Diazo carbonyl derivatives of heterocycles. 2. Reaction of anhydrides of pyridine- and quinolinedicarboxylic acids with diazomethane

The reaction of anhydrides of cinchomeronic, quinolinic, and acridinic acids with diazomethane was studied. The reaction pathway that they have in common is acylation of diazomethane with opening of the anhydride ring, accompanied by the formation of the corresponding diazo ketones. It is shown that the nature of the heterocyclic part of the anhydride molecule has a substantial effect on the character of the parallel reactions.See [1] for communication 1.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1103–1107, August, 1983.     

Reactions of diazoalkanes with unsaturated compounds 16. Catalytic reactions of diazomethane with 2-alkenyl-1,3-oxazolidines and 2-alkenyl-1,3-oxathiolanes

The influence of 1,3-oxazolidine and 1,3-oxathiolane fragments in substituted alkenes on the direction of their catalytic reaction with diazomethane has been investigated. The olefins bearing an oxazolidine substituent in the α- or γ-position and an oxathiolane substituent in the γ-position relative to the C=C bond react with diazomethane in the presence of Pd(acac)₂ selectively resulting in cyclopropanation products. The use of Cu(OTf)₂ does not result in cyclopropanation; however Cu(OTf)₂ catalyzes the reaction of diazomethane with 2-(alk-1-enyl)-1,3-oxathiolanes yielding 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxathiocines formed through the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the intermediate sulfonium ylides. For Part 15 see Ref. 1. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 604–608, March, 2008.     

Pseudoesters and derivatives. XXV. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane to 5-methoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones

Cycloaddition of diazomethane to pyrrolinones 1a,b,d,e affords only one regioisomer as a mixture of the epimeric pyrrolopyrazolines 2 and 2 ′,4-Halo derivatives 1f,g react with diazomethane to give the two possible regioisomers 2 and 3. The regio- and stereochemistry of the adducts is evidenced by the ¹H-nmr data. The primary adducts originated from the halopyrrolinones suffer dehydrohalogenation to give aromatized products, which by further methylation give derivatives of type 7, 8, 10 and 11.     

Nitroimidazoles. XII. A simple and efficient synthesis of 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-acetic acid

Reaction of 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-carboxyl chloride ( 9 ) with diazomethane afforded 2-diazo-1-(1-memyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)ethanone ( 10 ). Successive rearrangement of compound 10 via Arndt-Eastert rearrangement yielded 1-memyl-5-mtroimidazole-2-acetic acid ( 1 ), which was converted to its corresponding methyl ester 11 with etheral solution of diazomethane.     

Reactions of diazomethane with sulfonyl-activated double bonds

The cyclo-addition reaction of diazomethane with α,β-unsaturated sulfones is described. Divinyl sulfone and phenyl vinyl sulfone give 1- or 2-pyrazolines depending on the reaction conditions. cis- and trans-1,2-Bis(methylsulfonyl)ethene form pyrazolines, which on reaction with either triethylamine or excess of diazomethane lead to substituted pyrazoles.     

Reaction of diazomethane with selenoesters : Preparation of α-(alkyl- or arylseleno)methyl ketones and methyl ketones

The reaction of diazomethane with a series of selenoesters 1 in the presence of CuI, CuSePh or Cu powder produced α-(alkyl- or arylseleno)methyl ketones 2 in yields of 41–65%. Methyl ketones 3 and bis(arylseleno)methanes 9 or 14 were formed as by-products. The direct conversion of selenoesters to methyl ketones was accomplished in high yield by the usual reaction with diazomethane, followed by workup with HBr solution. The simultaneous copper-catalyzed reactions of selenoesters 1c and 1i with diazomethane resulted in crossover, with the formation of all four possible α-seleno ketones 2b, 2c, 2h and 2i. A non-concerted mechanism involving attack by the diazo compound upon the acyl carbon atom of an activated selenoester with the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate 11 has been suggested. The reaction of the selenothiocarbamate 4 with diazomethane resulted in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to afford 5 instead of insertion into the acyl-selenium bond.     

Porphyrins and their derivatives: XXV. Reaction of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin with diazomethane

2-Formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and its copper and zinc complexes react with diazomethane in a mixture chloroform-alcohol providing the corresponding 2-acetyl-and 2-acetonyl derivatives. In a pure chloroform main product of diazomethane reaction with 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin is 2-acetyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylcyclopropa[b]chlorin.     

