Ytterbium triflate hydrate catalyzed Michael addition and cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with active methylene compounds

Catalyzed by ytterbium（III） triflate hydrate [Yb（OTf）3.xH20], the Michael addition and cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with active methylene compounds to afford the 1,4-adducts and benzo[b]pyran derivatives, respectively were studied.     

酸性沸石分子筛催化Knoevenagel综合反应

在高硅／铝比的酸性沸石分子筛HY上实现了Knoevenagel缩合反应，Bronsted酸和Lewis酸均可催化Knoevenagel缩合反应。考察了羰基化合物和活泼亚甲基化合物的反应活性顺序。结果表明，羰基化合物的羰基极化程度越高，反应越容易进程,示同于碱催化时的Knoevenagel缩合反应，活泼亚甲基化合物的活泼氢的酸性并不是影响其反应活性的重要因素。     

酸性沸石分子筛催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

 在高硅／铝比的酸性沸石分子筛HY上实现了Knoevenagel缩合反应．Bronsted酸和Lewis酸均可催化Knoevenagel缩合反应．考察了羰基化合物和活泼亚甲基化合物的反应活性顺序．结果表明，羰基化合物的羰基极化程度越高，反应越容易进行；不同于碱催化时的Knoevenagel缩合反应，活泼亚甲基化合物的活泼氢的酸性并不是影响其反应活性的重要因素．     

DABCO离子液体催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

以三乙烯二胺(DABCO)为原料,通过两步法制备了离子液体[DABCO-PDO][PF6];将其用于催化芳香醛与多种活性亚甲基化合物(丙二腈,氰基乙酸乙酯,苯并噻唑乙腈,苯乙腈)的Knoevenagel缩合反应;讨论了可能的反应机理,并基于催化剂的双重催化作用阐述了反应的高效性.结果表明,该反应体系无需任何溶剂,在室温(25℃)下就能进行,催化剂用量小,反应时间短,收率高,反应后处理简单,反应普适性较高;且催化剂重复使用5次后仍保持很高的催化活性.     

Enzymatic Promiscuity： Escherichia coli BioH Esterase-catalysed Aldol Reaction and Knoevenagel Reaction

Esterase BioH,which is obligatory for biotin synthesis in Escherichia coli,was found to exhibit a promiscuous ability to catalyse Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions with moderate to good yields.The reaction conditions including organic solvent,molar ratio of ketone to aldehyde,enzyme amount,and reaction time were investigated to evaluate the effect of different reaction conditions on yield.Target compounds were afforded in the best yield of 91.2％ for Aldol reaction and 54.7％ for Knoevenagel reaction.In addition,because the enzyme could be prepared with a low cost,this protocol could provide an economic route to conduct Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions,which expand the field of enzymatic promiscuity.     

无溶剂条件下Yb(OTf)3催化的亚甲基化合物和醛的Knoevenagel反应

在Yb(OTf)₃催化下, 不用任何溶剂, 将活泼亚甲基化合物和各类醛进行Knoevenagel反应, 得到相应的取代烯烃衍生物. 此法操作简便, 对环境友好, 具有很高的反应产率, 且副产物少; 此外, 催化剂能够在进行反复回收利用之后仍然保持很高的催化活性.     

Knoevenagel condensation of α,βunsaturated aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid under non-catalytic and solvent-free conditions

An efficient route for the synthesis of 5-(arylpropenylidine)-2,4,6-pyrimidinetrione 3 from an appropriateα,β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes 1 and barbituric acid 2 under both non-catalytic and solvent-free microwave irradiation conditions was described.In this way,a range of biologically important compounds 3 was obtained in good to excellent yields (86-98%) in a very short reaction time (30-80s).     

＂Amano＂ lipase DF-catalyzed efficient synthesis of 2,2＇-arylmethylene dicyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives in anhydrous media

A simple and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of 2.2＇-arylmethylene dicyclohexane-1,3- dione derivatives via the Knoevenagel-Michael cascade reactions of aromatic aldehydes and 1,3-cyclic diketones catalyzed by ＂Amano＂ lipase DF, which expands the application field of enzyme catalytic promiscuity. This protocol provides several advantages over the traditional chemical synthesis, such as simple work-up procedure, high yields Cup to 94%） and environmental friendliness.     

One-pot organocatalytic tandem aldol/polycyclization reactions between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes for the straightforward assembly of cyclopenta[b]furan-type derivatives: new insight into the Knoevenagel reaction

A new cascade pathway viable for Knoevenagel chemistry that involves the coupling between 1,3-dicarbonyl systems and α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The process comprises the combination of a classic aldol-type condensation and a rare spontaneous metal-free cycloisomerization, representing a convergent and innovative approach for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclopenta[b]furan-type derivatives. The scope and limitations with respect to both reaction partners and mechanistic features were investigated. Meaningfully, our study provides valuable guidance concerning the structural and electronic effects controlling the reactivity of conjugated polyene carbonyl systems.