场致发射显示屏技术的研究

介绍了场致发射显示技术的工作原理及特点,分析了微尖型场致发射阴极、膜状型场致发射阴极的场致电子发射特性,对场致发射显示屏（FELLS）的结构做了研究,并讨论了影响场致发射显示屏性能的主要因素及改进的措施．     

ZnO纳米线在外加电场下的生长及场发射性能

在外加电场条件下,利用化学气相沉积法制备出了长径比为400:1的四角状ZnO纳米线.利用多功能场发射测试仪对ZnO纳米线进行了场发射特性测试,研究了外加电场对ZnO纳米线生长的影响,讨论了ZnO纳米线在强场下的场发射电流强度饱和现象产生的原因.结果表明:外加电场大大促进了四角状ZnO纳米线在一维方向上的生长,外加电场下制备的ZnO纳米线在电流密度为0.1 mA/cm2的开启场强仅为2.25V/μm,ZnO纳米线在强场下的场发射电流强度饱和现象归因于强场下电子输运速度的饱和.     

四针状纳米氧化锌的制备及其场致发射特性的研究

对利用高温气相氧化法制备四针状纳米氧化锌进行了研究,实验表明：制备炉的温度对样品的性能影响较大,温度低于800℃,短时间内得不到明显的反应产物,温度高于1 000℃,白雾状产物也有所下降,最佳反应温度约为900℃。样品具有优良的场发射特性,开启电场仅为1.6 V/μm。获得1.0 mA/cm^2的电流密度也只需要4.5 V/μm的电场。     

逐步熔融凝固启动阶段电磁场和温度场的数值计算

在不同的电源功率和频率,不同的成形材质和尺寸等工艺条件下,应用控制容积方法对逐步熔融凝固初始加工阶段的感应电流面密度及温度场进行了数值计算,得到任意位置的温度随时间的变化,成形化和模具初始加热过程中的等温线图及固液分界线,所需电源功率和完全熔化时间。     

交流电场对定向凝固及界面溶质分配系数的影响

对交流电场作用下定向凝固组织的研究发现,交流电场对定向凝固组织有细化作用,且随电流的增大,其效果越明显,同时交流电场使凝固界面的溶质含量减小.通过对电场各种作用的分析发现:界面的化学势的减小使界面的稳定性增加;但界面能的增大、活度系数的减小以及界面溶质层内的震荡会使界面变薄,使界面的稳定性减小,从而破坏了胞晶的稳定生长,使柱状胞晶变成细碎的晶体.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-based composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB2 + TiC by laser cladding

A Ni-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB₂ and TiC particles was fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. An attempt was made to correlate the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observation. The microstructure and the microhardness profile across the coating were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and a hardness tester. It is found that the coating mainly consists of a large number of reinforcements (black blocky TiB₂, flower-like or equiaxial TiC, and fine acicular CrB) and the γ matrix. The hardness of TiB₂, TiC, and CrB reinforcements is much higher than that of the γ matrix. The dispersive distribution of such high hardness reinforcements causes the increase in hardness of the whole coating. The average value of the hardness is approximately Hv_0.2 700 in the coating. The hardness of the coating is obviously higher than that of the substrate due to the dispersion strengthening of reinforcements.     

Effects of Electron Beam Local Postweld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of 30CrMnSiNi2A Steel Welded Joints

To improve the microstructure and properties of the electron beam welded joints, the vacuum or furnace whole post weld heat treatment (FWPWHT) usually should be done on it. The electron beam local post weld heat treatment (EBLPWHT) is a rather new heat treatment procedure that provides the advantages of high precision, flexibility and efficiency, energy saving and higher productivity. In this paper, the microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture toughness and fatigue properties of electron beam welded ...     