Diastereoselective cycloaddition of (S)-N-(1-phenylethylimino)trifluoropropionate and trifluoroethylphosphonate with diazomethane

The cycloaddition reaction of (S)-(α-phenylethylimino)trifluoropropionate with diazomethane leads to a diastereomeric mixture (4.5:1) of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoline-5-carboxylates. Enantiopure diastereomers were isolated by column chromatography and converted into their respective non-racemic 2-trifluoromethyl-aziridine-2-carboxylates and carboxylic acids. The absolute configuration of newly formed stereogenic centers was determined by XRD analysis. The stereoselective reaction between (S)-N-(α-phenylethyl)trifluoroacetimidoylphosphonate and diazomethane produces a diastereomeric mixture (2.5:1) of 5-trifluoromethyltriazoline-5-phosphonates readily separated by column chromatography in diastereomerically pure forms.     

Chemical and X-Ray crystallographic characterization of the reaction products in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane to p-toluquinone

The product 2 in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of one equivalent of diazomethane to p-toluquinone (1) was determined by 250 MHz nmr spectra to be approximately 85% 6-methyl-1-H-indazole-4,7-dione (2b). X-ray crystallographic analysis was employed in the characterization of 1,6-dimethyl-1-H-indazole-4,7-dione (4a), which was the major 1-N-methyl regioisomer in the methylation of the cycloaddition mixture 2 with diazomethane. Methylation of the cycloaddition product 2 with diazomethane also provided a regioisomeric mixture of the 2-N-methyl derivatives 5. This mixture was synthesized for characterization by an independent method which utilized the cycloaddition of 3-methylsydnone (10) to toluquinone (1). 1,5,6-Trimethyl-1-H-ind-azole-4,7-dione (9) was found to be a minor product in the reaction of diazomethane with the cycloaddition product 2.     

The Rates of Diazomethane Formation from Methylnitrosoamides. The stability of diazomethane solutions towards aqueous alkalis

The rate of hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitrosoamides by aqueous alkalis varies greatly. Methylnitrosourea (1) is hydrolyzed rapidly by aqueous KOH-solutions at low temperatures to give a high yield of diazomethane. Under similar conditions, N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dinitroso-oxamide (3) is hydrolyzed more slowly, but also gives a good yield of diazomethane. N,N′-Dimethyl-N,N′-dinitrosoterephthal-amide (4) , and (N-methyl-N-nitroso)-4-amino-4-methyl-2-pentanone (5) are less easily hydrolyzed by aqueous KOH-solutions. N-Methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (2) was the least reactive out of those tested. The hydrolysis of diazomethane in toluene with aqueous bases follows first order kinetics. The hydrolysis rate is greatly influenced by the concentration and strength of the base and temperature.     

Orientation in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane with alkylethylenes

The regiochemistry of diazomethane cycloadditions with simple alkylethylenes, heretofore not reported, was investigated in the simplest case, diazomethane and propene. The products were 3-and 4-methylpyrazolines in 7.4/1 ratio, in accord with the diradical mechanism. This mechanism also accounts for the abnormal orientation in intramolecular cases and with bridgehead olefins.     

Synthesis of α,β-epoxy diazomethyl ketones

The preparation of eighteen epoxy diazomethyl ketones 1 is described. Two general methods were developed. Firstly, treatment of the mixed anhydrides of glycidic acids and carbonic acid ester with diazomethane led to the title compounds in yields ranging from 17–74%. Secondly, glycidyl chlorides which were obtained from sodium glycidates and oxalyl chloride, gave the desired products upon treatment with diazomethane (yields 60–74%). The required α,β-epoxy carboxylic esters were prepared by Darzens condensation and epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated esters, but in some cases also by reaction of α-oxo carboxylic esters with diazomethane.     

Phenyl(trimethylsilyl)ketene. Some ketene reactions with diazomethane

Phenyl(trimethylsilyl)ketene was prepared by the zinc dehalogenation of phenyl(trimethylsilyl)bromoacetyl chloride. This ketene parallels tirmethylsilylketene in stabibility and lack of reactivity in cycloaddition reactions. The reaction of phenyl(ethyl)-, phenyl(trimethylsilyl)- and trimethylsilylketenes with diazomethane at ?78°C is described. Only the $\text{2}\text{1}$ cycloadducts, the cyclobutanones, could be isolated.     

N.m.r. spectra of prostaglandin metabolites and precursors and of related pyrazoline adducts

The ¹³C n.m.r. spectra of the major human urinary metabolite of prostaglandin PGE₂ and PGE₁ are discussed together with some unsaturated precursors. Δ-2-Pyrazolines, formed by addition of diazomethane to the 11-oxo dienediones in this series, were identified by ¹³C and ¹H n.m.r. and by other physical methods.     

