Controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant ions in JET with the wave-induced pinch effect

Experiments on the JET tokamak show that the wave-induced pinch in the presence of toroidally asymmetric waves can provide a tool for controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant 3He ions. Direct evidence for the wave-induced pinch has been obtained from the measured gamma-ray emission profiles. Concurrent differences in the excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs), sawtooth stabilization, electron temperatures, and fast-ion stored energies are observed. The measured location of the AEs and gamma-ray emission profiles are consistent with the fast-ion radial gradient providing the drive for AEs.     

Observation of odd toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes

Experimental evidence is presented for the existence of the theoretically predicted odd toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) from the simultaneous appearance of odd and even TAEs in a normal shear discharge of the joint European torus. The modes are observed in low central magnetic shear plasmas created by injecting lower hybrid current drive. A fast ion population was created by applying ion cyclotron heating at the high-field side to excite the TAEs. The odd TAEs were identified from their frequency, mode number, and timing relative to the even TAEs.     

基于超环面晶体的X射线成像诊断

设计了可用于X射线成像用的聚焦型超环面晶体谱仪,讨论了基于布拉格几何结构的超环面及球面弯曲晶体聚焦特性,给出了基于超环面晶体X射线2维单能成像的光源、晶体及探测器的最佳位置,在中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心进行了X射线背光成像实验.利用超环面弯曲晶体作为成像器件,其弧矢及子午平面的曲率半径分别为290 mm及190...     

Toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode zonal flow in a tokamak plasma

The toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flows is identified with toroidally distributed three step Langmuir probes at the edge of the HuanLiuqi-2A (commonly referred to as HL-2A) tokamak plasmas for the first time. High coherence of both the GAM and the ambient turbulence for the toroidally displaced measurements along a magnetic field line is observed, in contrast with the high coherence of the GAM but low coherence of the ambient turbulence when the toroidally displaced measurements are not along the same field line. The radial and poloidal features of the flows are also simultaneously determined. The nonlinear three wave coupling between the high frequency turbulent fluctuations and the flows is demonstrated to be a plausible formation mechanism of the flows.     

Anomalous flattening of the fast-ion profile during Alfvén-Eigenmode activity

Neutral-beam injection into plasmas with negative central shear produces a rich spectrum of toroidicity-induced and reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes in the DIII-D tokamak. The first application of fast-ion D_{alpha} (FIDA) spectroscopy to Alfvén-eigenmode physics shows that the central fast-ion profile is anomalously flat in the inner half of the discharge. Neutron and equilibrium measurements corroborate the FIDA data. The current density driven by fast ions is also strongly modified. Calculations based on the measured mode amplitudes do not explain the observed fast-ion transport.     

Observation of weak impact of a stochastic magnetic field on fast-ion confinement

Fast ions are observed to be very well confined in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch despite the presence of stochastic magnetic field. The fast-ion energy loss is consistent with the classical slowing down rate, and their confinement time is longer than expected by stochastic estimates. Fast-ion confinement is measured from the decay of d-d neutrons following a short pulse of a 20 keV atomic deuterium beam. Ion confinement agrees with computation of particle trajectories in the stochastic magnetic field, and is understood through consideration of ion guiding center islands.     

Fast-ion dynamics in the TEXTOR tokamak measured by collective Thomson scattering

Here we present the first measurements by collective Thomson scattering of the evolution of fast-ion populations in a magnetically confined fusion plasma. 150 kW and 110 Ghz radiation from a gyrotron were scattered in the TEXTOR tokamak plasma with energetic ions generated by neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating. The temporal behavior of the spatially resolved fast-ion velocity distribution is inferred from the received scattered radiation. The fast-ion dynamics at sawteeth and the slowdown after switch off of auxiliary heating is resolved in time. The latter is shown to be in close agreement with modeling results.     

Fast-ion losses due to high-frequency MHD perturbations in the ASDEX upgrade Tokamak

Time-resolved energy and pitch angle measurements of fast-ion losses correlated in frequency and phase with high-frequency magnetohydrodynamic perturbations have been obtained for the first time in a magnetic fusion device and are presented here. A detailed analysis of fast-ion losses due to toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes has revealed the existence of a new core-localized magnetohydrodynamic perturbation, the sierpes mode. The sierpes mode is a non-Alfvénic instability which dominates the losses of fast ions in ion cyclotron resonance heated discharges, and it is named for its footprint in the spectrograms ("sierpes" means "snake" in Spanish). The sierpes mode has been reconstructed by means of highly resolved multichord soft-x-ray measurements.     

The fast-ion transition in FCC silver iodide

An analysis of previously reported data on electrical conductivity, adiabatic temperature change with pressure, and sound velocity confirms that the FCC phase of AgI has a fast-ion type II transition. This results in a steepening of the FCC/α-phase boundary which probably cusps in to a triple point at the α-phase order/disorder transition. Thermal expansion, compressibility and heat capacity are calculated for the FCC phase.     

EAST中快离子Dα诊断光电检测系统的设计

设计了具有高时间和空间分辨率EAST 快离子D_α 的光电检测系统,它由16 路光电倍增管(PMT)和电流放大器(采用蓝宝石材料代替传统印刷板电路)构成。为了使快离子D_α (FIDA)信号在中性束注入时能从其他光源的在同一光谱范围内的谱线中检测出来,系统参数设计为整体光子-电压增益5.0×10⁹、电流放大器增益10⁶V/A、-3dB 带宽500kHz。实验结果表明,该光电检测系统可以很好的检测到快离子D_α (FIDA)信号,并有助于从D_α 光的多普勒偏移光谱推断快离子特性。     

Neutron quasielastic scattering from dynamic disorder in PbF2 and BaF2

Coherent neutron quasielastic scattering has been observed from powder samples of PbF₂, and BaF₂, at temperatures above their transition to fast-ion conduction. The scattering is found to be similar to that previously observed in SrCl₂ and CaF₂, suggesting that it stems from a mechanism common to these fluorites in their fast-ion phase.     