FED中支撑对电场分布及电子轨迹的影响

在场致发射显示器 (FED)中加入支撑会影响真空室内部电场分布和电子运动 ,从而导致二次电子发射和电荷积累效应。为比较不同发射结构中这种负面影响的大小 ,对3种常见阴极模型中电子运动轨迹进行了模拟 :采用有限元法计算带有介质支撑墙的 FED电场分布 ,采用 Runge- Kut-ta法计算该空间电子轨迹 ,得出了支撑墙对 FED电子轨迹影响的数值结果。模拟结果显示 ,在三极型和四极型 (聚焦型 )结构中 ,支撑的引入不可避免地会带来二次电子发射和电荷积累效应 ;与之相反 ,平面型发射结构则很好地避免了这一负面影响     

基于方向性距离函数的中国省区碳排放驱动因素研究

文章使用方向性距离函数的非参数框架把我国各省区碳排放变化的驱动因素分解为规模效应、技术效率效应、技术进步效应、资本碳比效应、劳动碳比效应、能源碳比效应以及结构效应等7个部分,扩充了碳排放的主要影响因素,扩展了对碳排放驱动力量的深入理解。研究结果表明:规模效应的持续扩大仍然是碳排放增长的首要原因;资本碳比效应是省区碳减排的主要驱动力量;劳动碳比效应是造成碳排放增长的重要因素,能源碳比效应自2001年以来表现出减排功能;技术进步减排效应微弱,技术效率和结构效应影响较小。     

异形坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场温度场耦合数值模拟

运用流体力学分析软件Fluent,对单双水口的500mm×300mm×120 mm异形坯连铸结晶器内钢水在流场温度场耦合作用下的凝固状况进行数值模拟,发现双水口模型可以减轻结晶器上部回流的强度,加快结晶器内钢液的凝固速度,这有助于提高铸坯的质量和提高拉速.     

Fabrication and field emission performance of arrays of vacuum microdiodes containing CuO nanowire emitters grown directly on glass without a catalyst

Arrays of vacuum microelectronic sources are fabricated on a glass substrate using cupric oxide (CuO) nanowire emitters. The arrays of electron sources possess a microdiode structure, which can effectively induce field emission and control the delivery of emitted electrons to the anode in a triode-type device operation. A technique for precisely growing CuO nanowires at the centre of microcavities in an array without using a catalyst and at temperatures as low as 400°C is presented. Such a simplified fabrication procedure results in improved field emission performance from the array compared with previous vacuum microelectronic devices. Typical prototype devices have turn-on gate voltages as low as 169 V to give emission current densities of 10 μA/cm2 at the anode. The ratio of anode current to cathode current reaches ~0.85, and the maximum change in emission current density per volt is 1 μA/cm2. Electron emission from the arrays is stable and reproducible under either pulsed or direct current fields. These characteristics indicate that microgate-controlled CuO nanowire emitters may find application in practical devices.     

10MeV电子辐照加速器周围辐射场测量与分析

详细计算了一台10 MeV的电子直线加速器周围某些关键位置的辐射剂量,并对其进行了连续监测以及累积剂量的测量,测量结果充分说明工作环境是安全的.在迷宫出口位置理论值很好地符合测量值,这充分验证了经验公式的合理性.同时发现迷道内剂量衰减趋势与计算模型中使用的距离平方反比规律有所不同,要在迷道长度达到一定值后才能确保经验公式给出的结果是保守的.为了实现对辐射场的连续实时监测,此次测量中使用一种新的数据采集设备Mini-DDL(mini digital data logging).     

Microstructure and high-temperature wear properties of in situ TiC composite coatings by plasma transferred arc surface alloying on gray cast iron

In this work, an in situ synthesized TiC-reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coating of approximately 350–400μm thick-ness was fabricated on a gray cast iron (GCI) substrate by plasma transferred arc (PTA) surface alloying of Ti–Fe alloy powder. Microhard-ness tests showed that the surface hardness increased approximately four-fold after the alloying treatment. The microstructure of the MMC coating was mainly composed of residual austenite, acicular martensite, and eutectic ledeburite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyzes revealed that the in situ TiC particles, which were formed by direct reaction of Ti with carbon originally contained in the GCI, was uniformly distributed at the boundary of residual austenite in the alloying zone. Pin-on-disc high-temperature wear tests were performed on samples both with and without the MMC coating at room temperature and at elevated temperatures (473 K and 623 K), and the wear behavior and mechanism were investigated. The results showed that, after the PTA alloying treatment, the wear resistance of the sam-ples improved significantly. On the basis of our analysis of the composite coatings by optical microscopy, SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness measurements, we attributed this improvement of wear resistance to the transformation of the microstruc-ture and to the presence of TiC particles.     

