稠密等离子体表面不稳定性的入射光偏振态效应

用二维粒子模拟程序研究了相对论强激光和稠密等离子体相互作用引起的表面不稳定。数值模拟表明,在s偏振光作用下,等离子体表面出现了类瑞利泰勒不稳定性。形成的不稳定结构随时间发展进一步深入到等离子体内部,最终使等离子体密度形成分层泡状结构,并向前传播。这种不稳定的产生与初始等离子体密度有密切关系,在高于20倍临界密度等离子体的表面没有明显观察到这种不稳定。在p偏振激光作用下,等离子体表面不能明显地形成这种结构。因此在三维几何结构下,这种等离子体表面不稳定性将呈现各向异性。这种表面不稳定将直接影响高次谐波产生和离子加速效率。     

Parametric resonance of truncated conical shells rotating at periodically varying angular speed

Parametric resonance of a truncated conical shell rotating at periodically varying angular speed is studied in this paper. Based upon the Love?s thin shell theory and generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method, the equations of motion of a rotating conical shell are derived. The time-dependent rotating speed is assumed to be a small and sinusoidal perturbation superimposed upon a constant speed. Considering the periodically rotating speed, the conical shell system is a parametric excited system of the Mathieu–Hill type. The improved Hill?s method is utilized for parametric instability analysis. Both the primary and combination instability regions for various natural modes and boundary conditions are obtained numerically. The effects of relative amplitude and constant part of periodically rotating speed and cone angle on the instability regions are discussed in detail. It is shown that for the natural mode with lower circumferential wavenumber, only the primary instability regions exist. With the increasing circumferential wavenumber, the instability widths are reduced significantly and the combination instability region might appear. The results for different boundary conditions are substantially similar. Increasing the constant rotating speed (or cone angle) all lead to the movements of instability regions and the appearance of combination instability region. The former will cause the instability width increasing, while the latter will reduce the instability width. The variation of length-to-radius ratio only causes the movements of instability regions.     

Electrostatic instability of a heavily charged conducting liquid jet

The effect of electric charge on the jet surface on the capillary instability of the jet and its disintegration into drops is analyzed. A theoretical explanation is given for the electrostatic mechanism of instability development and jet disintegration that is akin to the mechanisms behind the instability of a heavily charged drop (Rayleigh instability) and flat uniformly charged liquid surface (Tonks-Frenkel instability) but differs qualitatively from the conventional capillary mechanism of instability and disintegration.     

Essence of Inviscid Shear Instability: a Point View of Vortex Dynamics

The essence of shear instability is reviewed both mathematically and physically, which extends the instability theory of a sheet vortex from the viewpoint of vortex dynamics. For this, the Kelvin-Arnol＇d theorem is retrieved in linear context, i.e., the stable flow minimizes the kinetic energy associated with vorticity. Then the mechanism of shear instability is explored by combining the mechanisms of both Kelvin Helmholtz instability （K-H instability） and resonance of waves. The waves, which have the same phase speed with the concentrated vortex, have interactions with the vortex to trigger the instability. The physical explanation of shear instability is also sketched by extending Batchelor＇s theory. These results should lead to a more comprehensive understanding on shear instabilities.     

自然循环过冷沸腾流动不稳定性的实验研究

本文以氟里昂作工质，对自然循环过冷沸腾流动不稳定性进行了实验研究．实验过程中发现自然循环系统内可能发生高频脉动和低频脉动二种类型的过冷沸腾流动不稳定性．通过实验研究揭示了这二种类型流动不稳定性的发生机理，证实高频脉动属于声波型脉动，低频脉动属于密度波型脉动．通过实验得出了判断系统稳定性的界限，并使用积分方程无因次分析方法得出了预测密度波型流动不稳定性的经验公式．     

Influence of deformations before instability on the parametric instability of conical shells under periodic pressure

On the basis of the dynamic version of linear Donnell type equations and with deformations before instability taken into account, the dynamic instability of clamped, truncated conical shells under periodic pressure is analyzed. The principal instability regions are determined by combining Bolotin's method and a finite difference procedure. Calculations are carried out for two kinds of conical shell. The effect of bending deformations before instability is found to change the width of the principal instability regions in the vicinities of twice the natural frequencies of asymmetric vibration. Other principal instability regions are detected in the neighborhoods of the resonances of symmetrically forced vibrations.     

