Asymmetric coupling in two-lane simple exclusion processes: Effect of unequal injection rates

This Letter investigates the effect of unequal injection rates on two-lane simple exclusion processes with asymmetric coupling. It is a generalization of the work of Pronina and Kolomeisky [E. Pronina, A.B. Kolomeisky, Physica A 372 (2006) 12], in which the injection rates of two lanes are equal. With the injection rate α₁ increases, the (1,LD), (1,HD), (1,MC) and (MC,MC) phase region do not change, while the (LD,0) phase regions shrink and the (HD,0) and (MC,0) phase regions expand. Interestingly, domain walls are observed in both lanes when the system is in the (MC,MC) phase. However, the unequal injection rates have little effect on the domain wall dynamics. The phase diagram and the density profiles are investigated by using Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field approximation. The analytical results are in good agreement with simulations.     

Totally asymmetric exclusion processes at constrained m-input n-output junction points

Totally asymmetric exclusion processes at constrained m-input n-output junction points under random update are studied by theoretical calculation and computer simulation in this paper. At the junction points, the hopping rate of particles from m-input parallel lattices to n-output parallel lattices is assumed to be equal to r/n （0 〈 r 〈 1 ）. The mean-field approach and Monte Carlo simulations show that the phase diagram can be classified into three regions at any value of r. More interestingly, there is a threshold rc = n（ 1 - √1 - m/n）/m. In the cases of r 〉 re and r 〈 rc, qualitatively different phases exist in the system. With the increase of the value of m/n, the regions of （LD, LD） and （MC, LD） or （HD, LD） decrease, and the （HD, HD） is the only phase that increases in the region （LD stands for low density, HD stands for high density, and MC for maximal current）. Stationary current and density profiles are calculated, showing that they are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.     

MRI of liver: a comparison of CNR enhancement using high dose and low dose ferumoxide infusion in patients with colorectal liver metastases

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high dose (HD) and low dose (LD) ferumoxides infusions on lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) using four different T(2)-weighted MR sequences. Seventy-three patients with known colorectal liver metastases underwent T(2)-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) imaging before and after ferumoxides. After ferumoxides, T(2)-weighted dual echo (DE) and T(2)-weighted GRE FLASH images were also obtained. To evaluate the relationship between TE length and lesion-to-liver CNR, the same FLASH sequence was repeated in 18 LD patients after lengthening the TE. Ferumoxides was administered at a dose of 15 micromol/kg (HD) and 7.5 micromol/kg (LD) in 45 and 28 patients, respectively. The effects of HD and LD ferumoxides infusions were measured as the percentage signal intensity change (PSIC) in the liver and lesions, lesion-to-liver CNR and the change in lesion-to-liver CNR (DeltaCNR). In both LD and HD groups, all CNR values obtained after SPIO were significantly greater than those observed with unenhanced FSE (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the mean CNR values obtained with either dose for any sequence. With the FLASH sequence, CNR increased progressively with longer TE. At the longest TE of 26 ms, mean CNR was higher than that recorded with any of the other sequences. Although mean liver PSIC was significantly greater in the HD group than in the LD group (p < 0.01) because the mean lesion PSIC was also greater in the HD group, the mean DeltaCNR after ferumoxides was not significantly different in the two groups. LD SPIO enhanced MR significantly increases lesion-to-liver CNR compared with unenhanced images. At 1. 0 T, HD and LD ferumoxides infusions produce comparable lesion-to-liver CNR. Our results suggest that at 1.0 T ferumoxides may be administered at a dose of 7.5 micromol/kg without loss of image quality.     

One- and two-channel Kondo model with logarithmic Van Hove singularity: A numerical renormalization group solution

Simple scaling consideration and NRG solution of the one- and two-channel Kondo model in the presence of a logarithmic Van Hove singularity at the Fermi level is given. The temperature dependences of local and impurity magnetic susceptibility and impurity entropy are calculated. The low-temperature behavior of the impurity susceptibility and impurity entropy turns out to be non-universal in the Kondo sense and independent of the s–d coupling J. The resonant level model solution in the strong coupling regime confirms the NRG results. In the two-channel case the local susceptibility demonstrates a non-Fermi-liquid power-law behavior.     

