaturated acids represented of 64.1% of the total FA of F. uschakowi. Of these, the principal ones were non-methylene-separated acids 26∶2(5,9) and 26∶3(5,9,19), which are typical of sponges, and bromo-acid 6-Br-26∶2(5,9). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 422–424, September–October, 2007.     

Lipids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crambe amabilis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. kotschyana</Emphasis> seeds grown with saline irrigation water

Lipids from Crambe amabilis Butk. et Majlun and C. kotschyana Boiss. grown in the open in Uzbekistan in soil imported from the Aral Sea region were studied. It was found that the seed oil content decreased with increasing salinity of irrigation water with EC 1.5 up to 9.0 dS/m. The content of polar lipids increased. The content of unsaturated acids from C. amabilis neutral lipids was 94.74–97.46%; C. kotschyana, 95.76– 96.78%.     

Neutral lipids from seeds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cercis siliquastrum,Sapium sebiferum</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Koelreuteria paniculata</Emphasis>

The chemical composition of neutral lipids from seeds of Cercis siliquastrum, Sapium sebiferum, and Koelreuteria paniculata were studied. Characteristic features of their individual classes were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 318–319, July–August, 2007     

Influence of irrigation-water salinity on lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crambe abyssinica</Emphasis> seeds

Lipids of Crambe abyssinica Hochst (Brassicaceae) seeds grown in hothouses in Israel and in the open in Uzbekistan in soil imported from the Aral Sea region were studied. It was found that the seed oil content decreased as the irrigation-water salinity increased. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids of neutral lipids was in the range 91.31–94.81%; of polar lipids, 69.59–83.78%.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> tubers

Free and bound lipids from Helianthus tuberosus tubers were investigated. Neutral, glyco-and phospholipid classes and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The composition of unsaponified substances was established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–4, January–February, 2008.     

Lipids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halostachys caspica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halocharis hispida</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids from the aerial parts of two species of halophytes from the family Chenopodiaceae, Halostachys caspica C. A. Mey. and Halocharis hispida Bge. was determined. Neutral lipids (NL, 62.1 and 54.2%, respectively) dominated the total lipids (TL) of these plants. More than a third of the NL were esters of aliphatic alcohols and phytosterols (FAE). Fatty acids 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 dominated the acids of FAE; 16:0, 18:1, and 18:3, the phospholipids. The principal fatty acids of glycolipids were unsaturated acids (68.3 and 75.1%) with linolenic acid dominating (44.9 and 43.5%). Presented at the 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Tashkent, October 16–18, 2007. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 276–278, May–June, 2009.     

Lipids from the sand dollar <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scaphechinus mirabilis</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids and their fatty acids in tissues of scalp, gonads, and internal organs of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was determined using one-and two-dimensional TLC and GC-MS. Lipids of S. mirabilis scalp consisting of several neutral and phospholipids were characterized for the first time. A significant quantity of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) was found in scalp lipids. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 320–323, July–August, 2007.     

Mixed conductivity and stability of A-site-deficient Sr(Fe,Ti)O<Subscript>3–δ</Subscript> perovskites

Deficiency in the A sublattice of perovskite-type Sr_{1– y} Fe_0.8Ti_0.2O_3–δ (y=0–0.06) leads to suppression of oxygen-vacancy ordering and to increasing oxygen ionic conductivity, unit cell volume, thermal expansion, and stability in CO₂-containing atmospheres. The total electrical conductivity, predominantly p-type electronic in air, decreases with increasing A-site deficiency at 300–700 K and is essentially independent of the cation vacancy concentration at higher temperatures. Oxygen ion transference numbers for Sr_{1– y} Fe_0.8Ti_0.2O_3–δ in air, estimated from the faradaic efficiency and oxygen permeation data, vary in the range from 0.002 to 0.015 at 1073–1223 K, increasing with temperature. The maximum ionic conductivity was observed for Sr_0.97Fe_0.8Ti_0.2O_3–δ ceramics. In the system Sr_0.97Fe_{1– x} Ti _x O_3–δ (x=0.1–0.6), thermal expansion and electron-hole conductivity both decrease with x. Moderate additions of titanium (up to 20%) in Sr_0.97(Fe,Ti)O_3–δ result in higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy for ionic transport, owing to disordering in the oxygen sublattice; further doping decreases the ionic conduction. It was shown that time degradation of the oxygen permeability, characteristic of Sr(Fe,Ti)O_3–δ membranes and resulting from partial ordering processes, can be reduced by cycling of the oxygen pressure at the membrane permeate side. Thermal expansion coefficients of Sr_{1– y} Ti_{1– x} Fe _x O_3–δ (x=0.10–0.60, y=0–0.06) in air are in the range (11.7–16.5)×10^–6 K^–1 at 350–750 K and (16.6–31.1)×10^–6 K^–1 at 750–1050 K. Electronic Publication     

Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, and the Betaine Lipid DGTS from the Aquatic Fern Salvinia natans

Fatty acids, total lipids, phospholipids, and the betaine lipid DGTS in aerial and underwater leaves and sori of the aquatic fern Salvinia natans were investigated. Lipid compositions from various parts (organs) of the fern were different. The distributions of polar lipids and fatty acids in various organs were discussed. Special attention was paid to the DGTS-forming capability of this fern. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 399–402, September–October, 2005.     

Chemotypical Variability of Leaf Oils in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elephantopus scaber</Emphasis> from 12 Locations in China

The chemical constituents of leaf oils of Elephantopus scaber L. from 12 locations in Southern China, including three provinces and Hong Kong, were investigated using GC/MS. A total of 24 compounds were detected, of which 20 were identified by their mass spectra fragmentation patterns. The major compounds include hexadecanoic acid (8.19–39.22%), octadecadienoic acid (trace - 29.22%), five alkane homologues, i.e., n-tetradecane (1.19–5.26%), n-pentadecane (3.22–12.05%), n-hexadecane (2.38–16.26%), n-heptadecane (2.48–15.32%), and n-octadecane (1.39–9.59%), as well as tetramethylhexadecenol (2.06–4.31%). Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the leaf oils into two groups. Two main chemotypes of leaf oils in E. scaber were thus identified, one rich in hexadecanoic acid and octadecadienoic acid, and the other rich in the five alkane homologues. __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii No. 5, pp. 403–404, September–October, 2005.     

Triterpene glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astragalus</Emphasis> and their genins. LXXVI. Glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. sieversianus</Emphasis>

Nine compounds including six cycloartane glycosides cyclosieversiosides A, B, F, G, and H and astrasieversianin IX; β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol β-D-glucopyranoside, and D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol were isolated and identified from roots of Astragalus sieversianus Pall. (Leguminosae) growing in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Presented at the 6th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Ankara, Turkey, June 28–29, 2005. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 253–256, May–June, 2008.     

New oligomeric proanthocyanidin glycosides platanoside-A and platanoside-B from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platanus orientalis</Emphasis> trunk bark

Two new oligomeric proanthocyanidin glycosides were isolated from trunk bark of Platanus orientalis. Their structures and relative configurations were found to be 7-O-β-D-Glcp-(–)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-(–)-epicatechin(4β-8)-(–)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (platanoside-A) and 7-O-β-D-Glc \textp\xrightarrow6 {\text{p}}\xrightarrow{6} galloyl-(+)-catechin-3-O-gallate(4α-8)-(–)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β-8)-(–)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β-8)-5-O-β-D-Glcp-(–)epicatechin-3-O-gallate (platanoside-B).     

Sulfated steroid glycosides from the Viet Namese starfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Linckia laevigata</Emphasis>

Five sulfated steriodal compounds including one new glycoside called linckoside L7 (1) and four previously known glycosides 2–5 were isolated from the starfish Linckia laevigata. The structure sodium (22E, 24R)-3-O-(2-O-methyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-29-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-24-ethylcholest-4,22-dien-3β,6β,8,15α,16β,29-hexaol 15-O-sulfate was proposed for L7. Linckoside L7 inhibited fertilization and egg-cell development in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 64–67, January–February, 2007.     

Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of fixed oils from algerian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nigella sativa</Emphasis> seeds

The fatty acids, sterols, and polyphenols from the fixed oils of Nigella sativa seeds originating from four locations were determined. The seeds contained respectively 30.63–34.27% and 25.66–32.77% of fixed oils using hexane and isopropyl alcohol in solvent extraction. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids formed the main proportion using the two solvents, respectively: hexane 54.47–61.28%, isopropanol 56.98–67.30%; hexane 19.62–22.94%, isopropanol 18.85–21.96%, and hexane 11.17–13.60%, isopropanol 9.20–14.18%. Other minor unsaturated fatty acids were identified. Eight phytosterols were isolated and identified in the fixed oils by GC and GC/MS analysis, wherein β-sitosterol was the dominating compound that inhibits the absorption of dietary cholesterol, followed by stigmasterol, campesterol, and Δ⁵-avenasterol.     

