IR Spectroscopic signs of malignant neoplasms in the thyroid gland

We use Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to study thyroid tumor tissues which were removed during surgery. The IR spectra of the tissues with pathological foci are compared with data from histologic examination. In the region of N–H, C–H, and C = O stretching vibrations, the IR spectra of the tissues for thyroid cancer are different from the IR spectra of tissues without malignant formations. We identify the spectral signs of thyroid cancer. We show that IR analysis is promising for identification of thyroid pathology at the molecular level.     

IR spectroscopic methods for diagnosis of oncological pathologies in human tissues (Review)

Modern problems in the diagnosis of oncological pathologies using spectroscopic methods of analysis are considered. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy methods are illustrated by investigation of tissues of breast, thyroid gland, stomach, kidney, lung, and skin excised during surgical intervention. IR spectra of surgical material are compared with data of histological analysis. Spectra of proteins and lipids in malignant neoplasms differ from those in benign tumors and in tissues beyond the pathological focus. Differences in protein spectra are attributed to changes in the supramolecular structure due to cleavage of intramolecular C=OH–N hydrogen bonds. Differences in IR spectra of lipids in neoplasms, when compared with those in normal tissues, are caused by changes in the structure of side chains of fatty-acid radicals appearing in malignant tumors. Spectral signatures of malignant pathology are revealed.     

Hydrogen bonds and antiviral activity of benzaldehyde derivatives

We have obtained the Fourier transform IR spectra of solutions of benzaldehyde derivatives having different antiviral activities against a herpes virus. We observe a correlation between the presence of hydrogen bonds in the benzaldehyde molecules and the appearance of antiviral properties in the compounds. For compounds having antiviral activity, we have obtained spectral data suggesting the existence of hydrogen bonds of the type C=O⋅⋅⋅H–O and O–H⋅⋅⋅O in the molecules. When the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl groups are replaced by a methyl group, no intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed and the compounds lose their antiviral activity.     

Hydrogen bonds of anti-HIV active aminophenols

Analysis of IR-Fourier spectra from solutions and crystals of antiviral sulfo-containing aminophenols has shown that various types of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions can occur in molecules of these compounds. Three types of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (O–H⋅⋅⋅N, O–H⋅⋅⋅O=S=O, and N–H⋅⋅⋅O=S=O) are formed in CCl₄ solutions of the sulfo-containing aminophenols. The formation of intermolecular H-bonds involving the NH- and OH-groups and the preservation of the intramolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅O=S=O H-bond are characteristic of the anti-HIV active aminophenol crystals. Spectral attributes are determined in order to distinguish between the anti-HIV active and inactive sulfo-containing aminophenols.     

Infrared absorption spectra of human malignant tumor tissues

We used infrared spectroscopy methods to study the molecular structure of tissues from human organs removed during surgery. The IR spectra of the surgical material from breast, thyroid, and lung are compared with data from histological examination. We show that in malignant neoplasms, a change occurs in the hydrogen bonds of protein macromolecules found in the tissue of the studied organs. We identify the spectral signs of malignant pathology. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 395–399, May–June, 2008.     

Modification of the optical spectra of mixed K2CoxNi1–x(SO4)2?6H2O crystals

We propose a new method for obtaining K₂Co _x Ni_1–x (SO₄)₂⋅6H₂O (x = 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1) crystals, involving the use of the chlorides (CoCl₂⋅6H₂O and NiCl₂⋅6H₂O) in an aqueous solution instead of the widely used sulfates. We have studied the transmission spectra of the grown single crystals in the range λ = 200–900 nm and the IR reflectance spectra in the 2.5–20 μm region. We have observed a change in the position and intensity of the absorption bands as a function of the composition of the crystals. Based on the Tanabe–Sugano diagrams, we determined the crystal field splitting (D_q) and its dependence on the nickel concentration. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 126–130, January–February, 2009.     

Intramolecular interactions in antiviral derivatives of 4,6-di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-butyl-2-aminophenol

We have used Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy to study intramolecular interactions in solutions of 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol in n-hexane. When the hydroxyl group in the molecule is ortho to the amino group, an O―H⋅⋅⋅N intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed in the 4-6-di-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol derivatives, where the strength of the hydrogen bond depends on the type of substituent at the para position of the phenyl ring. If there are electron-donor groups on the phenyl ring, then a stronger O―H⋅⋅⋅N bond is formed in the 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol derivatives than in molecules containing electron-acceptor Cl and Br atoms. Formation of the above-indicated intramolecular hydrogen bond affects the course of radiation-induced reactions occurring in n-hexane with participation of these compounds and also affects their antiviral activity. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 434–439, May–June, 2009.     