部分道路关闭引起的交通激波特性研究

本文根据实际交通中经常遇到的交通事故或部分道路施工等情况, 建立了部分道路关闭的交通流模型. 采用平均场理论分析和确定性NS元胞自动机规则分别对模型进行解析和数值模拟, 结果表明, 系统存在三种稳定的物理状态:低密度相、激波相和高密度相, 并找到了系统发生相变的临界密度. 理论分析和数值模拟能很好地符合.     

Dynein-Inspired Multilane Exclusion Process with Open Boundary Conditions

Motivated by the sidewise motions of dynein motors shown in experiments, we use a variant of the exclusion process to model the multistep dynamics of dyneins on a cylinder with open ends. Due to the varied step sizes of the particles in a quasi-two-dimensional topology, we observe the emergence of a novel phase diagram depending on the various load conditions. Under high-load conditions, our numerical findings yield results similar to the TASEP model with the presence of all three standard TASEP phases, namely the low-density (LD), high-density (HD), and maximal-current (MC) phases. However, for medium- to low-load conditions, for all chosen influx and outflux rates, we only observe the LD and HD phases, and the maximal-current phase disappears. Further, we also measure the dynamics for a single dynein particle which is logarithmically slower than a TASEP particle with a shorter waiting time. Our results also confirm experimental observations of the dwell time distribution: The dwell time distribution for dyneins is exponential in less crowded conditions, whereas a double exponential emerges under overcrowded conditions.     

Theoretical investigation of total-asymmetric simple exclusion processes with attachment and detachment

In this paper, traffic systems with attachment and detachment have been studied by total-asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEPs). Attachment and detachment in a one-dimensional system is a type of complex geometry that is relevant to biological transport with the random update rule. The analytical results are presented and have shown good agreement with the extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations.     

Existence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with an intersection

We study two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes(TASEPs) with an intersection. Monte Carlo simulations show that only symmetric phases exist in the system. To verify the existence of asymmetric phases, we carry out a cluster mean-field analysis. Analytical results show that the densities of the two upstream segments of the intersection site are always equal, which indicates that the system is not in asymmetric phases. It demonstrates that the spontaneous symmetry breaking does not exist in the system. The density profiles and the boundaries of the symmetric phases are also investigated. We find that the cluster mean-field analysis shows better agreement with simulations than the simple mean-field analysis where the correlation of sites is ignored.     

Phase transitions in the mixed Ashkin-Teller model

By using a mean-field approximation (MFA) and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, we have studied the effect on the phase diagrams of mixed spins ( and S =1) in the Ashkin-Teller model (ATM) on a hypercubic lattice. By varying the strength describing the four spin interaction and the single ion potential, we have obtained by these two methods quite rich phase diagrams with several multicritical points. This model exhibits a new partially ordered phase which does not exist neither in the spin-1/2 ATM nor in the spin-1 ATM. While MFA yields phase diagrams which are sometimes qualitatively incorrect, accurate results are obtained from MC simulations. From the critical exponents which have been calculated using finite-size scaling ideas, we have shown that all phase transitions are Ising-like except for the paramagnetic-Baxter critical surface on which the critical exponents vary continuously, by varying only the strength of the coupling interaction independently of the value of the single ion potential. Received 5 July 1999 and Received in final form 4 July 2000     

Measurements of radiation vibrations of turbomachine blades using an optical-fiber displacement-sensing system

