Existence of nonlinear boundary layer solution to the Boltzmann equation with physical boundary conditions

In this paper, the existence of boundary layer solutions to the Boltzmann equation with two physical boundary conditions for hard sphere model is considered. The boundary condition is first imposed on incoming particles of diffuse reflection type and the solution tends to a global Maxwellian in the far field. Similar to the problem with Dirichlet boundary condition studied in [S. Ukai, T. Yang, S.H. Yu, Nonlinear boundary layers of the Boltzmann equation: I. Existence, Comm. Math. Phys. 236 (3) (2003) 373-393], the existence of a solution is shown to depend on the Mach number of the far field Maxwellian, and there is an implicit solvability conditions yielding the co-dimensions of the boundary data. At last, the specular reflection boundary condition is considered and the similar conclusions are obtained.     

The nonlinear boundary layer to the Boltzmann equation with mixed boundary conditions for hard potentials

In this paper, the existence of boundary layer solutions to the Boltzmann equation for hard potential with mixed boundary condition, i.e., a linear combination of Dirichlet boundary condition and diffuse reflection boundary condition at the wall, is considered. The boundary condition is imposed on the incoming particles, and the solution is supposed to approach to a global Maxwellian in the far field. As for the problem with Dirichlet boundary condition (Chen et al., 2004 [5]), the existence of a solution highly depends on the Mach number of the far field Maxwellian. Furthermore, an implicit solvability condition on the boundary data which shows the codimension of the boundary data is related to the number of the positive characteristic speeds is also given.     

Nano boundary layer equation with nonlinear Navier boundary condition

At the micro and nano scale the standard no slip boundary condition of classical fluid mechanics does not apply and must be replaced by a boundary condition that allows some degree of tangential slip. In this study the classical laminar boundary layer equations are studied using Lie symmetries with the no-slip boundary condition replaced by a nonlinear Navier boundary condition. This boundary condition contains an arbitrary index parameter, denoted by n>0, which appears in the coefficients of the ordinary differential equation to be solved. The case of a boundary layer formed in a convergent channel with a sink, which corresponds to n=1/2, is solved analytically. Another analytical but non-unique solution is found corresponding to the value n=1/3, while other values of n for n>1/2 correspond to the boundary layer formed in the flow past a wedge and are solved numerically. It is found that for fixed slip length the velocity components are reduced in magnitude as n increases, while for fixed n the velocity components are increased in magnitude as the slip length is increased.     

Regularity for diffuse reflection boundary problem to the stationary linearized Boltzmann equation in a convex domain

We investigate the regularity issue for the diffuse reflection boundary problem to the stationary linearized Boltzmann equation for hard sphere potential, cutoff hard potential, or cutoff Maxwellian molecular gases in a strictly convex bounded domain. We obtain pointwise estimates for first derivatives of the solution provided the boundary temperature is bounded differentiable and the solution is bounded. This result can be understood as a stationary version of the velocity averaging lemma and mixture lemma.     

The nonlinear boundary layer to the Boltzmann equation for cutoff soft potential with physical boundary condition

We consider the nonlinear boundary layer to the Boltzmann equation for cutoff soft potential with physical boundary condition, i.e., the Dirichlet boundary condition with weak diffuse effect. Under the assumption that the distribution function of gas particles tends to a global Maxwellian in the far field, we will show the boundary layer exist if the boundary data satisfy the solvability condition. Moreover, the codimensions of the boundary data which satisfies the solvability condition change with the Mach number of the far field Maxwellian like Chen et al. (2004) [5], Ukai et al. (2003) [6] and Wang et al. (2007) [7].     

Existence and decay rate estimates for the wave equation with nonlinear boundary damping and source term

The wave equation with a source term is considered

     

Nonlinear stability of boundary layers for the Boltzmann equation with cutoff soft potentials

The study on the boundary layer is important in both mathematics and physics. This paper considers the nonlinear stability of boundary layer solutions for the Boltzmann equation with cutoff soft potentials when the Mach number of the far field is less than −1. Unlike the collision frequency is strictly positive in the hard potential or hard sphere model, the collision frequency has no positive lower bound for the cutoff soft potentials, so the decay in time cannot be expected. Instead, the present paper proves that the solution will always be in a small region around the boundary layer by noticing the decay property of collision operator in velocity.     

Layered stable equilibria of a reaction-diffusion equation with nonlinear Neumann boundary condition

In this work we investigate the existence and asymptotic profile of a family of layered stable stationary solutions to the scalar equation ut=ε²Δu+f(u) in a smooth bounded domain Ω⊂R³ under the boundary condition εν_∂u=δεg(u). It is assumed that Ω has a cross-section which locally minimizes area and limε→0εlnδε=κ, with 0?κ<∞ and δε>1 when κ=0. The functions f and g are of bistable type and do not necessarily have the same zeros what makes the asymptotic geometric profile of the solutions on the boundary to be different from the one in the interior.     

