共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Effect of Substrate Concentration on Dark Fermentation Hydrogen Production Using an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of substrate (glucose) concentration on the stability and yield of a continuous fermentative process that produces
hydrogen was studied. Four anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) were operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) from
1 to 8 h and an influent glucose concentration from 2 to 25 g L−1. The reactors were inoculated with thermally pre-treated anaerobic sludge and operated at a temperature of 30 °C with an
influent pH around 5.5 and an effluent pH of about 3.5. The AFBRs with a HRT of 2 h and a feed strength of 2, 4, and 10 g L−1 showed satisfactory H2 production performance, but the reactor fed with 25 g L−1 of glucose did not. The highest hydrogen yield value was obtained in the reactor with a glucose concentration of 2 g L−1 when it was operated at a HRT of 2 h. The maximum hydrogen production rate value was achieved in the reactor with a HRT of
1 h and a feed strength of 10 g L−1. The AFBRs operated with glucose concentrations of 2 and 4 g L−1 produced greater amounts of acetic and butyric acids, while AFBRs with higher glucose concentrations produced a greater amount
of solvents. 相似文献
2.
Talita Corrêa Nazareth Aline Gomes de Oliveira Paranhos Lucas Rodrigues Ramos Edson Luiz Silva 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2018,186(2):400-413
This study evaluated the propionic acid (HPr) production from crude glycerol (CG) (5000 mg L?1) in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Grounded tire particles (2.8–3.35 mm) were used as support material for microbial adhesion. The reactor was operated with hydraulic retention times (HRT) varying from 8 to 0.5 h under mesophilic (30 °C) conditions. The HPr was the main metabolite produced, increasing in composition from 66.5 to 99.6% by decreasing the HRT from 8 to 0.5 h. Other metabolic products were 1,3-propanediol, with a maximum of 29.4% with an HRT of 6 h, ethanol, acetic, and butyric acids. The decrease in HRT from 8 to 0.5 h decreased the HPr yield, with a maximum of 0.48?±?0.06 g HPr g COD?1 and an HRT of 6 h, and favored HPr productivity, with a maximum of 4.09?±?1.24 g L?1 h?1 and HRT of 0.5 h. In the biogas, the H2 content increased from 12.5 to 81.2% by decreasing the HRT from 8 to 0.5 h. These results indicate the potential application of the AFBR for HPr production using an immobilized mixed culture. 相似文献
3.
Microporous divinyl benzene copolymer (MDBP) was used for the first time as immobilization material for Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 cells in a bed reactor and ethanol production from glucose was studied as a model system. A very homogenous thick
layer of yeast cells were seen from the scanning electron micrographs on the outer walls of biopolymer. The dried weight of
the cells was found to be approximately 2 g per gram of cell supporting material. Hydrophobic nature of polymer is an important
factor increasing cell adhesion on polymer pieces. The dynamic flow conditions through the biomaterial due to its microporous
architecture prevented exopolysaccharide matrix formation around cells and continuous washing out of toxic metabolites and
dead and degraded cells from the reactor provided less diffusional limitations and dynamic living environment to the cells.
In order to see the ethanol production performance of immobilized yeast cells, a large initial concentration range of glucose
between 6.7 and 300 g/l was studied at 1 ml/min in continuous packed-bed reactor. The inhibition effect of glucose with increasing
initial concentration was observed at above 150 g/l, a relatively high substrate concentration. The continuous fluid flow
around the microenvironment of the attached cells and mass transferring ability of cell immobilized on MDBP can help in decreasing
the inhibition effect of ethanol accumulation and high substrate concentration in the vicinity of the cells. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Fermentative H(2) production from soybean protein processing wastewater (SPPW) was investigated in a four-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) using anaerobic mixed cultures under continuous flow condition in the present study. After being inoculated with aerobic activated sludge and operated at the inoculants of 5.98?gVSS?L(-1), COD of 5000?mg?L(-1), HRT of 16?h and temperature of (35?±?1) °C for 22?days, the ABR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. The specific hydrogen production rate of anaerobic activated sludge was 165?LH(2)?kg MLVSS(-1)?day(-1), the substrate conversion rate was 600.83?LH(2)?kg COD(-1)and the COD removal efficiency was 44.73% at the stable operation status. The ABR system exhibited a better stability and higher hydrogen yields than continuous stirring tank reactor under the same operational condition. The experimental data documented the feasibility of substrate degradation along with molecular H(2) generation utilizing SPPW as primary carbon source in the ABR system. 相似文献
7.