Turbomachine blades are critical equipment in the energy, chemical, aviation, and shipbuilding industries. Turbomachine-blade vibrations can cause high cycle fatigue, which reduces the blade lifetime. Their stable operation is a determining factor of safe and efficient production. In order to monitor and detect the turbomachine-blade vibrations and check whether whole or partial performance is normally operating, we design a reflective intensity-modulated optical-fiber sensing system for radial vibration detection of turbomachine blades and introduce the basic principles of the detection system in detail. We study some key technologies such as the control system of the laser-diode (LD) constant power and an optical-fiber coupling system with the optical-fiber-bundle structure. We analyze the sensor output characteristics and present some numerical simulations. In view of our experimental results, we show that the system elaborated can eliminate the effects caused by light-intensity fluctuations, optical-fiber flexural losses, and changes in the surface reflection coefficient, and can detect the radial vibrations of turbomachine blades in the presence of strong electromagnetic interference and under high temperatures.     

Temperature-dependent Heisenberg exchange coupling constants from linking electronic-structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations

We propose a method to calculate the temperature dependence of Heisenberg exchange coupling constants J_ij. Within the formalism of disordered local moments (DLM), the magnetization and the J_ij are computed from first principles for any concentration c of the magnetic constituents. The exchange coupling constants are then used in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compute the temperature dependence of the magnetization for the given c. By comparing the magnetization from DLM calculations and from MC simulations we obtain a mapping of temperature versus concentration and eventually temperature-dependent J_ij. The approach which is applied to bulk Fe and Co can for example improve critical exponents.     

Electron-coupled nuclear spin-spin interactions in hydrogen and its isotopomers

Theoretical values of the bond-length dependence of the nuclear spin-spin coupling J(HD) in the HD molecule have been obtained by Schulman and Kaufman. Although scope exists for their improvement they are the only results available and are sufficiently close to the true values to justify the making of predictions of the coupling in the isotopomers of HD and the temperature dependences of the coupling in these compounds. HT appears to be the most promising compound to study experimentally, and the predicted spin-spin coupling increase of about 1·5 Hz on increasing the temperature from 100 K to 450 K should be measurable. The negative isotope effect on the reduced spin-spin coupling of the hydrogen molecule predicted theoretically is of the same sign as that suggested for primary isotope effects from experimental investigations.     

Effect of unequal injection rates on asymmetric exclusion processes with junction

In this paper, we investigate the effect of unequal injection rates on totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEPs) with a 2-input 1-output junction and parallel update. A mean-field approach is developed to deal with the junction that connects two sub-chains and the single main chain. We obtain the stationary particle currents, density profiles and phase diagrams. Interestingly, we find that the number of stationary-state phases is changeable depending on the value of α₁ (α₁ is the injection rate on the first sub-chain). When α₁ > 1/3, there are seven stationary-state phases in the system, however when α₁< 1/3, only six stationary-state phases exist in the system. The theoretical calculations are shown to be in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.     

Enhanced spectral resolution by high-dimensional NMR using the filter diagonalization method and "hidden" dimensions

High-dimensional (HD) NMR spectra have poorer digital resolution than low-dimensional (LD) spectra, for a fixed amount of experiment time. This has led to "reduced-dimensionality" strategies, in which several LD projections of the HD NMR spectrum are acquired, each with higher digital resolution; an approximate HD spectrum is then inferred by some means. We propose a strategy that moves in the opposite direction, by adding more time dimensions to increase the information content of the data set, even if only a very sparse time grid is used in each dimension. The full HD time-domain data can be analyzed by the filter diagonalization method (FDM), yielding very narrow resonances along all of the frequency axes, even those with sparse sampling. Integrating over the added dimensions of HD FDM NMR spectra reconstitutes LD spectra with enhanced resolution, often more quickly than direct acquisition of the LD spectrum with a larger number of grid points in each of the fewer dimensions. If the extra-dimensions do not appear in the final spectrum, and are used solely to boost information content, we propose the moniker hidden-dimension NMR. This work shows that HD peaks have unmistakable frequency signatures that can be detected as single HD objects by an appropriate algorithm, even though their patterns would be tricky for a human operator to visualize or recognize, and even if digital resolution in an HD FT spectrum is very coarse compared with natural line widths.     

