Internal noise stochastic resonance in CO oxidation on nm-sized palladium particles

The constructive roles of noise and disorder in nonlinear system have been extensively studied in the last two decades. Among them the most well known phenomenon is stochastic resonance[1], which demon-strates that noise can help a nonlinear system to det…     

Stochastic bi-resonance in non-isothermal carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation system

The Pt(110)/CO O2 system subject to reaction heat, heat conduction and radiative heat transfer is non-isothermal and its temperature varies in time and space. In this paper, taking support temperature (ST) as the control parameter, the effect of the ST fluctuations in the oscillatory dynamics of the non-isothermal Pt(110)/CO O2 system is numerically studied. It is found that the ST fluctuations may induce stochastic oscillations and the oscillations exhibit stochastic bi-resonance (SBR) with the change of the strength or correlation time of the fluctuations. This result shows that the temperature fluctuations may enhance the chemical reaction oscillations. Moreover, the system can selectively and repeatedly employ the temperature fluctuations to enhance its reaction oscillations. It is also shown when the distance of the ST temperature to the oscillatory region increases a little, the effect of the temperature fluctuations would obviously weaken.     

Swallowtail model for predicting the global bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation reactions

Catalytic CO oxidation on platinum group metals exhibits nonlinear phenomena such as hysteresis and bifurcation.Elucidation of the nonlinear mechanisms is important for catalyst design and control of reaction routes.Previous studies have offered initial insights into the local bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation.However,since the bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation is determined by multiple parameters such as temperature,total flux,and CO fraction,it is difficult to predict the global bifurcation behavior...     

Stochastic resonance in surface catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide induced by colored noise

Noise is generally considered as a disadvanta-geous factor, which would smear weak signals, there-fore, people always try to reduce its influence. How-ever, recent studies show that, for a nonlinear system, under certain circumstances, noise can enhance sys-tem抯 response to a signal. At specific noise intensity, the response of a system to a weak signal may reach its maximum, which is called 搒tochastic resonance?(SR). The concept of SR was originally put forward by Benzi and his collaborat…     

Catalytic performance and structural characterization of ferric oxide and its composite oxides supported gold catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

The preparation and catalytic activity of ferric oxide and its composite oxides supported gold catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were investigated detailedly, and characterized extensively by XRD, XPS, TPR, EC and XAFS techniques. It was found that containing highly dispersed Au of partially oxidized state, these nano-structured oxides supported Au/Fe2O3 and Au/NiFe2O4 catalysts had higher low-temperature activities. The possible catalytic active center is the gold of partially oxidized state (Auζ+).     

二氧化铈表面氧的活化及对氧化反应的催化作用

稀土催化材料的研究和发展为La和Ce等高丰度稀土元素的高质、高效利用提供了有效的途径．Ce基催化剂由于具有优异的储放氧性能,在氧化反应中得到广泛应用．本文介绍了采用理论模拟的方法,在研究Ce的4f轨道和结构弛豫对CeO2氧空位的形成和迁移中的作用以及作为载体时助催化作用的最新研究成果,提出了铈锆固溶体高储放氧性能的本质原因,为进一步制备高性能的氧化铈基储放氧材料和催化剂提供了理论基础．同时,对铈基催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧、CO催化氧化和卤代烃催化燃烧等反应中的应用和催化作用进行了综述,重点讨论了CeO2及其复合催化剂的氧化还原性能与其活性之间的关系．最后对在铈基催化剂研究中存在的问题和发展思路提出了思考和展望．     

Co3O4 nanosheets: synthesis and catalytic application for CO oxidation at room temperature

Hexagonal β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets with edge length of 50 nm and thickness of 10 nm were hydrothermally synthesized with the aid of triethylamine.Upon calcination at 350°C in air,the β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets was converted into Co3O4 nanosheets with a similar dimension.Structural analyses during the calcination process identified that the β-Co(OH)2 precursor was initially dehydrated to HCoO2 and subsequently transferred into Co3O4.When being applied to catalyze CO oxidation at room temperature,the Co3O4 nanosheets exhibited a higher activity than the conventional spherical nanoparticles.This was perhaps related to the partial exposure of the{112}planes over the Co3O4 nanosheets.The porous structure generated during the calcination process also provided significant amounts of surface defects,which might contribute to the enhanced catalytic activity as well.     