Infrared spectra of thyroid tumor tissues

We used infrared spectroscopy methods to study thyroid tumor tissues removed during surgery. The IR spectra of the surgical material are compared with data from histological examination. We show that in malignant neoplasms, the spectra of proteins in the region of C=O vibrations are different from the spectra of these substances in benign tumors and in tissues outside the pathological focus at a distance >1 cm from the margin of the tumor. The differences in the spectra are due to changes in the supermolecular structure of the proteins, resulting from rearrangement of the system of hydrogen bonds. We identify the spectral signs of malignant pathologies.     

Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in aminophenols

IR-Fourier spectroscopy methods are adopted to study intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds that form in CCl₄ solutions of aminophenol derivatives and in a solid phase of these compounds pressed in KBr. If a hydroxyl group is present in the molecule in the ortho-position to an amino group, then intramolecular interactions between OH and NH groups will take place in aminophenol solutions. Intramolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅O=S=O and N–H⋅⋅⋅O=S=O hydrogen bonds are found in solutions of compounds containing a sulfonamide fragment. Additional acylation of the amino group causes an intramolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bond to form in solutions. Functional groups OH, NH, SO₂, and C=O interact with one another in various ways in the solid phase to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds in aminophenols.     

IR spectra temperature changes and conformational structure of 4-butyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl

IR spectra of 4-butyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl in the liquid and solid-crystal states were measured in the 400–4000 cm^–1 region at 28–70°C. Changes of the spectra as a function of temperature are due to the conformational fluxionality of the molecules according to calculated IR spectra of the possible 4-butyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl conformers. Calculations were carried out using the method of fragments and the LEV-100 program package. Bands sensitive to the conformational changes in the molecular structure were found. IR spectra have been interpreted. Conclusions have been made about the conformations of the sample in the solid-crystal and liquid phases. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 325–333, May–June, 2009.     

Infrared spectra of brassinolide and castasterone steroid phytohormones and their 24-epi derivatives

Absorption bands in IR spectra of brassinolide, castasterone, and their 24-epi derivatives in the frequency range 3800–1000 cm^–1 have been interpreted. A number of spectral features distinguishing brassinolide from castasterone have been found. The conducted analysis shows that the structural differences manifest themselves in IR spectra of the investigated brassinosteroids in the region of stretching vibrations of CO–H, C=O, C–OH, C–O–C, CH₃, CH₂, and CH groups. The main distinctions in IR spectra of brassinolides and castasterones are due to the B ring structure.     

Calculation of polarized IR absorption spectra for trans-1,4-polyisoprenes of various conformations

Polarized IR spectra for two conformations of trans-1,4-polyisoprene (α-and β-gutta-percha) were calculated. The IR dichroism of the absorption bands was calculated for both conformations. The computed results for polarized IR spectra and IR dichroism agree reasonably well with the respective experiment data. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 470–475, July–August, 2008.     

Spectral studies of the structure of copper phthalocyanin-polyimide composites produced by vacuum deposition

Visible and IR absorption spectra are studied for copper phthalocyanin (CuPc)-polyyimide composites. The composite films are obtained by vacuum codeposition of CuPc, pyromellitedianhydride, and diaminodiphenyloxide followed by temperature-induced imidization. On the basis of IR spectra it is shown that in the prepared composites imidization occurs over the whole CuPc concentration range (10–90%). From the visible spectra it is found that CuPc is deposited mainly in the form of a-microcrystals, which are destroyed during imidization to produce noncrystalline molecular aggregates. Subsequent heat treatment (320–350°C) gives rise to CuPc β-microscrystals. A. N. Sevchenko Research Institute of Applied Physical Problems, 7, Kurchatov St., 220064, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 502–506, July–August, 1997.     

