1,4-双(9-O-奎宁)-2,3-二氮杂萘-OsO4催化烯烃的不对称氨羟化反应

在氧化-供氮试剂N-氯代氨基甲酸苄酯存在下,1,4-双(9-O-奎宁)-2,3-二氮杂萘-OsO4催化剂在5种烯烃的不对称氨羟化反应中表现出极高的对映选择性(85%～99%e.e.)和区域选择性,产率48%～68%.     

Resin-OsO4-金鸡纳生物碱:一种在(E)-二苯乙烯不对称双羟化反应中可循环使用的高效催化剂

用改进的方法把季铵盐共价结合在Merrifield树脂上作为离子交换剂与K2O5O4作用制成Resin—OsO4催化剂，在NaH存在下，以DMF作溶剂，在70℃下奎宁或奎尼丁与1，4-二氯二氮杂萘反应高产率地生成(QN)2PHAL或(QD)2PHAL，Resin—OsO4通过简单过滤可定量回收，回收的催化剂重复使用五次，其活性不变，Resin—OsO4-(QN)2PHAL或(QD)2PHAL催化体系在(E)-二苯乙烯的不对称双羟化反应中的化学产率为84～91％，立体选择性为96-99％ee。     

不对称二羟化反应合成(S)-盐酸普萘洛尔

以双金鸡纳生物碱衍生物1,4-双(9-O-奎尼定)-2,3-二氮杂萘为手性配体催化萘基烯丙基醚的不对称二羟化反应得到(2S)-3-(1-萘氧基)-1,2-丙二醇(2),光学纯度90%e.e..然后一锅法将2转化为(2S)-3-(1-萘氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烷(3);3经异丙胺亲核开环和氯化氢成盐得(S)-盐酸普萘洛尔,总产率45%.     

N,N′-二芳基硫代草酰胺与1,2-二溴乙烷的反应的研究

以N,N′-二芳基二硫代草酰胺与1,2-二溴乙烷进行S烷基化反应,合成了一系列2,3-双芳基亚氨基-1,4-二硫杂环己烷,反应在4 h内完成,产率52%～62%.产物结构经元素分析,IR,1H NMR及MS表征,并以单晶X射线衍射分析进一步确证.     

N，N’-二芳基硫代草酰胺与1，2-二溴乙烷的反应的研究

以N,N'-二芳基二硫代草酰胺与1,2-二溴乙烷进行S烷基化反应,合成了一系列2,3-双芳基亚氨基-1,4-二硫杂环己烷,反应在4h内完成,产率52%～62%.产物结构经元素分析,IR,1HNMR及MS表征,并以单晶X射线衍射分析进一步确证.     

一种可回收手性配体的合成及其对烯烃不对称二羟化反应的催化性能

 用1,4-二氟蒽醌与奎宁(QN)反应可高收率地得到1,4-双-(9-O-奎宁)蒽醌((QN)2AQN),再经OsO4氧化可得到带有4个羟基的手性配体. 在不对称二羟化反应的2种不同体系中,该配体对6种烯烃的反应表现出很高的对映选择性(80%～97%)和催化活性(80%～94%). 该配体不但具有金鸡纳生物碱衍生物小分子配体优异的立体选择性,同时也能象高聚物负载的大分子配体一样能够回收和重复使用,而且用量少,活性高,后处理简单. 在以反式肉桂酸乙酯为底物的不对称二羟化反应中,在t-BuOH-H2O/K3Fe(CN)6体系中循环使用5次(配体平均回收率93%),在Me2CO-H2O/NMO(N-甲基-N-氧吗啉)体系中循环使用8次,配体的催化活性和对映选择性基本保持不变.     

吡啶盐/咪唑盐调控钴萘基二膦酸配位聚合物的结构和性质

通过引入质子化的1,3-二(4-吡啶基)丙烷(1,3-dppH₂²⁺)和双(咪唑-1-甲基)苯(1,4-bixH₂²⁺)作为阳离子模板,采用水热反应,得到3种基于1,4-萘二膦酸(1,4-ndpaH₄)配体的钴萘二膦酸配位聚合物：(1,3-dppH₂)₂[Co₄(1,4-ndpa)(1,4-ndpaH)₂(1,4-ndpaH₂)]·6H₂O (1)、(1,4-bixH₂)_0.5[Co(1,4-ndpaH)](2)和(1,4-bixH₂)_0.5[Co₂(1,4-ndpaH)(1,4-ndpaH₂)(H₂O)₂](3)。对配合物1～3分别进行了元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射、...     