Dissipative Instability of Shock Waves

A new condition is obtained for the linear instability of a plane front of an intense shock wave in an arbitrary medium, which is determined by the finiteness of the viscosity. It is shown that the shock front instability occurs due to dissipative instability of the flow behind the front, which is analogous to the flow instability in the boundary layer. It is found that in the low-viscosity limit, one-dimensional longitudinal perturbations increase much faster than two-dimensional (corrugation) perturbations. The results are compared with the available data of experimental observation and numerical simulation of instability of shock waves. The comparison shows a better agreement between the new absolute shock instability as compared to the condition of such instability in the classical D’yakov theory disregarding viscosity.     

离子束-等离子体系统的电磁不稳定性

本文研究了离子束-等离子体系统的电磁不稳定性,考虑了离子-电子和离子-离子碰撞对维泊耳(Weibel)型电磁不稳定性增长率的影响。结果表明,在离子束-等离子体系统中可以激发维泊耳型电磁不稳定性,离子和电子之间的碰撞将使这类不稳定性的增长率增加。     

The Radial-Azimut ha1 Inst ability of an Isothermal Magnetized Accretion Disk

The radial-azimuthal instability of an isothermal magnetized accretion disk is examined in this paper. We find that the azimuthal perturbation enhances the instability of the magneto-acoustic and non-axisymmetric modes. The magnetic field induces and enhances the instability of magneto-acoustic modes, but stabilizes the non-axisymmetric modes in the outer disk. The viscous modes are always stable. The instability of magneto-acoustic modes are dominant in this disk.     

Upstream ionization instability associated with a current-free double layer

A low frequency instability has been observed using various electrostatic probes in a low-pressure expanding helicon plasma. The instability is associated with the presence of a current-free double layer (DL). The frequency of the instability increases linearly with the potential drop of the DL, and simultaneous measurements show their coexistence. A theory for an upstream ionization instability has been developed, which shows that electrons accelerated through the DL increase the ionization upstream and are responsible for the observed instability. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

离子通道摇摆电子束流激发的纵向慢波不稳定性

考虑相对论电子束入射等离子体所产生的离子通道的具体结构,利用线性电磁流体力学理论对离子通道摇摆电子束激发的纵向慢波电磁不稳定性进行研究.通过对导出的系统色散关系的数值分析,给出了系统中电磁波、空间电荷波以及两者在一定条件下互作用形成的电磁-静电混合模式的传播特性.研究发现系统在慢波区域存在电磁不稳定性,并揭示此慢波不稳定性是由电子束的betatron振荡所导致,且系统的不稳定性程度与betatron振动频率密切相关.对betatron振荡激发的慢波电磁不稳定性物理机理进行了分析,并给出了不稳定性存在的条件 关键词： 离子通道 betatron振荡 电磁不稳定性     

Dynamical parametric instability of carbon nanotubes under axial harmonic excitation by nonlocal continuum theory

Structures under parametric load can be induced to the parametric instability in which the excitation frequency is located the instability region. In the present work, the parametric instability of double-walled carbon nanotubes is studied. The axial harmonic excitation is considered and the nonlocal continuum theory is applied. The critical equation is derived as the Mathieu form by the Galerkin's theory and the instability condition is presented with the Bolotin's method. Numerical calculations are performed and it can be seen that the van der Waals interaction can enhance the stability of double-walled nanotubes under the parametric excitation. The parametric instability becomes more obvious with the matrix stiffness decreasing and small scale coefficient increasing. The parametric instability is going to be more significant for higher mode numbers. For the nanosystem with the soft matrix and higher mode number, the small scale coefficient and the ratio of the length to the diameter have obvious influences on the starting point of the instability region.     

Hydrodynamic instability in ohmic regimes with imperfect electric membranes

The transition to overlimiting currents directly from prelimiting regimes bypassing the limitingcurrent stage is considered for imperfect electric membranes. The hydrodynamic instability of the onedimensional equilibrium state, which is a result of the balance between diffusion and electromigration, is investigated. The influence of volume and surface effects on instability and the transition to overlimiting currents is estimated under variation of the membrane selectivity. It is found that the dominating mechanism of instability is destabilization of the residual space charge. The fact of the replacement of monotonic instability by vibratory instability with a vibration frequency of about 50?300 Hz has been discovered.     