以壳聚糖为载体,通过正交实验确定了用壳聚糖凝胶微球固定多功能淀粉酶OPMA-N的最适条件:以20 mg/m L戊二醛交联,在25℃及p H=6.5条件下固定1.5 h,但需在引入底物淀粉介导的保护效应后,才能获得良好稳定性的固定化OPMA-N(IOPMA-N),显示了底物保护效应在催化部位占分子中较大区域的酶(如OPMA-N)固定化过程中的重要性.对比分析游离酶与固定化酶的性质与功能发现,在50℃及p H=6.0~7.0条件下,IOPMA-N的表观比活力比游离酶OPMA-N提高3倍以上,催化效率(kcat/Km)提高4倍以上,对弱酸性至中性及常温(30~50℃)环境的耐受性明显高于OPMA-N,并具有良好的操作稳定性和储存稳定性,重复使用15次后,酶活力仍然能够保持75%,在4℃下储存半衰期达31 d,而OPMA-N在4℃下储存5 d后活力基本丧失.催化产物的对比分析结果表明,OPMA-N固定化后,水解活性明显提高,但同时转苷活性有所下降,这与已报道的OPMA-N分子中2种催化活力存在平衡机制的结论一致,同时也表明在OPMA-N的固定化中底物淀粉对其水解活性有明显的保护作用,但对其转苷活性几乎无贡献. 相似文献
8.
The seeds of Azadirachta indica contain azadirachtin and other limonoids, which can be used as a biopesticide for crop protection. Significant variability and availability of seed only in arid zones has triggered biotechnological production of biopesticides to cope up with its huge requirement. Batch cultivation of A. indica suspension culture was carried out in statistically optimized media (25.0 g/l glucose, 5.7 g/l nitrate, 0.094 g/l phosphate and 5 g/l inoculum) in 3 l stirred tank bioreactor. This resulted in 15.5 g/l biomass and 0.05 g/l azadirachtin production in 10 days leading to productivity of 5 mg l(-1) day(-1). Possible inhibition by the limiting substrates (C, N, P) were also studied and maximum inhibitory concentrations identified. The batch kinetic/inhibitory data were then used to develop and identify an unstructured mathematical model. The batch model was extrapolated to simulate continuous cultivation with and without cell retention in the bioreactor. Several offline computer simulations were done to identify right nutrient feeding strategies (with respect to key limiting substrates; carbon, nitrate and phosphate) to maintain non-limiting and non-inhibitory substrate concentrations in bioreactor. One such continuous culture (with cell retention) simulation was experimentally implemented. In this cultivation, the cells were propagated batch-wise for 8 days. It was then converted to continuous cultivation by feeding MS salts with glucose (75 g/l), nitrate (10 g/l), and phosphate (0.5 g/l) at a feed rate of 500 ml/day and withdrawing the spent medium at the same rate. The above continuous cultivation (with cell retention) demonstrated an improvement in cell growth to 95.8 g/l and intracellular accumulation of 0.38 g/l azadirachtin in 40 days leading to an overall productivity of 9.5 mg l(-1) day(-1). 相似文献
9.
