人参茎叶中人参皂甙的树脂脱色研究

选择了8种不同类型的脱色树脂,通过比较脱色液中色素脱色率的差异和脱色后人参皂甙纯度、收率的不同,筛选出较优的人参皂甙脱色树脂,并研究了其动态脱色实验和动态脱色曲线。实验结果表明,人参皂甙脱色母液经LX-TS4大孔强碱型阴离子交换树脂进行脱色,其脱色率达到85%以上,人参皂甙纯度达到80%以上。静态、动态的脱色实验表明,LX-TS4大孔强碱型阴离子交换树脂可作为人参茎叶中人参皂甙较为理想的脱色材料。     

玉柏石松的四环三萜成分研究

本文从玉柏石松中分得三种四环三萜化合物, 利用^1^3CNMR和^1H NMR测定为26-失碳-8-氧代-2-芒柄花萜醇1), 26, 27-双失碳-8,14-二氧代-α-芒柄花萜醇2), α-芒柄花萜醇3), 其中1是新水合物, 2是首次从自然界分得, 1,2的结构通过臭氧氧化分解产物得到证实, 本文报导了它们的化学结构。     

人参皂甙场解吸质谱研究

人参是五加科属植物人参(Panax ginseng,C.A.Meyer)的干燥根。它的主要有效成分为三萜皂甙类化合物,并已确定了十五种人参皂甙的结构。本文以典型的原人参二醇为甙元的人参皂甙(R_(b1)、R_(b2)、R_c和R_d)和原人参三醇为甙元的人参皂甙(R_(g1)、R_(g2)、R_e)为对象,找出测定人参皂甙的FDMS(场解吸质谱)条件,探讨其一般裂解规律,同时和国     

人参皂甙中微量As测定

微量As测定一般多采用石墨炉原子吸收法,电热—氢化物原子吸收法和原子荧光法。三种方法灵敏度大致相同,但电热—氢化物原子吸收法具有干扰小的特点。人参皂甙中As主要来源于农药和化肥的污染,最高允许量小于10ppm。否则会造成对人体的危害。国内这方面的分析工作尚未见报导。     

高山地榆三萜皂甙成分研究

高山地榆(Sanguisorba alpina Bge)是蔷薇科地榆属植物,民间用于止血、止吐、抗菌、解毒.本文报道从其根粉60%乙醇提取物中分离得到的新三萜皂甙,命名为高山地榆甙(alpinoside,1). 化合物1为白色粉末,m.p.:247-249.5℃,[α]15D:+7.5°(C,0.2;MeOH).IRvKBrmax(cm-1)示有羟基(3457)、酯羰基(1738)、末端双键(1702,882)和三取代双键(1656).HRMS给出其甙元M+为m/z470.3324.示其分子式为C30H46O4(计算值:470.3396).碎片峰m/z:452(8),424(14),246(15),223(25),201(100),187(55),结合12C NMR(见表1)表明1为     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱法分析人参中的人参皂甙

研究了用反相高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC/APCI-MS)分析人参皂甙的方法。液相色谱采用乙腈-水流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用正负离子同时扫描并结合二级质谱进行定性,用选择反应离子模式(SRM)测定检测限。实验发现虽然人参皂甙是热不稳定物质,但在大气压化学电离质谱的高温汽化过程中仍能检测到很强的负离子分子离子峰,而且随着汽化温度的升高,人参皂甙的负离子分子离子峰的强度增加。该方法对人参皂甙Rb1和Rg1的检测限分别为1.2×10-13 g和3.0×10-14 g,并检测出白参中包括丙二酰人参皂甙在内的29种人参皂甙。该法灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确,能有效地对药材提取物中的多种人参皂甙进行检测和结构分析。     

三萜皂甙结构鉴定的常用方法

本文主要综述了三萜皂甙结构鉴定的常用方法,包括红外光谱,紫外光谱,质谱,氢谱,碳谱,二维核磁共振谱,以及旋光方法和化学方法,对三萜皂甙结构鉴定的一般方法作了较为完整和详细的总结。     

复伞银莲花中的三萜皂甙

首次对复伞银莲花(AnemonetetrasepalaRoyle)全草的化学成分进行研究,从其甲醇提取物中分离出8个三萜皂甙。其中1为新化合物,命名为复伞银莲花甙(Tetrasepaloside)。根据各种波谱分析并结合化学降解将其鉴定为23-O-(2',3'-缩丙酮)-α-呋喃核糖基-常春藤配基-28-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-吡喃葡萄糖甙;其它7个已知化合物分别鉴定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-α-L吡喃阿伯糖甙(2)、HN-SaponinF(3)、白头翁皂甙C(4)、木通皂甙D(5)、红毛七皂甙D(6)、刺五加皂甙A1(7)和红毛七皂甙F(8)。     

Studies on the sesquiterpenoids of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. IV

A tricarbocyclic sesquiterpenoid (1), isolated from the ethereal extract of the rootlets of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, showed almost identical nuclear magnetic resonance data to those reported for senecrassidiol (2). Detailed spectral analysis of 1 led us to revise the stereochemistry of 2.     