二氧化硅孔结构对CO氧化用担载型纳米金催化剂的影响

采用三种不同孔结构的二氧化硅材料为载体,应用沉积沉淀法制备担载型纳米金催化剂。以CO催化氧化为模型反应,并结合低温N₂吸附脱附、X射线物相分析、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等技术考察三种二氧化硅载体对纳米金催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂中金纳米颗粒与载体孔结构呈现出良好的对应关系,比表面积大、孔径小且分布均匀的二氧化硅制备的金催化剂颗粒粒径最小,CO氧化活性最高。在18 000 mL/(h·g_cat)、v(CO)/v(O₂)/v(Ar)=1/21/78的反应条件下,其CO完全转化温度为560 K。     

Zirconia supported La, Co oxides and LaCoO3 perovskite: structural characterization and catalytic CO oxidation

ZrO₂-supported La, Co oxide catalysts with different La, Co loading (2, 6, 8, 12 and 16 wt.% as LaCoO₃) were prepared by impregnation of tetragonal ZrO₂ with equimolar amounts of La and Co citrate precursors and calcination at 1073 K. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and BET specific surface area determination. Catalytic CO oxidation was performed at 298–800 K. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal zirconia with traces of the monoclinic phase. LaCoO₃ perovskite was also detected for loading higher than 6%. XAS experiments suggested that at high loading LaCoO₃ and Co₃O₄ were formed, while at low loading, La, Co oxide species interacting with support, and hard to be structurally defined, prevailed. The catalysis study evidenced that the catalytic activity was due to segregated and highly dispersed cobalt oxide species.     

沉积-沉淀-微波干燥法制备金属氧化物负载的金簇合物及其在CO氧化和 硫化物氧化反应中的催化性能

采用沉积-沉淀法再辅以微波干燥和焙烧制备了金属氧化物负载的金簇合物和小的金纳米粒子.干燥方法影响了金颗粒尺寸.在炉干燥过程中Au(III)因部分还原而致使Au聚集.相反,在微波干燥下,因快速和加热均一而使Au(III)得以保持,在Al2O3上负载的Au颗粒尺寸小至1.4 nm.该法可用于具有几种不同微波吸收效率的金属氧化物载体,如MnO2,Al2O3和TiO2.这些催化剂在低温CO氧化和硫化物选择有氧氧化反应中的催化活性比常规方法制备的更高.     

氮化硼负载的高分散Au-CuOx纳米颗粒用于低温CO氧化

负载型金催化剂显示出高的低温CO氧化活性,其催化性能与载体的性质密切相关.近年来,六方氮化硼作为一种新型催化材料引起了极大关注.已有研究表明,二维结构的氮化硼纳米片有利于传质扩散,并且暴露出大量的表面和边缘,作为新型非金属催化剂在烷烃氧化脱氢中表现出优异的活性.同时,CO氧化反应是强放热过程,氮化硼具有优良的导热性能,...     

Weakly bound oxygen in the catalytic CO oxidation and exoemission from complex oxides having a spinel structure

The catalytic activity of complex oxides M^IM^II ₂O₄ (M^I=Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, or Mg; M^II=Mn or Cr) with a spinel structure in the oxidation of CO and the low-temperature (20–400°C) exoemission of negative charges from their surface were investigated. A relationship between the catalytic activity and the emissivity of the systems under study was found. The role of the charged species of weakly bound oxygen in exoemission and oxidative catalysis by the complex oxides is discussed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1618–1621, September, 1997.     

原位还原法制备Ag/SBA-15及其对CO的催化氧化

以原位还原的方法一步合成了Ag/SBA-15复合催化剂,通过粉末XRD、TEM、ICP-AES和低温氮气吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行了表征.考察了不同催化剂对CO催化活性的影响,结果表明当金属纳米的尺寸大小为6~8nm左右,银的含量为6.86%时(Ag/SBA-15-3)的催化活性最高,在120℃时就可使CO完全氧化,可以重复使用,在100%的转化温度时保持200min转化率仍不降低.     