Magnetoacoustic wave instability in accelerating plasmas

A new instability associated with the magnetosonic waves in an accelerating inhomogeneous plasma is presented. The instability is similar to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.     

Effect of geometrical parameters on thermo-acoustic instability of downward propagating flames in tubes

Experiments and theoretical analysis are presented to clarify the effect of geometrical parameters on thermo-acoustic instability of downward propagating flames in tubes. The experiments reveal that the longer tubes have higher instability compared to shorter tubes and the lower diameter tubes have higher instability compared to higher diameter tubes. The secondary instability leading to turbulent burning is found to be more sensitive to change in geometrical parameters compared to primary instability (oscillating flat flame). The secondary instability is re-stabilized for some intermediate burning velocity conditions even though lower and higher burning velocity conditions show secondary instability. The appearance of such re-stabilization is only observed for some specific lengths of the tube. Present experimental observations pertaining to the effect of geometrical parameters is found to be contradicting the theoretical predictions based on pressure coupling mechanism. To clear the underlying mechanism, analytical growth rate is computed considering velocity coupling mechanism. The computed growth rates correctly predict the effect of geometrical parameters on thermo-acoustic instability of downward propagating flames. This work provides further evidence to believe that the flame -acoustic coupling in downward propagating flames is due to flame area modulation (leading to heat release modulation) through action of acoustic acceleration.     

On diffraction and dispersion effect on three wave interaction

The effect of diffraction and dispersion on three wave coupling is investigated. The instability leading to space modulation of packets is obtained. This instability and its nonlinear stage is similar to modulational instability of quasimonochromatic waves. The localized structures (solitons and waveguide) can be a result of the instability. We demonstrate that one-dimensional and two-dimensional such structures are unstable. The existence of stable three-dimensional solitons is shown.     

Selkov模型不同扩散和流速下非Turing不稳定化学反应机制

建立了Selkov模型中间反应物具有不同扩散和不同流速条件下的反应 扩散 流动方程 ,理论分析了非Turing不稳定形成的条件 ,求得其参数区间 ,对Andresen的结论作了拓展 .研究还发现 ,在振荡Hopf区域之外 ,静止波动 (空间周期结构FDS)仍然可以存在 .因而 ,此结构存在的参数空间大于Andresen的结果 .同时 ,还将此种不稳定参数区间与Turing不稳定和差速流动引起不稳定 (DIFI)的结果进行了比较 ,结果发现静态FDS值总是处于DIFI临界曲线相应的最小值之上 ,这表明动力学机制是由DIFI不稳定造成的 ,DIFI不稳定区是产生静止波FDS不稳定结构的必要条件     

Resistive drift instability and Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a dusty plasma

The resistive drift instability and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability are studied self-consistently in a magnetized inhomogeneous dusty plasma. The effect of grain charge fluctuations is taken into consideration. It is found that the presence of the dust grains in the plasma can significantly affect the resistive drift instability but less significantly the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Further, the grain charge fluctuation has a tendency to stabilize both instabilities.     

大气重力波产生中纬电离层不均匀体的理论

研究中纬电高层Ｆ区大尺度不均匀休的基本性质及其与大气重力波的关系。分析了等离子体Ｐｅｒｋｉｎｓ不稳定性的非线性发展，发现这种不稳定性饱和在很小的幅度上。讨论了Ｐｅｒｋｉｎｓ不稳定性与重力波的耦合，表明重力波能触发中纬电离层Ｆ区等离子体不稳定性。由重力波触发的等离子体不稳定性可能演变成大幅度的波形结构，空间和时间调制的不均匀体理论揭示了大尺度中纬电离层不均匀体的产生机制。 关键词：     

激光等离子体不稳定性的入射光强度效应

用3维粒子模拟程序研究了相对论强激光和高密度等离子体相互作用引起的电磁不稳定。数值模拟表明,在线偏振强激光作用下,等离子体表面出现了电磁不稳定性。形成的不稳定结构随时间发展和激光功率密度的增加进一步深入到等离子体内部,最终使等离子体表面处激发饱和自生磁场。这种由电子速度各向异性而产生的自生磁场对激光有质动力推开电子时所形成的电子热流产生抑制作用,并将直接影响电子加速效率。