Formation of SERS-active silver structures on the surface of mesoporous silicon

We have optimized the procedure for preparation of nanostructured silver films on the surface of mesoporous silicon (PSi) to use them as active substrates in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The greatest enhancement of the SERS signal was observed for samples obtained when the silver was deposited on PSi from an aqueous AgNO₃ solution with concentration 1⋅10^–2 M over a 10–15 minute period. The detection limit for rhodamine 6G on SERS-active substrates prepared by the optimized procedure was 1⋅10^–10 M. The enhancement factor for the SERS signal on these surfaces was estimated as ≈2⋅10⁸. We have shown that SERS-active substrates based on mesoporous silicon are promising for detection and study of complex organic compounds, in particular tetrapyrrole molecules. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 298–306, March–April, 2009.     

Ferromagnetism in ZnCoO thin films deposited by PLD

Multilayer structures A–B–A⋅⋅⋅ consisting of alternating layers of a metal A and a semiconductor B can show large anisotropy in their transport properties. In tilted multilayer structures, where layer planes and sample surface include a nonzero tilt angle, nonvanishing off-diagonal elements in the sample’s transport tensors lead to transverse Seebeck and Peltier effects. Achievable temperature differences and figures of merit for transverse Peltier cooling are discussed and compared with experiments, coefficients of performance for transverse power generation are calculated.     

Temperature influence on the intensity of water bands ν(OH) in IR spectra of some silicate minerals

An investigation is made of the temperature dependences of the intensities of bands ν(OH) in the IR spectra of talc, quartz, and muscovite under cooling-heating conditions in ranges of 93–300 and 300–673 K. In the 93–300 K range two types of water with reversible and irreversible temperature dependences of the absorption-band intensities in the IR spectra of these minerals are revealed. The types of bound water are separated in space, apply to the volume and surface of the minerals, and their absorption bands have temperature coefficients of intensity which differ in value and sign. Institute of Geology of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian National Academy of Sciences, 11, Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk, 185610, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 124–127, January–February, 1999.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.     

Procedure for quantitative determination of effectiveness of photoinduced destruction of malignant tumors

We have developed a procedure for analysis of the functional status of blood vessels in tumor tissues using computer-assisted color scanning of tumor slices and also for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of photoinduced destruction of tumor tissues in animal experiments. Its major advantage is direct determination of the size of the tumor necrosis zone. The procedure has been tested in an experiment on three strains of malignant tumors with different morphologies. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 521–524, July–August, 2006.     

Effect of a low-frequency magnetic field on the structure of globular blood proteins

We used IR Fourier absorption spectra of blood to study changes in the structure of globular blood proteins with extracorporeal autohemomagnetotherapy, used to treat ischemic heart disease. We compare the spectra of blood before and after magnetotherapy in the regions: amide I (1655 cm⁻¹), amide II (1545 cm⁻¹), amide III (1230–1350 cm⁻¹), amide IV and amide V (400–700 cm⁻¹). We have shown that pronounced changes in the spectra in the indicated regions on direct exposure of blood in vivo to a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field are connected with conformational changes in the secondary structure of globular blood proteins, which are apparent in the increase in the contribution of the α-helix conformation. We discuss the magnetotherapy-initiated appearance of new IR absorption bands at 1018 and 1038 cm⁻¹ and an increase in the intensity of a number of other bands located in the 1000–1200 cm⁻¹ region, which suggests a change in the concentration of some blood components. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 665–669, September–October, 2007.     

Effect of intravenous laser irradiation on the molecular structure of blood and blood components

We present the results of a spectral study of the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the molecular structure of blood and blood components. Analysis of the Fourier transform IR absorption spectra of blood confirmed the changes we observed previously in the oxygen transport characteristics of blood with intravenous exposure to the emission from a He-Ne laser. We show that structural and conformational changes in the hemoglobin tetramer, initiated by laser-induced photoreactions between Hb and oxygen, lead to characteristic changes in the shape and intensity of the IR bands for NH stretching vibrations, and also the amide I and amide II absorption bands. In the IR spectra of irradiated blood samples, we note increased absorption in the bands for stretching vibrations of the phosphate groups (945–1280 cm⁻¹), which is evidence for an increase in the nucleic acid content (DNA, RNA). In the spectra of plasma and erythrocytes prepared from irradiated blood, there are no changes in this region of the IR spectrum. At the same time, in the IR spectra of samples of irradiated plasma, the intensity of the bands for stretching vibrations of the CH₂ groups increases substantially. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 106–112, January–February, 2006.