巯基棉分离富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定高盐体系中痕量的铅、镉

采用巯基棉富集分离,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了高盐水样中痕量的铅、镉。研究表明,pH值为7时,巯基棉同时富集铅、镉的效果最好,可成功分离基体元素,以盐酸(1.5mol/L)溶液洗脱,铅、镉的加标回收率在95.0%~105.0%,相对标准偏差RSD为3.8%~9.7%。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中痕量铅、镉

本文研究了巯基棉富集分离及基体改进剂与石墨炉原子化法相结合的铅、镉连续检测法,并对几种类型的食品进行了试验。该法可准确测定多种类型食品中痕量铅、镉。一、仪器与试剂     

单扫示波极谱法同时测定土壤中有效态铜铅镉

在ｐＨ５．４的硝酸－乙酸钠介质中，Ｃｕ＾２＋（ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋）－７－碘－８羟基喹啉－５－磺酸－氯化四苯胂络合物产生灵敏络合吸附法，比较了五种浸提剂对不同土壤中有效态铜，铅，镉的浸提能力。在ｐＨ４．７的乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液中，用巯基棉富集分离铜，铅，镉，用本法测定土壤中有效态铜，铅，镉，结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸钙试剂中痕量铅

分离和富集是痕量分析中的一个重要手段,以巯基为功能基团的巯基棉、巯基树脂等分离富集剂近十多年得到广泛应用,本文则根据巯基能定量吸附某些重金属离子而大量碱金屑、碱土金属离子不干扰其吸附的特点,采用近几年发展起来的巯基-活性炭新型富集剂(以下简称富集剂)为分离富集技术,建立了大量钙中痕量铅的测定方法,并测定了碳酸钙试剂中的痕量铅,其结果的准确度和精密度令人满意。     

黄原酯棉富集分离金属离子的研究及金属镍中铅和镉的测定

用黄原酯棉对铜、锌、铅、镉、铋、铁、钴、镍等金属离子进行了吸附试验，探索了分离富集条件，给出了５种元素的吸附曲线、脱附曲线和吸附试验结果。作者经过系统的试验，将黄原酯棉用于金属镍及其纯盐类中微量铅、镉的同时分离和测定，获得成功。     

巯基棉富集后金和钯的选择分离

在元素分离中,由于巯基棉具有富集倍数大、富集速度快、选择性高、易于制备等优点,已被广泛应用于环境试样中一些重金属离子的富集和分离。文献将巯基棉用于贵金属的富集,成功地分离了某些冶金物料中的金和钯。我们也用巯基棉富集了含量在xx克/吨以上冶金物料中的金、钯和铂。被巯基棉吸附的金和钯难于洗脱,文献推荐用氢氧化钠溶液同时洗脱金和钯,文献则直接将巯基棉溶于王水以解脱金、钯和铂。本实验发现,氢碘酸-盐酸溶液可定量洗脱被巯基棉吸附的金,此时钯定量保留在巯基棉上,然后再用溴酸钠-盐酸溶液洗脱钯。研究了洗脱条件并初步探讨了吸附机理。用本法分离     

巯基棉富集-催化极谱法测定朱砂中痕量硒

微量硒的测定,通常采用硒试剂比色法,该法流程长、手续繁琐,且硒试剂对人体有害。近年来,用氢化物-原子吸收法和催化极谱法测定微量硒,国内外均有报导。方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。1971年S.Nishi首先利用巯基棉富集分离测定水中汞以后,有人相继发表了巯集棉富集测定水中痕量有机汞、无机汞,锌、镉等元素的研究报告,均得到了满意结果,是较理想的分离手段。本文研究了利用巯基棉分离硒与汞的条件,     

离心分离共沉淀原子吸收光谱法测定饮用水中铅和镉

对于水中铅、镉等金属离子的测定,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定的灵敏度比较低,必须对水样中被测离子进行浓缩或富集处理,常用的水样预处理的方法有巯基棉富集法、液液萃取法和共沉淀法,共沉淀法较其它方法具有操作简便、经济的优点。目前普遍采用自然沉降共沉淀并用虹吸上清液进行液固分离的浓缩方法,测定中常出现管壁吸附现象和液面张力使得少量沉淀浮在液面上,     

巯基棉分离富集、石英缝管FAAS法测定河水中痕量铋

研究了巯基棉分离富集、单缝石英管FAAS法测定铋的最佳条件。以盐酸作介质,巯基棉富集铋的最佳吸附酸度为0．1－0．2mol/L(盐酸）,定量洗脱酸度为2mol/L(盐酸）。该法用于测定水中痕量的铋,回收率为96％－102％,相对标准偏差为4．8％。     

