B助剂对Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂结构及其加氢脱硫性能的影响

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体, 磷酸氢二铵为磷源, 硝酸镍为镍源, 硼酸为硼源, 采用共浸渍法制备了B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂前驱体, 然后采用程序升温氢气还原法, 制备了n_P/n_Ni=0.8, B含量为0.35%-2.10%(w)的一系列B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)等表征技术对催化剂的结构进行了研究, 以1%(w)二苯并噻吩(DBT)/十氢萘溶液为模型化合物, 在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价. 结果表明, B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂仍具有介孔结构, Ni₂P为主要的活性物相. 适量B助剂的加入可促使Ni₂P晶粒减小, 催化剂比表面积增加. 此外, 随着B含量的增加, B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂的总酸量也增加. 当反应压力为3.0 MPa, 反应温度由300 ℃升高至360 ℃时, B含量对Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂活性有明显的影响, B含量为1.40%(w)的B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂加氢脱硫活性最高. B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂上二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫的反应机理以直接脱硫为主.     

Co-Ni2P/SBA-15/Cordierite整体式催化剂的制备及其二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能

用共浸渍法制备了Co-Ni2P/SBA-15前躯体,将其调制成活性胶后均匀涂覆到预处理后的堇青石载体上,程序升温还原后制备了一系列Co-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用XRD、N2吸脱附和XPS等对催化剂进行了表征,以1 wt%二苯并噻吩(DBT)/十氢萘溶液为模型化合物,在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,不同Co含量的Co-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂中都形成了Ni2P相。Co的加入提高Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石催化剂的比表面积和孔体积。Co含量为0.55wt%的Co-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂有最好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫活性,在380℃,二苯并噻吩转化率能够达到98.8%。Co的加入能够提高二苯并噻吩直接加氢脱硫产物联苯的选择性。     

Ni/Fe物质的量的比对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质和二硝基甲苯加氢活性的影响

采用Fe粉置换氯化镍溶液中的Ni²⁺制备了Ni-Fe催化剂, 并应用于催化二硝基甲苯加氢合成甲苯二胺的反应中。运用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H₂-TPD、XPS和TEM等技术手段对不同Ni/Fe物质的量的比(n_Ni/n_Fe)下催化剂进行了表征。结果表明, n_Ni/n_Fe对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质影响显著。当n_Ni/n_Fe为1:4时, Fe抑制Ni氧化的作用达到最大, Ni-Fe催化剂化学氢吸附量和活性物种Ni的分散度分别达到了0.16 mmol·g^-1和23%, 催化剂性能得到较大的提升。在优化的催化剂制备条件下, DNT(二硝基甲苯)的转化率和TDA(甲苯二胺)的选择性分别达到了~100%和99%。另外, 对Ni-Zn漆原镍(Urushibara Ni)催化剂和Ni-Fe催化剂催化DNT加氢反应进程进行了研究, 发现它们有相同的加氢中间产物, 但反应不同阶段的催化速率存在差异。     

Ni/Fe物质的量的比对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质和二硝基甲苯加氢活性的影响

采用Fe粉置换氯化镍溶液中的Ni²⁺制备了Ni-Fe催化剂,并应用于催化二硝基甲苯加氢合成甲苯二胺的反应中。运用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H₂-TPD、XPS和TEM等技术手段对不同Ni/Fe物质的量的比(n_Ni/n_Fe)下催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,n_Ni/n_Fe对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质影响显著。当n_Ni/n_Fe为1:4时,Fe抑制Ni氧化的作用达到最大,Ni-Fe催化剂化学氢吸附量和活性物种Ni的分散度分别达到了0.16 mmol·g^-1和23%,催化剂性能得到较大的提升。在优化的催化剂制备条件下,DNT(二硝基甲苯)的转化率和TDA(甲苯二胺)的选择性分别达到了~100%和99%。另外,对Ni-Zn漆原镍(Urushibara Ni)催化剂和Ni-Fe催化剂催化DNT加氢反应进程进行了研究,发现它们有相同的加氢中间产物,但反应不同阶段的催化速率存在差异。     