DongWon Choi David C. Chipman Scott C. Bents Robert C. Brown 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,160(4):1032-1046
A techno-economic analysis was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a gasification-based hybrid biorefinery producing
both hydrogen gas and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable polymer materials that can be an attractive substitute for
conventional petrochemical plastics. The biorefinery considered used switchgrass as a feedstock and converted that raw material
through thermochemical methods into syngas, a gaseous mixture composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The syngas
was then fermented using Rhodospirillum rubrum, a purple non-sulfur bacterium, to produce PHA and to enrich hydrogen in the syngas. Total daily production of the biorefinery
was assumed to be 12 Mg of PHA and 50 Mg of hydrogen gas. Grassroots capital for the biorefinery was estimated to be 55 million, with annual operating costs at55 million,
with annual operating costs at 6.7 million. With a market value of 2.00/kg assumed for the hydrogen, the cost of producing PHA was determined to be2.00/kg assumed for the hydrogen, the cost of producing
PHA was determined to be 1.65/kg. 相似文献
10.
Annapurna Jetty Ravichandra Potumarthi A. Gangagni Rao B. Sarva Rao S. V. Ramakrishna 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2009,159(2):579-588
Oxytetracycline (OT) production using glutaraldehyde cross-linked calcium alginate immobilized cells of Streptomyces varsoviensis in continuous fluidized bed reactor (FBR) was investigated. Initially, batch experiments were carried in stirred tank reactor
(STR) and FBR using calcium alginate immobilized cells. Higher OT production of 0.45 gm/L was achieved by FBR when compared
with 0.33 g/L of OT in STR. All subsequent studies were carried out in continuous mode of operation in FBR. During 21 days
of operation, effect of glucose concentration and different dilution rates were studied. A maximum of 0.75 g/L OT was achieved
in the medium having 10 g/L of glucose concentration. The highest OT concentration of 0.92 g/L and the highest yield of OT
with respect to biomass at 0.1713 g/g were obtained at the dilution rate of 0.25 day−1. 相似文献
11.
Binod Rijal Gwen Biersbach William R. Gibbons Scott W. Pryor 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2014,174(2):845-854
Switchgrass (SG), corn stover (CS), and prairie cordgrass (PCG) pretreated with ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) were densified using a novel low-temperature, low-pressure densification method. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) were performed with loose and densified AFEX-treated biomass to determine the effect of post-AFEX densification. Biomass particle size reduction before pretreatment increased 144-h SSF ethanol yields from densified material by 8–9 % although no significant differences were seen in the first 72 h. Grinding material after densification had no impact on final ethanol yields but increased production rates in the first 24–48 h. Low-pressure, post-AFEX densification had no adverse effects on SSF ethanol yields from SG or CS but reduced yields from densified PCG by 16 %. Glucose concentrations after hydrolysis (SHF) showed similar trends. Ethanol yields after SHF, however, showed that densification had no significant impact on CS or PCG but reduced final ethanol yields from SG. 相似文献
12.
13.
Recent progress on the chemical immobilization of heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst on inorganic mesoporous material is reported in this review. Mesostructured cellular foam silica, mesoporous carbon, and nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon were used as supporting materials. The mesoporous materials were modified to have a positive charge, and thus, to provide sites for the immobilization of HPA catalyst. By taking advantage of the overall negative charge of heteropolyanion, the HPA catalyst was chemically immobilized on the surface-modified mesoporous material as a charge-compensating component. Characterization results showed that the HPA catalyst was finely and molecularly dispersed on the surface of mesoporous material via strong chemical immobilization, and that the pore structure of mesoporous material was still maintained even after the immobilization of HPA catalyst. The supported HPA catalysts were applied to the model vapor-phase ethanol conversion, 2-propanol conversion, and methacrolein oxidation reactions. The supported HPA catalyst showed a better oxidation catalytic activity than the unsupported HPA catalyst in the model reactions. The enhanced oxidation catalytic performance of the supported HPA catalyst was attributed to the finely dispersed HPA catalyst, which was chemically immobilized on the positive site of mesoporous material by sacrificing its proton (Brönsted acid site). The HPA catalyst chemically immobilized on mesoporous material served as an excellent oxidation catalyst. 相似文献
14.