Cytotoxic activity of polyacetylene compounds in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

The effects of the three polyacetylene compounds, panaxynol, panaxydol and panaxytriol, on in vitro-cell growth were studied. These compounds are much different in their water-solubility. In order to increase water-solubility, solid complexes of polyacetylene compounds with alpha-cyclodextrin (CD) were prepared. Accurate concentrations of the active compounds in a culture medium were determined by gas chromatography. All of these CD-complexes inhibited the growth of various kinds of cultured cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. The cell growth inhibitory activity of these complexes was much stronger against malignant cells than against normal cells. A continuous contact between the compounds and target cells was not necessarily required for growth inhibition. And the inhibition was cytotoxic at high concentrations and cytostatic at low concentrations. These findings indicate that these polyacetylene compounds' mode of action is more dose-dependent than time-dependent. The panaxynol, panaxydol and panaxytriol contents in red ginseng powder were 250, 297 and 320 micrograms/g, respectively.     

Studies on the panaxytriol of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Isolation, determination and antitumor activity

An antitumor-active substance was obtained from the residue of the ethyl acetate extract of red ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, by chromatography on a silica gel column. From the proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, it was identified as heptadeca-1-ene-4,6-diyne-3,9,10-triol (panaxytriol). The panaxytriol contents of red ginseng and white ginseng, determined by gas chromatography after solvent extraction and formation of trimethylsilyl derivatives, were 0.38 and 0.25 mg/g, respectively. Panaxytriol showed a growth-inhibitory activity against several tumor cell lines.     

Easy DNA extraction for rapid detection of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in commercial ginseng products

An investigation was carried out in order to obtain an easy and rapid detection of Panax ginseng in commercial herbal products by using molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)). Two protocols and one commercial kit for DNA extraction were used. Four forms of commercial products were considered, i.e., dried body roots, dried root tails, dried root prongs and dried extracts. The RFLP of DNA amplified products by 18df/28ccr primers, obtained using Inf I, Sau 3A1 and Taq I endonucleases, allowed the identification of P. ginseng and its differentiation from P. quinquefolium. The presence of adulterants, as Mirabilis jalapa L. and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. was excluded in the examined commercial samples. P. ginseng was detected in 63% of the considered samples according to the declaration of the labels, whereas negative results were obtained with the dried extract form. Therefore, the Invitrogen DNA extraction kit let the easy extraction of useful amounts of DNA and a standardisation of routine work, in comparison with the other molecular protocols so far used.     

A new compound with cytotoxic activities from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

A new compound, 3,6,20（S）-trihydroxy- 12,23-epoxydammar-24-ene,6,20-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （1）, was isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, whose structural elucidation was carried out by means of spectral analysis （including IR, HR- FAB-MS and NMR）. This compound showed the moderate cytotoxic activities against U937 and HeLa cells by using the MTT method.     

Effects of inoculum conditions on growth of hairy roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Plants have a potential to produce a large number of important metabolites such as pharmaceuticals, food additives, pigments, flavors, fragrances, and fine chemicals. Large-scale plant cell and tissue cultures for producing useful products has been considered an attractive alternative to whole plant extraction for obtaining valuable chemicals. In plant cell and tissue cultures, cell growth and metabolite production are influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions as well as physical properties of the culture system. To obtain a high growth rate of plant cell and tissue cultures, the culture tem. To obtain a high growth rate of plant cell and tissue cultures, the culture conditions should be maintained at an optimum level. We studied the relationship between inoculum conditions and the growth of Panax ginseng hairy root culture, and found that the growth rate varied with the inoculum conditions such as the number of root tips, the length of root tips, the part of root tips, and the inoculum size and age of hairy roots.     

Total Fractionation and Analysis of Polysaccharides from Leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

The water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer were totally fractionated into one neutral fraction(GLPN-1),six acidic fractions(GLPN-2,GLPA-1a,GLPA-1b,GLPA-1c,GLPA-2 and GLPA-3) by a combination of ethanol precipitation,ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography.All the fractions were analyzed by determining monosaccharide composition,molecular weight distribution.The results show that GLPN-1 was mainly composed of Gal(38.1%) and Ara(33.6%) and presumed to be an ar...     

Production of antioxidant compounds by culture of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer hairy roots

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy root cultures, established by infecting ginseng root discs with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, were used for secondary metabolite production. In this study, several elicitors [salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), yeast elicitor, and bacterial elicitor] were used to improve the productivity of useful metabolite in P. ginseng hairy root cultures. In SA elicitation, total ginseng saponin content increased slightly at lower elicitor dosages (0.1 to 0.5 mM). Also, the use of ASA as an elicitor resulted in the inhibition of biomass growth and an increase in total ginseng saponin content at every elicitor dosage (0.1 to 1.0 mM) by about 1.1 times. With yeast elicitor addition, hairy root growth was inhibited about 0.8-fold on a dry weight basis compared to the control, but total ginseng saponin content increased by about 1.17 times when compared to the control. The bacterial elicitor showed a slight inhibition of biomass growth, but total ginseng saponin content increased by about 1.23 times upon the addition of 1 mL.