Existence of travelling wave solutions for the heat equation in infinite cylinders with a nonlinear boundary condition

The existence of travelling wave solutions for the heat equation ∂_t u –Δu = 0 in an infinite cylinder subject to the nonlinear Neumann boundary condition (∂u /∂n) = f (u) is investigated. We show existence of nontrivial solutions for a large class of nonlinearities f. Additionally, the asymptotic behavior at ∞ is studied and regularity properties are established. We use a variational approach in exponentially weighted Sobolev spaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Existence of Infinite Energy Solution to the Inelastic Boltzmann Equation with External Force

In this paper, the Cauchy problem for the inelastic Boltzmann equation with external force is considered in the case of initial data with infinite energy. More precisely, under the assumptions on the bicharacteristic generated by external force, we prove the global existence of solution for small initial data compared to the local Maxwellian exp{–p|x – v|²}, which has infinite mass and energy.     

The Boltzmann equation with frictional force

The Euler equations with frictional force have been extensively studied. Since the Boltzmann equation is closely related to the equations of gas dynamics, we study, in this paper, the Boltzmann equation with frictional force when the external force is proportional to the macroscopic velocity. It is shown that smooth initial perturbation of a given global Maxwellian leads to a unique global-in-time classical solution which approaches to the global Maxwellian time asymptotically. The analysis is based on the macro-micro decomposition for the Boltzmann equation introduced in Liu et al. [Energy method for the Boltzmann equation, Physica D 188 (3-4) (2004) 178-192] and Liu and Yu [Boltzmann equation: micro-macro-decompositions and positivity of shock profiles, Comm. Math. Phys. 246(1) (2004) 133-179] through energy estimates.     

Numerical investigation on nano boundary layer equation with Navier boundary condition

In this paper, by applying rational Legendre collocation technique and relaxation method, the classical laminar boundary layer equations with the nonlinear Navier boundary conditions are investigated. The features of the flow characteristics for different values of n are discussed. Numerical approaches are used to find solutions for the cases n > 1 / 2 corresponding to the flow past a wedge and n = 1 / 2 corresponding to the flow in a convergent channel. During the comparison, the effectivity and stability of the applied methods are demonstrated. The effects of the varying slip length, index parameter, components of velocity, and tangential stress are analyzed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solutions of the Boltzmann equation with infinite energy: Existence, stability and long time behavior

This paper is devoted to studying a class of solutions to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation having infinite kinetic energy, these solutions have an upper Maxwellian bound with infinite kinetic energy. Firstly, the existence and stability of this kind of solutions are established near vacuum. Secondly, it is proved that this kind of solutions are stable for any initial data, as a consequence, the Boltzmann equation has at most one solution with infinite kinetic energy. Finally, the long time behavior of the solutions is also established.     

Optimal time-decay rates of the Boltzmann equation

We consider the optimal time-convergence rates of the global solution to the Cauchy problem for the Boltzmann equation in R3.We show that the global solution tends to the global Maxwellian at the optimal time-decay rate(1+t)-3/4,where the macroscopic density,momentum and energy decay at the optimal rate(1+t)-3/4 and the microscopic part decays at the optimal rate(1+t)-5/4.We also show that the solution tends to the Maxwellian at the optimal time-decay rate(1+t).5/4 in the case of the macroscopic part of the initial data is zero,where the macroscopic density,momentum and energy decay at the optimal rate(1+t)-5/4 and the microscopic part decays at the optimal rate(1+t)-7/4.These convergence rates are shown to be optimal for the Boltzmann equation.     

The velocity and shear stress functions of the Falkner-Skan equation arising in boundary layer theory

New compactness results on the velocity functions and shear stress functions of the well-known Falkner-Skan equation are obtained. The methodology is to utilize the equivalence between the Falkner-Skan equation and a singular integral equation established recently by Lan and Yang.     

The Cauchy problem for the generalized Boltzmann equation with dissipative collisions

We prove the global existence, uniqueness, and positivity of solutions to the Cauchy problem, with general initial data, for a class of generalized Boltzmann models with dissipative collisions.     

Kinetic boundary layers: on the adequate discretization of the Boltzmann collision operator

We develop criteria for the discretization of the Boltzmann collision operator under which linearized kinetic boundary layers exhibit the same algebraic structure as their continuous counterparts. These criteria are shown to be sufficient for the well-posedness of kinetic boundary layers. After the analysis of the discrete layer, an example illustrates how to include models which lead to differential algebraic problems. Existence and uniqueness of nonlinear boundary layers adjacent to an equilibrium state are proven.