EAST �п�����Dα ��Ϲ����ϵͳ�����

The D_α signal photoelectric detection system with high temporal and spatial resolution consists of 16 channels, each channel consists of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and a current amplifier based on a sapphire material instead of a conventional printed circuit board. In order to enable the detection of the fast-ion D_α (FIDA) signal from other light sources of the same spectral range when a neutral beam is injected, the system parameters were designed with a total photon-to-voltage gain of 5.0×10⁹, the current amplifier with a current-to-voltage gain of 106V/A and a −3dB bandwidth at 500kHz. The EAST discharge experiment showed that the FIDA signal was well detected by this photoelectric detection system and the fast-ion properties were deduced from the Doppler shift spectrum of the D_α light.     

Cavitation bubble dynamics inside liquid drops in microgravity

We studied spark-generated cavitation bubbles inside water drops produced in microgravity. High-speed visualizations disclosed unique effects of the spherical and nearly isolated liquid volume. In particular, (1) toroidally collapsing bubbles generate two liquid jets escaping from the drop, and the "splash jet" discloses a remarkable broadening. (2) Shock waves induce a strong form of secondary cavitation due to the particular shock wave confinement. This feature offers a novel way to estimate integral shock wave energies in isolated volumes. (3) Bubble lifetimes in drops are shorter than in extended volumes in remarkable agreement with herein derived corrective terms for the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.     

Evolution of filament structures during edge-localized modes in the MAST Tokamak

Edge-localized modes (ELMs) are repetitive instabilities that occur in the outer region of tokamak plasmas. This Letter provides new information on and the implications of the evolution of the filament structures observed during ELMs in the MAST tokamak. The filaments exist for the time over which particles are being released into the scrape off layer. They start off at the plasma edge rotating at the velocity of the pedestal, and then decelerate toroidally and accelerate radially outwards. As the filaments propagate radially they remain aligned with the local magnetic field line.     

On the theory of ion-beam plasma instability

High-and low-frequency convective instabilities of an ion beam in a longitudinal magnetic field in the presence of the gas entering the ion transportation channel from the plasma source are studied theoretically. Spatial growth rates of the beam instabilities are found and mechanisms for the nonlinear saturation of potential oscillations are investigated in the hydrodynamic approximation. The averaged (over the oscillation period) effective beam emittance associated with collective fast-ion heating is determined. The results obtained can be applied to calculating the dynamics of negative ion beams in the injectors of linear and cyclic accelerators.     

Electrostatic lattice sums for semi-infinite lattices

The techniques for the rapid computation of energies of three-dimensional neutral periodic assemblies of charged particles are extended to semi-infinite arrays and assemblies of ions in infinite filsm. The results will be useful for simulation of ionic movements in fast-ion conductors and dense colloidal dispersions.     

Strong "quantum" chaos in the global ballooning mode spectrum of three-dimensional plasmas

The spectrum of ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure-driven (ballooning) modes in strongly nonaxisymmetric toroidal systems is difficult to analyze numerically owing to the singular nature of ideal MHD caused by lack of an inherent scale length. In this paper, ideal MHD is regularized by using a k-space cutoff, making the ray tracing for the WKB ballooning formalism a chaotic Hamiltonian billiard problem. The minimum width of the toroidal Fourier spectrum needed for resolving toroidally localized ballooning modes with a global eigenvalue code is estimated from the Weyl formula. This phase-space-volume estimation method is applied to two stellarator cases.     

Direct evidence of a characteristic length scale of a dynamical nature in the Boolchand phase of glasses

The ac conductivity spectra of xAgI-(1 - x)AgPO(3) fast-ion conducting glasses spanning the flexible, intermediate (isostatically rigid), and stressed rigid phases are analyzed. The rescaled frequency-dependent spectra are mapped into time-dependent mean-square displacements out of which a typical length scale characterizing the spatial extent sqrt[(R(2)(∞))] of nonrandom subdiffusive regions of ionic motions is computed. The latter quantity is studied as a function of AgI compositions, and is found to display a maximum isostatic compositions, providing the first clear evidence of a typical length scale of a dynamical nature when a system becomes isostatically rigid and enters that phase.     

Four-dimensional supersymmetric black holes of type IIA superstring

We systematically construct a large class of four-dimensional supersymmetric black hole solutions of toroidally compactified type IIA superstring theory by explicitly solving the Killing spinor equations. They correspond to orthogonally intersecting configurations in ten dimensions. With the Kaluza-Klein monopole, they are parameterized by four charges and preserve of the N = 8 supersymmetry. We found a simple map to associate each charge with the corresponding Killing spinor constraints. The embedding of the N = 4 supersymmetry of a toroidally compactified heterotic string into the N = 8 supersymmetry of the IIA superstring was explicitly shown. We also found explicitly the configurations with only Ramond-Ramond charges, and those with both Neveu-Schwarz Neveu-Schwarz charges and Ramond-Ramond charges, including the dilaton and the internal metrics. The T-dual of these configurations were shown to satisfy the Killing spinor equations as well.