小方坯连铸过程温度场和流场的实时模拟

为了寻求在瞬态下仍然有效的实时模拟模型,以便模拟连铸的全过程,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法和LamBremhorst低雷诺数k-ε方程,建立了考虑湍流的传热和流体流动的实时模拟模型.该模型有效地实现了移动计算域下的动态网格扩展,可以模拟从拉坯到切割坯连铸全过程的温度场与流场的变化.作为实例,X70钢小方坯的模拟效果与实验验证吻合很好.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生WC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

为提高采煤机中截齿的耐磨性能,利用氩弧熔敷技术,在35CrMnSi钢表面制备WC增强Ni基复合涂层。利用OM、SEM、XRD和EDS分析复合涂层的显微组织,采用显微维氏硬度仪测试复合涂层的显微硬度,并测试涂层在室温磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明：氩弧熔敷涂层组织均匀致密,熔敷涂层与基体呈冶金结合,主要由WC、W：C、T—Ni、（Fe,Cr）23,C6等物相组成;WC颗粒呈弥散分布,颗粒尺寸为1txm;熔敷涂层可以改善基体的表面硬度,最高显微硬度可达12．6GPa;熔敷涂层在室温冲击磨粒磨损实验条件下,具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨桶．其耐磨性较35CrMnSi基体提高近12倍。     

铝热法制备的ZrO_2/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷材料组织和力学性能

通过铝热反应制备ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷材料,研究ZrO2含量对复相陶瓷显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:复相陶瓷的相组成为ZrO2和Al2O3.随着ZrO2含量增加,ZrO2在基体中的分布越均匀,维氏硬度为8～15GPa,在ZrO2质量分数为41.5%时呈现最大值为14.85GPa;断裂韧性先增加后降低,在ZrO2质量分数为30%时呈现最大值8.01MPa.m1/2.     

铝热反应制备YAG/Al2O3复相陶瓷的组织和性能

利用铝热反应熔化法制备YAG/Al2O3复相陶瓷材料,研究配料中Y2O3含量对复相陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:复相陶瓷的相组成为YAG和Al2O3,合有少量的Fe相.随着Y2O3含量的增大,Al2O3颗粒分布越均匀,复相陶瓷的维氏硬度先减小后增加,而相对密度是增加的,在x=0.90时达到最大值分别10.9 ...     

具有金属内衬缠绕压力容器成型全过程应力场分析

基于具有金属内衬复合材料缠绕容器缠绕、固化和预超压3个制造工艺过程的特点,提出一种温度参数当量法模型和虚实单元分析策略,以模拟在缠绕预张力工艺中的力学行为．根据固化反应动力学理论和热传导理论,对具有金属内衬的复合材料纤维缠绕压力容器在固化工艺过程中瞬态温度、固化度和热应力场分布及其变化规律进行了数值分析．采用经典塑性理论为基础的非线性有限元方法,预测了预超压工艺后容器复合材料缠绕层和金属内衬内残余应力场的分布．以一典型的具有金属内衬复合材料纤维缠绕压力容器为例,讨论了在3个工艺过程中工艺参数对容器内应力场分布的影响．结果表明：适合的工艺参数能够提高压力容器的承载能力．     

靖边气田废弃钻井液评价及处理方法研究

针对靖边气田聚磺体系废弃钻井液的污染特点,通过室内实验分析评价了废弃钻井液的稳定性、可混凝性及析出水水质,研究了废弃钻井液复合固化处理的工艺,确定了废弃钻井液的处理方法.结果表明,靖边气田废弃钻井液具有较好的稳定性和可混凝性,处理时可加入带正电性絮凝剂以实现固液分离;不同含固率的废弃钻井液需对破胶剂的加量进行优化;含固率越高,破胶时间越长,开始出水时间均在10h以上;析出水主要污染指标为COD,去除COD最优加药量为1.2g·L-1;采用无机复合固化剂处理效果较好,加药处理后浸出液各项指标均达到GB 8978—1996的二级排放标准.     

纳米TiO2／SiO2固相萃取剂的制备及对重金属离子吸附性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体,溶胶—凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2／SiO2复合物。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）等手段对所制得的TiO2／SiO2复合材料进行表征。以纳米TiO2／SiO2复合材料作为填料制成固相萃取小柱,对重金属离子Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、Pb^2＋和Hg^2＋进行吸附,硝酸洗脱后,采用ICP—MS进行检测。考察了吸附剂对不同pH值溶液中金属离子的吸附性能。自制SPE小柱与ICP—Ms联用测定Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、pb^2＋和Hg^2＋的最低检出限分别为0．031,0．010,0．041,0．025μg／L。