黄原脂棉分离-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定咸味食品中的镉

正黄原脂棉是由纤维素与氢氧化钠反应生成碱纤维后与二硫化碳发生磺化反应的产物,即二硫代甲酸钠纤维素酯,又称黄原酯棉,属纤维素改性产物~([1])。改性纤维素(一般指螯合纤维素)在分离富集金属元素方面有着广泛的应用。其中,巯基棉最为广泛,用巯基棉分离富集痕量金属元素已有许多报道~([2-10])。用巯基棉富集空气中的汞~([11]),已被列为行业标准,但其缺点是巯基棉制备过程较复杂,尤其是     

Determination of cadmium and lead in high purity uranium compounds by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with on-line micro-column preconcentration by CL-7301 resin

An on-line solid phase micro-column extraction and determination system for trace Cd and Pb in nuclear fuel grade uranium compounds was established. The preconcentration of trace elements Cd and Pb from uranium compounds was achieved by adsorbing Cd and Pb on CL-7301 resin in hydroiodic acid media, while the uranyl ion passed through. The method coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was applied to analysis trace Cd and Pb in real samples. The preconcentration factors obtained by this method were 320 and 180 each for Cd and Pb, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank were found to be 0.13 ng·mL⁻¹ and 0.37 ng·mL⁻¹ for Cd and Pb, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and the recoveries of standard addition (spiked with 1–5 ng of Cd and Pb) were of <5% (n = 10) and 96.2%–102.3%, respectively. Precision was also evaluated and found to be ≤4.3% (N = 11). The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of trace Cd and Pb in commercially available uranium compounds (e.g., uranyl acetate and triuranium octoxide).     

海水中铜锌铅镉的萃取-反萃取法同时提取-原子吸收光谱法测定

采用萃取-反萃取法同时提取出海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd,Cu、Pb、Cd石墨炉法测定,Zn用火焰法测定.对样品的前处理方法和最佳仪器条件进行了研究,并通过加标实验验证了方法的可靠性.结果表明:萃取-反萃取法能完全满足海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的前处理要求,可节省一半前处理时间,有溶液稳定、环保、节省试剂等优点.     

电位溶出法测定铅和镉

重金属铅和镉元素在环境中普遍存在并可长期蓄积,是不可降解的环境污染物,常危害人体健康.建立快速准确的测定方法具有实际意义[1].     

纳米Al2O3微柱分离/富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定环境试样中的痕量铅和镉

本文将纳米氧化铝微柱分离系统与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法联用,用于测定环境水样中的痕量铅和镉。较系统地考察了纳米Al2O3材料对镉和铅离子的吸附性能及影响因素;在优化的实验条件下本法对Pb和Cd的检出限(3σ)分别为0.189 ng/mL和0.0039 ng/mL;RSD%分别为3.9%和2.9%。     

Preparation and characterization of porous calcium titanate-based coated glass fiber filter material and its application in determination of lead and cadmium ion concentrations in water

Glass fiber filter coated with a porous block adsorption agent of calcium titanate (GPCTO) was prepared by the citric acid sol-gel method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectrophotometry. Its Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption properties from water were studied. Adsorption and elution were investigated under different conditions, as were the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption, using Cd ion as representative. Calcium titanate may react with glass fiber, forming Si-O-Ti and B-O-Ti bonds and becoming a composite adsorbent. The Pb and Cd ions were quantitatively retained at pH 4-9; their adsorption capacities by the GPCTO were 199.72 and 19.68 mg/g, respectively. The isothermal data were described by the Langmuir equation. The dynamic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The enthalpy change (AH) of the adsorption process was 37.160 kJ/mol. At various temperatures, Gibbs free energy changes (delta G) were negative, and entropy changes (delta S) were positive. The activation energy (Ea) was 38.127 kJ/mol for the adsorption. Cd ion adsorption by the GPCTO was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorbed Pb and Cd ions were completely recovered by elution with 2 M HNO3. The Pb+ and Cd2+ concentration factors were up to 200. The method has been applied to the preconcentration for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations of trace Pb and Cd ions in water samples. The recoveries were 95.2 to 102.4% for Pb and 92.2 to 98.0% for Cd.     

Determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples by ETV-ICP-MS after single-drop microextraction

A method based on single-drop microextraction (SDME) combined with electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-ICP-MS was proposed for the determination of trace Cd and Pb. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was employed as extractant dissolved in several microliters of chloroform and then an organic microdrop was formed at the tip of the microsyringe needle to extract the interest analytes. The vaporization behavior of the metal-8-HQ chelates in graphite furnace was investigated, and the ETV temperature program was optimized. The factors that influenced the extraction efficiency of target analytes (including pH value, flow rate of sample, extraction time and organic microdrop volume) were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of the Cd and Pb were 4.6 and 2.9 pg mL⁻¹ with the enrichment factor of 140-fold for Cd and 190-fold for Pb, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples. In order to validate the developed method, a certified reference material of GBW 08501 peach leaves was analyzed and the determined values obtained were in a good agreement with the certified values.     

Ultrasensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) Using MWCNTs‐Nafion/Bismuth Composite Electrodes

Multiwall carbon nanotubes were dispersed in Nafion (MWCNTs‐NA) solution and used in combination with bismuth (MWCNTs‐NA/Bi) for fabricating composite sensors to determine trace Pb(II) and Cd(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The electrochemical properties of the MWCNTs‐NA/Bi composites film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were evaluated. The synergistic effect of MWCNTs and bismuth composite film was obtained for Pb(II) and Cd(II) detection with improved sensitivity and reproducibility. Linear calibration curves ranged from 0.05 to 100 μg/L for Pb(II) and 0.08 to 100 μg/L for Cd(II). The determination limits (S/N=3) were 25 ng/L for Pb and 40 ng/L for Cd, which compared favorably with previously reported methods in the area of electrochemical Pb(II) and Cd(II) detection. The MWCNTs‐NA/Bi composite film electrodes were successfully applied to determine Pb(II) and Cd(II) in real sample, and the results of the present method agreed well with those of atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) in environmental water samples

A novel UV-VIS spectrophotometric method was developed in this study by using solid phase extraction procedure for the simultaneous preconcentration, separation and determination of trace levels of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) ions in various water samples by using Amberlite N,N-bis(salicylidene)cyclohexanediamine (SCHD) resin. This study presents the results of experimental procedures carried out like the adsorption of analytes to the resin, influences of some analytical parameters that effect the recovery such as pH, sample volume, sample flow rate, eluent type and concentration, eluent volume, eluent flow rate and the effects of alkaline metals, earth alkaline metals and some other transition metals. The analytes in the samples with the adjusted pH range of 4–7 were adsorbed on XAD-4-SCHD resin and eluted by using 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid. The amounts of ions were determined by using UV-VIS spectrometer. The limits of detection were 0.03, 0.07 and 0.05 µg mL^?1 for Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II), respectively. The accuracy of the method was assured by the analysis of the certified standard water sample NW-TMDA-70.2 and the observed recoveries were above 93%. Different environmental water samples that contain trace amounts of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) were analysed by using the method developed in this study. Same samples were also analysed by ICP-MS for comparison and almost the similar results were observed. The method developed in this study was successfully applied to the various environmental water samples to determine the trace levels of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) ions.     

Selective solid-phase extraction of lead(II) from biological and natural water samples using surface-grafted lead(II)-imprinted polymers

A new Pb(II)-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent was synthesized by an easy one-step reaction by combining a surface imprinting technique for selective solid-phase extraction of trace Pb(II) prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The Pb(II)-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared to non-imprinted polymer particles, the ion-imprinted polymers had higher selectivity and adsorption capacity for Pb(II). The maximum static adsorption capacity of the ion-imprinted and non-imprinted sorbent for Pb(II) was 19.66 and 6.20 mg g^?1, respectively. The largest selectivity coefficient of the Pb(II)-imprinted sorbent for Pb(II) in the presence of Cd(II) was over 450. The relative selectivity (α _r) values of Pb(II)/Cd(II) were 49.3 and 46.3, which were greater than 1. The distribution ratio (D) values of Pb(II)-imprinted polymers for Pb(II) were much larger than that for Cd(II). The detection limit (3σ) was 0.20 μg L^?1. The relative standard deviation was 2.0% for 11 replicate determinations. The method was validated for the analysis three certified reference materials (GBW 08301, GBW 08504, GBW 08511), and the results are in good agreement with standard values. The method was also successfully applied to the determination of trace lead in plants and water samples with satisfactory results.     

ICP-AES测定陶瓷器皿中微量溶出铅、镉的研究

用4%乙酸溶液萃取分离日用瓷表面微量溶出元素Pb和Cd后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法进行了分析,对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.023(Pb)和0.006μg/L(Cd),回收率为98.0%~104.0%,RSD小于3.5%。该法准确、快速、简便,应用于日用瓷中的微量溶出铅、镉的测定,结果满意。