Cagdas Gonen Mine Gungormusler Nuri Azbar 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2012,168(8):2136-2147
In this study, pumice stone (PS), which is a vastly available material in Turkey, was evaluated as an alternative immobilization material in comparison to other commercially available immobilization materials such as glass beads and polyurethane foam. All immobilized bioreactors resulted in much better 1,3-propanediol production from waste glycerol in comparison to the suspended cell culture bioreactor. It was also demonstrated that the locally available PS material is as good as the commercially available immobilization material. The maximum volumetric productivity (8.5?g?L?1?h?1) was obtained by the PS material, which is 220?% higher than the suspended cell system. Furthermore, the immobilized bioreactor system was much more robust against cell washout even at very low hydraulic retention time values. 相似文献
15.
Influence of Support Type and Metal Loading in Methane Decomposition over Iron Catalyst for Hydrogen Production 下载免费PDF全文
Ahmed A. Ibrahim Ahmed S. Al‐Fatesh Wasim U. Khan Mostafa A. Soliman Raja L. AL Otaibi Anis H. Fakeeha 《中国化学会会志》2015,62(7):592-599
Natural gas resources, stimulate the method of catalytic methane decomposition. Hydrogen is a superb energy carrier and integral component of the present energy systems, while carbon nanotubes exhibit remarkable chemical and physical properties. The reaction was run at 700 °C in a fixed bed reactor. Catalyst calcination and reduction were done at 500 °C. MgO, TiO2 and Al2O3 supported catalysts were prepared using a co‐precipitation method. Catalysts of different iron loadings were characterized with BET, TGA, XRD, H2‐TPR and TEM. The catalyst characterization revealed the formation of multi‐walled nanotubes. Alternatively, time on stream tests of supported catalyst at 700 °C revealed the relative profiles of methane conversions increased as the %Fe loading was increased. Higher %Fe loadings decreased surface area of the catalyst. Iron catalyst supported with Al2O3 exhibited somewhat higher catalytic activity compared with MgO and TiO2 supported catalysts when above 35% Fe loading was used. CH4 conversion of 69% was obtained utilizing 60% Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. Alternatively, Fe/MgO catalysts gave the highest initial conversions when iron loading below 30% was employed. Indeed, catalysts with 15% Fe/MgO gave 63% conversion and good stability for 1 h time on stream. Inappropriateness of Fe/TiO2 catalysts in the catalytic methane decomposition was observed. 相似文献
16.
Pawe Kubica Agnieszka Szopa Adam Kokotkiewicz Natalizia Miceli Maria Fernanda Taviano Alessandro Maugeri Santa Cirmi Alicja Synowiec Magorzata Gniewosz Hosam O. Elansary Eman A. Mahmoud Diaa O. El-Ansary Omaima Nasif Maria Luczkiewicz Halina Ekiert 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(23)
Callus, suspension and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis were established, and optimized for biomass growth and production of phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids. All types of cultures were maintained on/in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. The inoculum sizes were optimized in callus and suspension cultures. Moreover, the growth of the culture in two different types of bioreactors—a balloon bioreactor (BB) and a stirred-tank bioreactor (STB) was tested. In methanolic extracts from biomass of all types of in vitro cultures the presence of the same metabolites—verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and six phenolic acids: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids was confirmed and quantified by the HPLC-DAD method. In the extracts from lyophilized culture media, no metabolites were found. The main metabolites in biomass extracts were verbascoside and isoverbascoside. Their maximum amounts in g/100 g DW (dry weight) in the tested types of cultures were as follow: 7.25 and 0.61 (callus), 7.06 and 0.48 (suspension), 7.69 and 0.31 (BB), 9.18 and 0.34 (STB). The amounts of phenolic acids were many times lower, max. total content reached of 26.90, 50.72, 19.88, and 36.78 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The highest content of verbascoside and also a high content of isoverbascoside obtained in STB (stirred-tank bioreactor) were 5.3 and 7.8 times higher than in extracts from overground parts of the parent plant. In the extracts from parent plant two iridoids—verbenalin and hastatoside, were also abundant. All investigated biomass extracts and the extracts from parent plant showed the antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The strongest activities were documented for the cultures maintained in STB. We propose extracts from in vitro cultured biomass of vervain, especially from STB, as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 相似文献
17.