WxC-MCM-48催化剂的合成、表征及加氢脱硫催化性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂，仲钨酸铵为钨源，采用水热晶化法一步合成了不同钨含量(以Si、W物质的量比n_Si/n_W表示)的WO₃-MCM-48，然后经甲烷/氢气(V/V=1/4)混和气体程序升温还原碳化(TPC)，制备出了W_xC-MCM-48(x=1、2)催化剂，采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃-TPD对样品的结构进行了表征，用噻吩作为模型化合物，对W_xC-MCM-48催化剂的加氢脱硫催化活性进行了评价。结果表明，在一定钨含量的条件下，WO₃-MCM-48和W_xC-MCM-48样品仍然保持MCM-48的三维立方有序介孔结构，n_Si/n_W=30～15时，碳化钨的物相为W₂C；n_Si/n_W=7.5时，碳化钨为W₂C和WC物相，W_xC-MCM-48催化剂表现出了良好的加氢脱硫催化性能。     

TiO2柱撑海泡石负载Ni2P的噻吩加氢脱硫性能

以氢氧化镍为镍源, 亚磷酸为磷源, TiO₂柱撑海泡石(Ti-Sep)为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了含磷化镍前驱体的样品, 然后采用程序升温还原法制备了Ni质量分数(w)为5%-25%的Ni₂P/Ti-Sep催化剂, 并考察了其噻吩加氢脱硫性能. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、热重分析(TGA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对催化剂样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 海泡石经TiO₂柱撑之后层间距增大, 比表面积和孔容都明显变大, 热稳定性增强, 活性组分Ni₂P能很好地分散在海泡石层间及表面, 并且没有破坏海泡石的层状结构. 上述原因导致Ni₂P/Ti-Sep催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫活性明显优于Ni₂P/Na-Sep(NaCl改性海泡石)和Ni₂P/HCl-Sep(HCl改性海泡石)催化剂. 当Ni负载量为15% (w)时, Ni₂P/Ti-Sep催化剂具有最好的噻吩加氢脱硫性能; 在反应温度为400℃时, 噻吩转化率达100%.     

Ni-Fe/4A分子筛催化剂可控制备大内径碳纳米管

以乙醇为碳源,Ni-Fe/4A分子筛为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法制备大内径碳纳米管(LIDCNTs)。研究了Ni/Fe的物质的量比(n_Ni∶n_Fe)、碳纳米管(CNTs)的制备温度、催化剂的煅烧温度和4A分子筛载体对CNTs内径的影响。采用TEM、SEM、XRD和BET对LIDCNTs和还原后的催化剂进行了分析。结果显示,LIDCNTs的内径随着CNTs的制备温度、催化剂的煅烧温度的升高和n_Ni∶<     

Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的结构及加氢脱硫性能

以硝酸镍为镍源, 磷酸氢二铵为磷源, 介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体, 用共浸渍法制备了含磷化镍前驱体的样品, 然后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法, 制备了Ni2P质量分数为5%-40%的Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等分析测试技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征, 以噻吩和二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物, 在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价. 结果表明, Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂中SBA-15 的介孔结构依然存在, 活性组分Ni2P具有良好的分散性, 但随Ni2P含量的增加, 催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径均有明显减小. 当反应温度为320 ℃时, Ni2P含量为15%-25%(w)的催化剂就具有很好的加氢脱硫催化性能; 反应温度在360 ℃以上时, 所有催化剂都具有优异的深度脱硫催化性能. Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫(HDS)主要以直接脱硫机理(DDS)进行.     

Ni掺杂的Cu-ZnO催化剂甘油加氢反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了Ni掺杂的Cu-ZnO催化剂,采用多种物理化学手段研究了其化学物理性质及甘油加氢制取1,2-丙二醇反应催化性能。结果发现,金属Ni助剂的引入可以进一步优化Ni-Cu-ZnO催化剂的甘油加氢生成1, 2-丙二醇的反应活性。少量金属Ni的加入,Ni-Cu-ZnO催化剂的甘油转化率变化不大,生成1, 2-丙二醇的选择性明显增加。而进一步增加Ni含量到n_Ni/n_Cu=0.5,Ni含量过高会导致Ni-Cu-ZnO催化剂中实际Cu原子的量减少,从而导致甘油转化率下降。Ni掺杂的Cu-ZnO催化剂甘油加氢性能稳定性较好,在反应102 h后没有明显变化。     