1-肼基-2,3-二氮杂萘盐酸盐的合成新方法

研究了l-肼基-2,3-二氮杂萘盐酸盐的合成新方法.以相对廉价易得的邻苯二甲酸酐为起始原料,依次通过还原、溴代、环合、取代、酸化等反应步骤得到目标产物1-肼基-2,3-二氮杂萘盐酸盐.研究表明该方法具有原料便宜易得、收率高、产物易分离纯化、后处理操作简单、总成本低等优点.     

氧化剂存在下吡啶叶立德与1,4,4a,8a-四氢-1,4-桥亚甲基萘-5,8-二酮的反应

在[(Py)4Co(HCrO₄)₂]存在下,吡啶叶立德、喹啉叶立德或异喹啉叶立德分别和1,4,4a,8a-四氢-1,4-桥亚甲基萘-5,8-二酮反应,一步法合成了中氮茚类多环化合物(1a～1c,2a～2b,3).该方法原料易得,反应条件容易控制,为合成这类化合物提供了新方法.     

用不对称二羟基化反应合成(S)-美托洛尔

在K2CO3存在下,4-(2-甲氧乙基)苯酚与烯丙基溴反应制得烯丙基[4-(2-甲氧乙基)苯基]醚(2);以廉价易得的双金鸡纳碱衍生物1,4-双(9-O-奎尼定)-2,3-二氮杂萘为手性配体催化2的不对称二羟基化反应制得(S)-3-[4-(2-甲氧乙基)苯氧基]-1,2-丙二醇(3,86%ee); 3经"一锅法"转化为...     

Osmium tetroxide-(QN)2PHAL in an ionic liquid: a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst system for asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins

In Os-catalysed asymmetric dihydroxylation using NMO as a co-oxidant, the combination of an ionic liquid and the new bis-cinchona alkaloid 2 generated in situ from (QN)2PHAL during reaction provided a simple and practical approach to the recycling of both catalytic components (osmium tetraoxide and chiral ligand).     

Catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation using phenoxyethoxymethyl-polystyrene (PEM)-based novel microencapsulated osmium tetroxide (PEM-MC OsO4)

[reaction: see text]. A phenoxyethoxymethyl-polystyrene (PEM)-based novel polymer-supported osmium catalyst has been developed. The catalyst was readily prepared from PEM polymer based on a microencapsulation technique, and asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins has been successfully performed using (DHQD)2PHAL as a chiral ligand and K3Fe(CN)6 as a cooxidant in H2O/acetone. The catalyst was recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused without loss of activity several times.     

Catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins with reusable OsO(4)(2-) on ion-exchangers: the scope and reactivity using various cooxidants

Exchanger-OsO(4) catalysts are prepared by an ion-exchange technique using layered double hydroxides and quaternary ammonium salts covalently bound to resin and silica as ion-exchangers. The ion-exchangers with different characteristics and opposite ion selectivities are specially chosen to produce the best heterogeneous catalyst that can operate using the various cooxidants in the asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. LDH-OsO(4) catalysts composed of different compositions are evaluated for the asymmetric dihydroxylation of trans-stilbene. Resin-OsO(4) and SiO(2)-OsO(4) designed to overcome the problems associated with LDH-OsO(4) indeed show consistent activity and enantioselectivity in asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins using K(3)Fe(CN)(6) and molecular oxygen as cooxidants. Compared to the Kobayashi heterogeneous systems, resin-OsO(4) is a very efficient catalyst for the dihydroxylation of a wide variety of aromatic, aliphatic, acyclic, cyclic, mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins to afford chiral vicinal diols with high yields and enantioselectivities irrespective of the cooxidant used. Resin-OsO(4) is recovered quantitatively by a simple filtration and reused for a number of cycles with consistent activity. The high binding ability of the heterogeneous osmium catalyst enables the use of an equimolar ratio of ligand to osmium to give excellent enantioselectives in asymmetric dihydroxylation in contrast to the homogeneous osmium system in which excess molar quantities of the expensive chiral ligand to osmium are invariably used. The complexation of the chiral ligand (DHQD)(2)PHAL, having very large dimension, a prerequisite to obtain higher ee, is possible only with the OsO(4)(2-) located on the surface of the supports.     

Catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins using polysulfone-based novel microencapsulated osmium tetroxide

A polysulfone based novel polymer-supported osmium catalyst has been developed. The catalyst was prepared from commercially available polysulfone, based on a microencapsulation technique and was employed in the asymmetric dihydroxylation of various olefins using (DHQD)₂PHAL as the chiral ligand and NMO as the co-oxidant in H₂O-acetone-CH₃CN (1:1:1). The catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and was reused to obtain excellent yields with good enantioselectivity up to five times.     

MTO and OsO4: an efficient catalytic couple for mild H2O2-based asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins

A novel and robust system for osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins by aqueous H2O2 with methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) as electron transfer mediator (ETM) has been developed. The MTO is catalyzing the H2O2 oxidation of the chiral ligand to its mono-N-oxide, which in turn reoxidizes OsVI to OsVIII. Thus the (DHQD)2PHAL plays a dual role serving as the chiral inductor as well as the tertiary amine generating the N-oxide required for the recycling of osmium. The present catalytic system gives vicinal diols in good isolated yields and high enantiomeric excess (up to 99 % ee).     

Homogeneous catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins induced by an efficient and recoverable polymer‐bound ligand QN–AQN–OPEG‐OMe

A novel polymer‐bound alkaloid ligand QN–AQN–OPEG‐OMe, which was characterized by an anthraquinone core at the 9‐O position of quinine, was synthesized conveniently. It delivered up to 99% ees in the homogeneous catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of seven olefins, comparable to that reported for the homogeneous catalyst with free ligand (DHQ)₂AQN. This ligand was recovered almost quantitatively by a simple filtration and reused for five cycles without obvious decreased enantioselectivities and catalytic activities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sodium chlorite as an efficient oxidant and hydroxy ion pump in osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation

Sodium chlorite is an efficient stoichiometric oxidant in Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. One sodium chlorite provides the reaction with the stoichiometric number of electrons and hydroxide ions needed to dihydroxylate two olefins without the consumption of any additional base. 100% conversion in sodium chlorite asymmetric dihydroxylation of styrene was achieved twice as fast as in the established Sharpless K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)] dihydroxylation. Even internal olefins were dihydroxylated fast with sodium chlorite without hydrolysis aids. Eight olefins were dihydroxylated to corresponding vicinal diols with yields and ees as good as those reported in the literature for other similar processes.     

可回收手性配体[QN（OH）2]2PHAL催化合成紫杉醇13-C侧链

在可回收手性配体[QN(OH)2]2PHAL的催化下,通过不对称氨羟化或双羟化反应合成紫杉醇13-C侧链,两种方法的产率分别为39%,97%ee和52%,99%ee,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析确证。     

An electrophilic cleavage procedure for the asymmetric dihydroxylation: direct enantioselective synthesis of cyclic boronic esters from olefins

A variation within the osmium-catalysed asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of olefins is described that yields cyclic boronic esters from olefins in a straight-forward manner. This process represents the first real product alteration in asymmetric dihydroxylation, since all previous protocols lead to free diols exclusively. A protocol based on the Sharpless AD conditions (for enantioselective oxidation of prochiral olefins) was developed that gives cyclic boronic esters with excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee's). Some of the ee's are higher than those reported for conventional AD. The unprecedented role of phenyl boronic acid on the course of the AD reaction was investigated in detail. PhB(OH)2 does not interfere with the chiral ligand, leaving the enantioselective step of olefin oxidation intact. The main role of the boronic acids-apart from protecting the diol products against potential overoxidation-relies on removing the diol entity in an electrophilic cleavage, which is in contrast to the conventional hydrolytic cleavage of the AD protocols. Thus, a mechanistically new cleavage for enantioselective dihydroxylation reactions is introduced within the present work.