Influence of spin-orbit coupling induced by in-plane external electric field on the intrinsic spin-Hall effect in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas

We study theoretically the influence of spin--orbit coupling induced by in-plane external electric field on the intrinsic spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin--orbit coupling. We show that, after such an influence is taken into account, the static intrinsic spin-Hall effect can be stabilized in a disordered Rashba two-dimensional electron gas, and the static intrinsic spin-Hall conductivity shall exhibit some interesting characteristics as conceived in some original theoretical proposals.     

The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical conductivity of CuO–PbO glasses

The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the dc electrical conductivity of CuO–PbO glasses has been studied as a function of temperature. A 33% CuO–67% PbO glass composition has been prepared, using the melt-quenching technique. The samples have been irradiated to a dose of 0.5 MGy using a ⁶⁰Co γ-source. The electrical conductivity of this glass composition was investigated before and after gamma-ray irradiation. The values of the dc electrical conductivity have been measured from 303 to 373 K, and the activation energy of samples before and after gamma irradiation has been calculated. The observed data show that the electrical conductivity increases with temperature and following gamma irradiation. The electrical conductivity of CuO–PbO can be interpreted in terms of mixed ionic–electronic conduction.     

Influence of strong magnetic field on β decay in the crusts of neutron stars

βdecay in the strong magnetic field of the crusts of neutron stars is analysed by an improved method. The reactions ⁶⁷ Ni(β^-)⁶⁷ Cu and ⁶² Mn\beta ^-62 Fe are investigated as examples. The results show that a weak magnetic field has little effect on βdecay but a strong magnetic field (B>10¹²G) increases β decay rates obviously. The conclusion derived may be crucial to the research of late evolution of neutron stars and nucleosynthesis in r-process.     

The effect of annealing on the proton conductivity of Mg-doped α-Al2O3

In order to evaluate the effect of annealing treatment on the proton conductivity of ??-alumina, the electrical conductivity of Mg-doped polycrystalline ??-alumina kept at 1,873?K under various conditions of the surrounding atmosphere and then cooled in the furnace was measured in the temperature range 1,173?C1,473?K. The H⁺/D⁺ isotope effect on the electrical conductivity was also examined under a hydrogen atmosphere at 1,273?K. The protonic conductivity measured at 1,273?K increased with the increase in the activity of oxygen and water vapor in the annealing atmosphere at 1,873?K. It is considered that the solubility limit of magnesium ions in ??-alumina in equilibrium with the small amount of the spinel phase increased with the increase in the activity of oxygen and water vapor at 1,873?K. This enhanced amount of magnesium ions is frozen in a non-equilibrium state to 1,273?K and works as the enriched acceptor dopant for the incorporation of protons.     

ΔThe effect of co-doping on the yttrium local environment and ionic conductivity of yttria-stabilised zirconia

The effect of co-doping yttria-stabilised zirconia with calcia and scandia has been investigated. Changes in the yttrium ion local environment have been monitored using solid-state magic angle sample spinning ⁸⁹Y nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect on the low-temperature (below 320 °C) bulk ionic conductivity has been observed using AC impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the number of oxygen vacancies in the nearest-neighbour sites to yttrium ions decreased on co-doping with scandia, correlating with an increase in conductivity, but increased on co-doping with calcia, correlating with a decrease in conductivity. This behaviour can be explained by proposing the trapping of oxygen vacancies in the nearest-neighbour yttrium ion sites so that they no longer contribute to the conduction mechanism.

The effect of velocity field forcing techniques on the Karman–Howarth equation

Many velocity field forcing methods exist to simulate isotropic turbulence, but no in-depth analysis of the effects that these methods have on the generated turbulence has been performed. This work contains such a detailed study. It focuses on Lundgren’s linear and Alvelius’ spectral velocity forcing methods. Based on the constraints imposed on their associated forcing terms, these two are representative of the numerous forcing methods available in the literature. This study is conducted in the context of the Karman–Howarth equation, which, as a consequence of velocity forcing, has a source term appended to it. The expressions for the forcing method-specific Karman–Howarth source terms are derived, and their effect on key turbulent metrics, e.g. structure functions and spectra, is investigated. The behaviour of these source terms determines the state to which all turbulent metrics evolve, allowing for the differences noted between linearly and spectrally forced turbulent fields to be explained.     