CO oxidation over supported Pt clusters at different CO coverage

CO adsorption and oxidation over supported Pt₁₄ with different CO coverage on TiO₂(110) surface were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and thermodynamic analysis. According to the phase diagram, Pt₁₄/TiO₂(110) and 11CO@Pt₁₄/TiO₂(110) were chosen to represent the low and high CO coverage of Pt clusters, respectively. Our study shows that the high coverage of CO can induce the structural change of supported Pt clusters and weaken the interaction between Pt clusters and TiO₂ support. The CO adsorption and oxidation mechanism depends on the CO coverage, which is determined by the experimental reactant composition, pressure, and temperature. At low CO coverage, the dissociated oxygen is active specie to form CO₂ by reacting with CO. At high coverage, the molecular oxygen can directly react with CO via the formation of OOCO intermediate. Our proposed mechanisms provide useful information for understanding the CO oxidation over Pt clusters with different CO coverage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

非贵金属催化剂用于CO选择性氧化脱除的研究

以Co和Ni为催化剂活性组分、活性炭为载体,通过饱和浸渍法制得非贵金属催化剂,采用XRD、SEM和TPD对催化剂性能进行表征,考察了该催化剂用于富氢气中CO选择性氧化活性及H₂O或/和CO₂对催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,催化剂以NiO和高分散的Co₃O₄为主要物相,催化剂吸附O₂的能力随着金属氧化物负载量的增加而增加,且催化剂对O₂分子的吸附能力明显强于CO₂分子。金属氧化物负载量为35%的催化剂表现出较高的CO选择性氧化活性和选择性,在低于473K时O₂氧化选择性达50%以上,此时可将CO浓度降到40×10^-6以下,达到燃料电池对氢燃料气的要求。同时,催化剂表现出较强的抗水蒸气和CO₂的能力。     

湿式催化氧化技术研究进展

现代化学工业的迅速发展促进了经济的快速发展,但与此同时进入水体的化学物质的种类和数量也急剧增加,给环境带来了很大的危害.因此,发展高浓度、有毒、有害的有机工业废水的高效处理技术,就显得日趋紧迫和十分重要,得到了人们的广泛关注.     

Canard explosion and internal signal stochastic bi-resonance in the CO oxidation on platinum surface

Canard explosion means a dramatic change fromsmall amplitude quasi-harmonic oscillation to largeamplitude relaxation oscillation, accompanied by anexponential increase of period, of a limit cycle withina very narrow interval of a control parameter. Thisphenomenon was first found in the Van Der Pol equa-tions[1], and later has been found also in chemical[2]and biological[3] systems. Generally speaking, it is theresult of multi-time scales in the system, and can bedealt with singular perturbati…     

CO oxidation on Ta-Modified SnO2 solid solution catalysts

Co-precipitation method was adopted to prepare Sn–Ta mixed oxide catalysts with different Sn/Ta molar ratios and used for CO oxidation. The catalysts were investigated by N₂-Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (N₂-BET), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), Thermal Gravity Analysis – Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA–DSC) techniques. It is revealed that a small amount of Ta cations can be doped into SnO₂ lattice to form solid solution by co-precipitation method, which resulted in samples having higher surface areas, improved thermal stability and more deficient oxygen species on the surface of SnO₂. As a result, those Sn rich Sn–Ta solid solution catalysts with an Sn/Ta molar ratio higher than 4/2 showed significantly enhanced activity as well as good resistance to water deactivation. It is noted here that if tantala disperses onto SnO₂ surface instead of doping into its lattice, it will then have negative effect on its activity.     

Synthesis of porous hematite nanorods loaded with CuO nanocrystals as catalysts for CO oxidation

Porous hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanorods with the diameter of 20-40 nm and the length of 80-300 nm were synthesized by a simple surfactant-assisted method in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).The α-Fe2O3 nanorods possess a mesostructure with a pore size distribution in the range of 5-12 nm and high surface area,exhibiting high catalytic activity for CO oxidation.CuO nanocrystals were loaded on the surface of porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods by a deposition-precipitation method,and the catalysts exhibited superior activity for catalytic oxidation of CO,as compared with commercial α-Fe2O3 powders supported CuO catalyst.The enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to the strong interaction between the CuO nanocrystals and the support of porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods.     

Exoemission and catalytic activity of oxides with perovskite and spinel structures in the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons

Low-temperature (20—400 °C) exoemission of negative charges from mixed oxides having the perovskite structure M¹M²O₃ (M¹ = La; M² = Co, Mn, Ni) or the spinel structure M¹M² ₂O₄ (M¹ = Cu; M² = Fe, Co, Cr) was studied. The relationship between the catalytic activity in CO, ethylbenzene, and propylene oxidation and the emissivity of the oxides was elucidated. The role of weakly bound oxygen and variable-valence ions in the exoemission and redox catalysis by mixed oxides is discussed.