ZrCdOx/SAPO-18双功能催化剂催化CO2加氢合成低碳烯烃性能

采用并流共沉淀法制备了不同Zr/Cd原子比（n_Zr/n_Cd）的ZrCdO_x金属氧化物，并与水热法制备的不同硅铝比（n_SiO2/n_{Al2O3）的片状SAPO-18分子筛物理混合制得ZrCdOx/SAPO-18双功能催化剂，研究了其催化CO2加氢直接合成低碳烯烃性能。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、N2吸附-脱附、CO2程序升温脱附（CO2-TPD）、NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂进行了分析。与单一ZrO2相比，引入CdO使得ZrCdOx比表面积下降，当nZr/nCd=8时制备的Zr8Cd1氧化物呈现出无定形小颗粒状，Zr与Cd之间较强的协同作用使得ZrCdOx氧化物产生了更多的氧空位，有利于CO2的吸附活化。通过对Zr8Cd1金属氧化物与SAPO-18（硅铝比0.1）的质量比、工艺反应温度、压力和空速对催化性能影响的考察，获得了最佳反应条件。研究还发现，当SAPO-18的硅铝比从0.1降为0.01时，Brø；nsted酸含量降低，产物中烯烃/烷烃物质的量之比从18.6提高至37.2，但副产物CO含量迅速增加，低碳烯烃时空收率明显下降。}     

Preparation,characterization and hydrodesulfurization performances of Co-Ni_2P/SBA-15 catalysts

A series of Co-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts with various Co contents, Ni2P contents and P/Ni molar ratios were prepared by impregnating nickel nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and then cobalt nitrate into SBA-15 support followed by temperature-programmed reduction in a H2 flow. The catalyst structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)and N2adsorption-desorption techniques and their catalytic performance of the hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) was evaluated. The effects of Co contents, Ni2 P contents and P/Ni molar ratios on the catalyst structure and HDS of DBT over the Co-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst were investigated. The results indicated that the mesoporous structure was mainly maintained and the nickel phosphides were well dispersed in all of the characterized catalysts. The 4Co-25Ni2P/SBA-15(P/Ni = 0.8) catalyst with the Co and Ni2 P contents of 4 wt% and25 wt%, respectively, and the P/Ni molar ratio of 0.8 showed the highest catalytic performance for HDS of DBT. Under the reaction conditions of 380?C and 3.0 MPa, the DBT conversion can reach 99.62%. The HDS of DBT proceeded mainly via the direct desulfurization(DDS)pathway with biphenyl(BP) as the dominant product on all of the catalysts and the BP selectivity was slightly enhanced after the introduction of Co promoters.     

柠檬酸络合法制备Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂及加氢脱硫性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,Ni组分采用柠檬酸(CA)配合法,制备了Ni2P质量含量为25%～45%、P/Ni为0.8、CA/Ni为0～1.5的一系列CA-Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂.利用XRD和N2吸脱附表征了催化剂结构,以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型硫合物,对催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价,考察了CA/Ni比对催化剂结构和反应性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂仍然保持有介孔结构,催化活性物相为Ni2P.反应温度为300～340℃时,Ni2P含量和CA/Ni比都对催化剂的性能有一定的影响,反应温度在360℃以上时,Ni2P含量和CA/Ni比对催化剂性能的影响不明显.Ni2P含量为35%、CA/Ni比为1.0的催化剂具有最好的HDS活性,DBT的转化率可达98%.     

Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的制备、表征及加氢脱硫催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15 为载体, 通过分步浸渍硝酸镍、磷酸氢二铵、钼酸铵, 然后在H₂气流下程序升温还原(H₂-TPR), 制备了一系列不同Mo 含量的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂. 采用X 射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂的结构进行了表征, 评价了催化剂对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性. 结果表明, Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂仍然保留有介孔结构, 催化剂的物相主要是Ni₂P. 催化剂表面的Ni 以Ni^δ+和Ni²⁺形式存在; P以P^δ-和P⁵⁺形式存在; Mo以Mo^δ+和Mo⁶⁺形式存在. Mo能促进催化性能的提高, 其中Mo含量为1% (w, 质量分数)的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂具有最好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性, 在反应温度为380 ℃, 反应压力为3.0 MPa的条件下, 二苯并噻吩的转化率可达99.03%, 所有考察的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15都以直接加氢脱硫(DDS)途径为主.     

Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1-xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5wt% to 20wt% as well as 10wt%Ni/10wt?xZn-xO2/SBA-15 (z=0, 0.5, 1) were prepared. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, TEM and BET techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts for steam reforming of methane were evaluated in a continuous flow microreactor. The results indicated that both the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts had good catalytic activities at atmospheric pressure. The 10wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited excellent stability at 800癈 for time on stream of 740 h. After the reaction, carbon deposits were not formed on the surface of the catalyst. There existed a regular hexagonal mesoporous structure in the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts. The nickel species and the CexZr1-xO2 component were all confined in the SBA-15 mesopores. The CexZr1-xO2 could promote dispersion of the nickel species in the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts.     

镧助剂对Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

以SBA-15为载体,Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为镍源,(NH4)2HPO4为磷源,制备了初始P/Ni比为0.8的Ni,P/SBA-15前驱体,然后添加La助剂,再经过干燥、焙烧和程序升温氧气还原,制备了一系列不同La含量的La-Ni,P/SBA-15催化剂.采用XRD,N2-吸脱附和XPS对催化剂的结构进行了表征,以...     

Effect of Cu promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with 5wt% to 15wt% Ni content as well as a series of 12.5%Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalysts with 1% to 10% copper content were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalytic performance for partial oxidation of methane was investigated in a continuous flow microreactor under atmospheric pressure. The textural and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and H2-TPR techniques. The results indicated that the catalysts modified with Cu promoter showed better performance than those without modification. For the 12.5%Ni/2.5%/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst, at 850 ◦C the conversion of CH4 reached 97.9% and the selectivity of CO and H2 reached 98.0% and 96.0%, respectively. In XRD patterns of the Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst with 7.5 to 10% Cu contents there were CuO characteristic peaks beside NiO characteristic peaks. The mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was retained in all of the catalysts. TPR analysis of the catalysts revealed that a strong interaction between Ni, Cu promoter and SBA-15 support may be existed. This interaction enhanced significantly the redox properties of the catalysts resulting in the higher catalytic activity.     

Synthesis of Ni2P promoted trimetallic NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for diesel oil hydrotreatment

The Ni2P promoted and γ-Al2O3 supported NiMoW sulfide catalyst consisting of 4 wt% Mo, 22 wt% W, 2 wt% Ni and 2.5 wt% Ni2P was synthesized by a co-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that Ni2P, Ni, Mo and W species were highly dispersed over γ-Al2O3. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) showed that the presence of Ni2P brought a strong promotional effect on the HDS activity, which was further confirmed by the HDS and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of diesel oil under industrial conditions. The enhancement in HDN activity and stability by Ni2P addition could be attributed more to the effect of new active sites of Ni2P than that of acidity modification. The as-prepared Ni2P-NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed better hydrotreating performance than NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 and commercial catalysts.     

Pt对Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以MCM-41为载体, 采用程序升温还原法制备了含有少量Pt的Ni-P/MCM-41催化剂, 并用氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 N₂吸附比表面积、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征. 考察了P/Ni摩尔比及Pt含量对Ni-P/MCM-41催化剂催化二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响. 结果表明, Pt能降低Ni₂P催化剂的还原温度, 并有助于Ni₂P相的生成, 抑制团聚现象, 提高催化剂的HDS活性. 当Pt的质量分数为0.6%, P/Ni摩尔比为2时, 催化剂具有最佳加氢脱硫活性, 在340 ℃, 3.0 MPa, 氢油体积比为500, 质量空速(WHSV)为2.0 h^-1的条件下, 二苯并噻吩转化率为100%, 且催化剂加氢脱硫活性在120 h内基本保持稳定.