Na Li Fenglin Yang Huining Xiao Jian Zhang Qingwei Ping 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2018,184(4):1219-1231
A methane production system with continuous stirred-tank reactor, rumen liquid as inoculate microorganisms, and paper mill excess sludge (PES) as feedstock was studied. The work mainly focused on revealing the effect of feedstock concentration on the biogas production, which was seldom reported previously for the current system. The optimal fermentation conditions were found as follows: pH = 7, T = 39 ± 1 °C, sludge retention time is 20 days, sludge with total solids (TS) are 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 10, and 13% in weight. Daily gas yields were measured, and biogas compositions were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Under such conditions, the optimum input TS was 10 wt%, and the biogas yield and volume gas productivity were 280.2 mL/g·TS and 1188.4 mL L?1·d?1, respectively. The proportions of CH4 and CO2 in the biogas were 65.1 and 34.2%. The CH4 yield reached 182.7 mL/g VS (volatile suspended solid), which was higher than previously reported values. The findings of this work have a significant effect on promoting the application of digesting PES by rumen microorganisms and further identified the technical parameter. 相似文献
18.
研究了一种新型的氧化铝/聚乙二醇(Al2O3/PEG)溶胶凝胶复合材料,利用红外光谱、探针电镜对材料的性能进行了表征。试验结果表明:复合膜中含有大量的羟基和氢键,且两种组分形成互穿网络,该材料刚柔相济的特点使其适合于做生物传感器的固定化材料。PEG是极性高聚物,在溶胶凝胶的体系中,可以起到加速反应及防止膜开裂的作用。Al2O3/PEG复合材料对酶具有较好的生物相容性和较高的稳定性,将生物酶固定其中制备成的生物传感器具有良好的反应活性,同时,还证明了这种生物传感器具有稳定性和灵敏度高的特点。 相似文献
19.
A novel hybrid epoxy/nano CaCO3 composite matrix for catalase immobilization was prepared by polymerizing epoxy resin in the presence of CaCO3 nanoparticles. The hybrid support was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Catalase was successfully immobilized onto epoxy/nano CaCO3 support with a conjugation yield of 0.67?±?0.01 mg/cm2 and 92.63?±?0.80 % retention of activity. Optimum pH and optimum temperature of free and immobilized catalases were found to be 7.0 and 35 °C. The value of K m for H2O2 was higher for immobilized enzyme (31.42 mM) than native enzyme (27.73 mM). A decrease in V max value from 1,500 to 421.10 μmol (min mg protein)?1 was observed after immobilization. Thermal and storage stabilities of catalase improved immensely after immobilization. Immobilized enzyme retained three times than the activity of free enzyme when kept at 75 °C for 1 h and the half-life of enzyme increased five times when stored in phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 7.0) at 5 °C. The enzyme could be reused 30 times without any significant loss of its initial activity. Desorption of catalase from the hybrid support was minimum at pH 7.0. 相似文献
20.
Bimodally porous titania powders were made by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) dissolved in various alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and sec-butanol). The specific surface area (SSA) of the powders dried at 150 degrees C ranged from 332 to 624 m(2)/g as determined by nitrogen adsorption. At excess alcohol concentration, the SSA of the dried powders decreased in the order of sec-butanol, iso-propanol, ethanol, and methanol at a constant alcohol/TTIP molar ratio. The pore size distribution was bimodal with fine intraparticle pore diameters at 1-6 nm and larger interparticle pore diameters at 30-120 nm as determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The average intraparticle pore diameter decreased with increasing alcohol concentration for methanol and ethanol, while it was rather constant at 3.3 nm, irrespective of alcohol concentration for iso-propanol and sec-butanol. The evolution of particle phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction ranging from amorphous to crystalline anatase and rutile largely proportional to the calcination temperature and to a lesser extent on the type and concentration of alcohols. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献