Coupling of two asymmetric exclusion processes with open boundaries

We study the dynamics of a coupled two-channel ASEP in which intra-channel transition rates are dependent on the configuration of neighboring channel. The binding constant k$k$, which signifies the ratio of inter-channel transition rates, is introduced and the symmetric and asymmetric coupling conditions are analyzed for different values of k$k$. The vertical cluster mean-field theory is used to study the system behavior exactly in strong coupling conditions and approximately in intermediate coupling conditions. Additionally, the consequences of particular dynamics such as totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP), partially asymmetric simple exclusion process (PASEP) and symmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP) in either one or both channels are investigated. It is found that the transition rates have a significant influence on both the qualitative and quantitative nature of the phase diagrams. The mathematical computation shows how the number of phases varies from 3 via 6 to 7 under different environments. Interestingly, in the fully asymmetric coupling case, the results are found to be independent of the magnitude of non-zero vertical transition rate. Our theoretical arguments are in well agreement with extensively performed Monte-Carlo simulation results.     

Endohedral impurities in carbon nanotubes

A generalization of the Anderson model that includes pseudo-Jahn-Teller impurity coupling is proposed to describe distortions of an endohedral impurity in a carbon nanotube. Within mean-field theory, spontaneous axial symmetry breaking is found when the vibronic coupling strength g exceeds a critical value. The effective potential is found to have O(2) symmetry, in agreement with numerical calculations. For metallic zigzag nanotubes endohedrally doped with transition metals in the dilute limit, the low-energy properties of the system may display two-channel Kondo behavior; however, strong vibronic coupling is seen to exponentially suppress the Kondo energy scale.     

Large-scale Monte Carlo study of a realistic lattice model for Ga(1-x)MnxAs

Mn-doped GaAs is studied with a real-space Hamiltonian on an fcc lattice that reproduces the valence bands of undoped GaAs. Large-scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations on a Cray XT3, using up to a thousand nodes, were needed. Spin-orbit interaction and the random distribution of the Mn ions are considered. The hopping amplitudes are functions of the GaAs Luttinger parameters. At the realistic coupling J approximately 1.2 eV the MC Curie temperature and magnetization curves agree with experiments for x = 8.5% annealed samples. Mn-doped GaSb and GaP are also briefly discussed.     

Strong coupling between Tamm plasmon and QW exciton

We report on the strong coupling between a Tamm plasmon mode and excitons from inorganic quantum wells. The sample is formed by an AlAs/GaAlAs Bragg reflector containing InGaAs QWs in its high refractive index layers, on top of which a thin silver film is deposited. Angle resolved reflectometry experiments at low temperature (77 K) show a clear anticrossing in the dispersion relations, evidencing the strong coupling regime. The Rabi splitting amounts to 11.5 meV. Emission from low and high energy Tamm plasmon/exciton polaritons is also demonstrated. Experimental data are in very good agreement with transfer matrix simulations.     

Monte-Carlo Calculations for the Surface on a Semi-Infinite XY Model

We study the critical behavior of the surface on a semi-infinite simple-cubic-lattice XY model by Monte-Carlo simulations. .Our results show that a distinct surface phase exists for relatively strong surface coupling above the bulk critical temperature. Moreover, we find that the surface susceptibility diverges in the whole range of the surface phase, which supports that the surface phase is a KT phase.     

Asymmetric Coupling in Two-Lane Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Processes with Unequal Injection Rates: Effect of Different Hoping Rates

This paper investigates the effect of both unequal injection rates and different hopping rates on two-lane asymmetric simple exclusion processes(ASEPs) with asymmetric coupling. When the hopping rates of both lanes are different, the system includes six steady phases, however, when the hopping rates of both lanes are same, the seventh phase(MC, MC) will exist in the system. Interestingly, with different hopping rates of both lanes, the densities of the system cannot be influenced by the non-zero vertical transition rate. Our theoretical arguments are in well agreement with extensively performed Monte Carlo simulations.