A study on effect of sonochemistry in a reverberation field

In this paper,an ultrasound with frequency of 815 kHz was used to re-search the sonochemical yield in a small-size reverberation field by the methodof fluorescent spectrum analysis.There are two characteristics on the effect ofsonochemistry in the reverberation field:First,the cavitation threshold wasabout 0.3W/cm~2(it was 0.7W/cm~2 in travelling field);Second,when thesound intensity was larger than the threshold,the sonochemical yield increasedas the intensity increased and increased rapidly after the intensity was at1.69-2.13W/cm~2,so that there was a upturned point in the curve of the result(which would tend to saturation in the travelling field).The theoretical analysisshows that the reason of the threshold decrease is that the sound energy densitybecomes high in the reverberation field,and the upturned point results from thedisturbance of the radiation pressure on the liquid surface.Therefore,by exper-iment and theory this paper shows that a reverberation field has to be built forthe higher sonoche     

Effect of in-plane magnetic field on spin polarization in the presence of the Dresselhaus spin–orbit effect

In this paper, we theoretically study the effect of the in-plane magnetic field on spin polarization in the presence of the Dresselhaus spin–orbit effect. It is shown that the large spin polarization can be achieved in such a nanostructure due to the effects of both the Dresselhaus spin–orbit term and the in-plane magnetic field, but the latter plays a main role in the tunneling process. It is also shown that with the increase of in-plane magnetic field, the degree of spin splitting obviously becomes larger.     

Influence of cladding layer field of slab waveguide on M~2 factor

Based on the theory of semiconductor laser pattern and the non-paraxial vectorial moment theory of light beam propagation, the beam quality factor M2 of TEo propagating mode is analyzed and calculated. The result shows that when both core layer and cladding layer are considered, M2>1 is always obtained. Moreover, by analyzing the characteristic of real beams, this result is generalized to the multilayer isotropic linear slab waveguides.     

Influence of transverse field on the spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model on rectangular lattice

Transverse field effect on thermodynamic properties of the spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model on rectangular lattice in which the interactions in perpendicular directions differ in signs is studied within the mean field approximation. Phase diagrams in the (transverse field, temperature) plane are constructed for various values of single-ion anisotropy.     

Influence of the in-plane magnetic field on the Andreev conductance of a superconductor–insulator–normal metal structure

Pronounced conductance due to electrons experiencing Andreev reflection from a superconducting condensate has been observed in superconductor (aluminum)–insulator (aluminum oxide)–normal metal (copper) tunnel junctions at low voltages, along with single-electron tunneling. It has been discovered experimentally that the collective current is suppressed in the magnetic field parallel to the tunnel junction plane and the Andreev conductance decreases nearly twofold in a field of ～20–30 mT.     

Influence of super-strong magnetic field on the electron chemical potential and β decay in the stellar surroundings

In this paper, considering the quantum effect of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field, the influence of a super-strong magnetic field on the chemical potential of a non-zero temperature electron is analyzed, the rates of β decay under the super-strong magnetic field are studied, and then we compare them with the case without a magnetic field. Here, the nucleus 63Co is investigated in detail as an example. The results show that a magnetic field that is less than 1010 T has little effect on the electron chemical potential and β decay rates, but the super-strong magnetic field that is greater than 1010 T depresses the electron chemical potential and improves the β decay rates clearly.     

Influence of super-strong magnetic field on the electron chemical potential and β decay in the stellar surroundings

In this paper, considering the quantum effect of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field, the influence of a super-strong magnetic field on the chemical potential of a non-zero temperature electron is analyzed, the rates of β decay under the super-strong magnetic field are studied, and then we compare them with the case without a magnetic field. Here, the nucleus ^63Co is investigated in detail as an example. The results show that a magnetic field that is less than 1010 T has little effect on the electron chemical potential and β decay rates, but the super-strong magnetic field that is greater than 1010 T depresses the electron chemical potential and improves the β decay rates clearly.     