Treatment of diazoalkanes with unsaturated compounds. No. 5. Catalytic cyclopropanation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with diazoethane

Conclusions The preparative catalytic cyclopropanation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with diazoethane has been achieved for the first time. Addition of the ethylidene fragment to the C=C double bond occurs in a nonstereoselective manner and leads to the formation of the corresponding methylcyclopropanes in 55–70% total yields. In the presence of CuCl, all double bonds of unsaturated hydrocarbons are cyclopropanated with equal facility, whereas in the presence of (PhCN)₂PdCl₂, preferential regioselective cyclopropanation of strained endocyclic and terminal double bonds is observed, just as was true in the case of reactions with diazomethane.For Communication No. 4, see [1].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1338–1343, June, 1987.     

Reactions of diazoalkanes with unsaturated compounds 8. Catalytic cyclopropanation of allyl alcohols and allylamines with diazomethane

Allyl alcohols and allylamines have been cyclopropanated directly with diazomethane in the presence of palladium compounds to give 60–88% of cyclopropylmethanols and cyclopropylmethylamines, respectively, almost free from the products of formal insertion of methylene into the heteroatom-hydrogen bond.For previous communication, see [1].For preliminary report, see [2].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2752–2755, December, 19S9.     

Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and its derivatives—IV : Reactions of some carbonyl derivatives of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with diazomethane

The reaction of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione with diazomethane in situ does not lead to the homologous bicyclo[4.3.1]decane-2,7-dione, but mainly to tricyclo[4.4.0.0^2,9]decan-9-ol-5-one. The structure of the latter was confirmed by the proton NMR spectra measured with an addition of Eu(DPM)₃, A mixture of tricyclo[4,4.0.0^2,9]decan-9-ol-5-one and bicyclo[4.3.1]decane-2,7-dione results when solutions of diazomethane are used. The reaction of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione monoethyleneacetal with diazomethane in situ yields predominantly bicyclo[4.3.1]decane-2,7-dione. Under the same conditions bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one gives with diazomethane in situ only bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one.     

Reactions of diazoalkanes with unsaturated compounds

A systematic study has been conducted of the catalytic reaction of diazomethane with cyclic and polycyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons, conjugated dienes, as well as with a series of functionalized unsaturated compounds. The feasibility of using transition metal, nontransition metal, and rare earth metal compounds of, for example, Co, Ni, Zr, Cr, Rh, and Dy, has been demonstrated for the first time. It has also been established that Pd(acac)₂ has very high activity as a catalyst for the cyclopropanation of terminal and endocyclic double bonds by diazomethane, and that its activity is reduced upon the introduction of n-donor ligands or in the presence of strong polar solvents.For previous communication, see [1].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1861–1869, August, 1989.     

Reactions of Diazo Compounds with Imines. Preliminary communication

The [Rh₂(OAc)₄]-catalyzed addition of methyl diazoacetate to N-benzylideneaniline ( 1a ) afforded the imine cis- 2 in 35% yield. Under catalysis by chiral Rh^II catalysts, however, only racemic 1a was produced, and the yield was low. In the presence of dimethyl maleate, aziridine formation was suppressed, and an intermediate ylide 6 was trapped as cycloadduct 7 . No aziridines were obtained, however, from 1b, 1c , and 3 . The iminium salt 8 reacted with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in the absence of [Rh₂(OAc)₄] via dipolar cycloaddition followed by extrusion of N₂ to 10 .     

Nucleosides. Part LXI. A Simple Procedure for the Monomethylation of Protected and Unprotected Ribonucleosides in the 2′-O- and 3′-O-Position Using Diazomethane and the Catalyst Stannous Chloride

Intensive studies on the diazomethane methylation of the common ribonucleosides uridine, cytidine, adenosine, and guanosine and its derivatives were performed to obtain preferentially the 2′-O-methyl isomers. Methylation of 5′-O-(monomethoxytrityl)-N²-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl-O⁶-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-guanosine ( 1 ) with diazomethane resulted in an almost quantitative yield of the 2′- and 3′-O-methyl isomers which could be separated by simple silica-gel flash chromatography (Scheme 1). Adenosine, cytidine, and uridine were methylated with diazomethane with and without protection of the 5′ -O-position by a mono- or dimethoxytrityl group and the aglycone moiety of adenosine and cytidine by the 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (npeoc) group (Schemes 2–4). Attempts to increase the formation of the 2′-O-methyl isomer as much as possible were based upon various solvents, temperatures, catalysts, and concentration of the catalysts during the methylation reaction.