Triterpene Glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astragalus</Emphasis> and Their Genins. LXXI. Cycloorbicoside D,a New Glycoside from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astragalus orbiculatus</Emphasis>

The new cycloartane glycoside cycloorbicoside D, which has the structure 23ξ,24ξ-cycloartan-3β6α,16β,23,24,25-hexaol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, was isolated from the aerial part of Astragalus orbiculatus Ledeb. (Leguminosae). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 345–346, July–August, 2005.     

Cage Structure Formation of Singly Doped Aluminum Cluster Cations Al<Subscript><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">n</Emphasis></Subscript><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">TM</Emphasis><Superscript>+</Superscript> (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">TM</Emphasis> = Ti,V, Cr)

Structural information on free transition metal doped aluminum clusters, Al _n TM ⁺ (TM = Ti, V, Cr), was obtained by studying their ability for argon physisorption. Systematic size (n = 5 – 35) and temperature (T = 145 – 300 K) dependent investigations reveal that bare Al _n ⁺ clusters are inert toward argon, while Al _n TM ⁺ clusters attach one argon atom up to a critical cluster size. This size is interpreted as the geometrical transition from surface-located dopant atoms to endohedrally doped aluminum clusters with the transition metal atom residing in an aluminum cage. The critical size, n _crit , is found to be surprisingly large, namely n _crit = 16 and n _crit = 19 – 21 for TM = V, Cr, and TM = Ti, respectively. Experimental cluster–argon bond dissociation energies have been derived as function of cluster size from equilibrium mass spectra and are in the 0.1–0.3 eV range.     

Glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stevia rebaudiana</Emphasis>

A new laboratory method for isolating the glycosides stevioside and rebaudiosides A and C from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana was proposed. According to HPLC, the glycoside contents in plants grown in Russia (Voronezh Oblast’) and Ukraine (Crimea) were 5–6% (stevioside) and 0.3–1.3% (rebaudiosides A and C). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 68–71, January–February, 2007     

Influence of solvent structure on the aquation of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">trans</Emphasis>-[Ru(3-MePy)<Subscript>4</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>] complex in mixed aqueous solvents

The kinetics of the solvolytic aquation of trans-[Ru (3-Me Py)₄Cl₂] was studied spectrophotometrically in water – isopropanol in the range (30–90% v/v), and water acetonitrile in the range (10–70% v/v), and in the temperature range 50–65 °C. Plots of log k versus the reciprocal of the relative permittivity and Grunwald–Winstien gave non-linear plots. This non-linearity is derived from a large differential effect of solvent structure between the initial and transition states. The plot of log k versus water concentration was also non linear; evidence for the presence of a S _N ¹ mechanism. However, extrema in the variation of enthalpy ΔH* and entropy ΔS* of activation correlate well with the extrema in physical properties of the mixtures which are related to changes in solvent structure. Linear plots of ΔH* versus ΔS* were obtained and the iso- kinetic temperature indicates that the reaction is entropy controlled.     

Heat capacity and heat content of BiNb<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>14</Subscript>

The heat capacity and the heat content of bismuth niobate BiNb₅O₁₄ were measured by the relaxation time method, DSC and drop method, respectively. The temperature dependence of heat capacity in the form C _pm=455.84+0.06016T–7.7342·10⁶/T ² (J K^–1 mol^–1) was derived by the least squares method from the experimental data. Furthermore, the standard molar entropy at 298.15 K S _m=397.17 J K^–1 mol^–1 was derived from the low temperature heat capacity measurement.     

Triterpene glucosides of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astragalus</Emphasis> and their genins. LXXIV. Cyclotrisectoside,the first trisdesmoside of cyclocephalogenin

The two trisdesmoside cycloartane glycosides astragaloside VII and cyclotrisectoside were isolated from Astragalus dissectus (Leguminosae) and identified. The latter was 20R,25-epoxy-24S-cycloartan-3β,6α,16β,24-tetraol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-6,24-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and was a new natural compound. Presented at the Sixth International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Turkey, Ankara, 28–29 June 2005). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 132–134, March–April, 2007.