Influence of medium parameters on power limiting characteristic in stimulated Brillouin scattering process

By adopting noise initiation model of stimulated BriUouin scattering (SBS),the influence of phonon lifetime and gain coefficient of medium on power limiting characteristic is numerically investigated.Through using actual parameters of three media,CCl_4,acetone,and CS_2,the waveforms of transmitted pulses are simulated.The result shows that different media have little effect on the front peak of waveform, while have an obvious effect on the height of power limiting platform.When the medium which has short phonon lifetime and small gain coefficient is used,the height of power limiting platform is comparatively high.In experiment,by focusing 1064-nm,8-ns,18-mJ pulses into these three media,the waveforms of transmitted pulses are obtained.The experimental results are in good agreement with conclusions of theoretical simulations.     

The effect of humidity on the ionic conductivity of Mg2+-stabilized K+-β-ferrite

The ionic conductivity of Mg²⁺-stabilized potassium β-ferrites was studied in wet and dry air atmosphere and in the temperature range between room temperature and 500 °C. Several conductivity processes were determined. The impedance spectroscopic measurements were combined with thermogravimetric analysis data, and a microscopic interpretation for the effect of humidity on the conductivity of K⁺-β-ferrite is proposed. Between 400 and 500 °C, a change in the conductivity behavior is observed which is associated with the magnetic ordering temperature and a structural ordering in the conductivity planes of the materials. The activation energy values of the different conduction processes have been calculated.     

Influence of the static high magnetic field on the liquid–liquid phase separation during solidifying the hyper-monotectic alloys

Magnetic in-situ quenching refers to fixing and quenching the sample at a static high magnetic field (SHMF) up to 18 T; it has been achieved by a specially designed facility. Zn-7wt%Bi and Zn-10wt%Bi hyper-monotectic melts were quenched under different magnetic flux densities to investigate the influence of SHMF on the liquid–liquid phase separation process in solidifying hyper-monotectic alloys. Because this separation is mainly caused by the growth of minority phase droplets (Bi droplets in the present study), and such growth is attributed to the diffusion of Bi element and the coalescence between the droplets, the influence of SHMF on the growth of Bi droplets was analyzed. Results show that the imposed SHMF prevented the formation of layered structure in the Zn-10wt%Bi alloy and refined the Bi particles in the Zn-7wt%Bi alloy, which indicates that the SHMF retarded the liquid–liquid phase separation during solidifying the hyper-monotectic alloys. Indeed, the two motions of droplets in determining the coalescence, Marangoni migration and Stocks sedimentation, were slowed down by the applied SHMF. Analytical estimations of the magnitude of such damping effect have been made and show that the 18 T SHMF could reduce the speed of Stokes sedimentation and Marangoni migration of the minority phase droplets by about 95.5 % and 62.4 %, respectively.     

An X-ray absorption study of the electric field effect mechanism in “123” cuprates

X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the presence of an electric field has been used to study the doping mechanism of the CuO₂ planes in Nd_1+xBa_2-xCu₃O₇ compounds. The electric field effect doping is well-known as a method to modify the electrical properties of a thin film using an external gate voltage and in the copper based high critical temperature superconductors (HTS), it has been used to shift the critical temperature and even to induce phase transitions. Field effect experiments in ultra-thin HTS are usually interpreted by supposing that the induced charges develop into carriers in the CuO₂ conducting planes, thus changing the filling of the Zhang-Rice (ZR) band. Here we show that the polarization charges in both insulating and superconducting films, are mainly confined in the charge reservoir, and in particular in the CuO chains. The characteristics of the charge reservoir layer determine the doping of the CuO₂ planes, achieved by transfer of a fraction of the total injected charges. Moreover we found that holes injection in the CuO₂ planes is reduced in oxygen deficient NdBCO films.