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1.
A sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of bictegravir in human plasma. A small volume of only 50 μL aliquot of plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile containing an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex EVO C18 column, 50 × 3.0 mm, 5 μm using an isocratic mobile phase containing 80:20 acetonitrile–water with 0.1% formic acid. A mass spectrometer was operated in ESI positive multiple reaction monitoring mode using the m/z 450.1/289.1 for bictegravir and 420.1/277.1 for IS. The dynamic range of the method was 1–10,000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.9991. The precision results of calibration standards were in the range of 0.05–4.57% and accuracies were 95.07–104.70%. The mean extraction recovery was 98.64% with a precision of 2.91%. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and was found to be accurate and precise. The method was successfully applied to in vitro cellular uptake study.  相似文献   

2.
Tigecycline (TGC) is an important antibiotic in treating various drug‐resistant bacteria. The dosage regimen for cerebral intraventricular TGC is still unknown. The aim of the study was to develop and validate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) methods for the determination of TGC in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to obtain an applicable regimen. The ion transitions under ESI positive model were performed at m/z 586.3 > 513.2 and m/z 595.3 > 514.3 for TGC and d9‐TGC internal standard (IS). For plasma and CSF samples, the calibration curve of TGC was linear within the ranges 25–2000 and 250–100,000 ng/mL; the IS normalized matrix effect was within the ranges 96.46–101.06% and 101.13–103.58%, respectively, for all. TGC was stable under all tested conditions. The patient received 1 mg intraventricular and 49 mg intravenous administration of TGC. The AUC0–12 in plasma and CSF calculated according to our noncompartment model were 4713 and 23,0238 h ng/mL, respectively. Given our findings cerebral intraventricular TGC may be a choice for clinicians to treat drug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial‐induced meningitis and the safety and efficacy of this administration route warrants further study.  相似文献   

3.
A highly sensitive, specific and rapid LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of methotrexate (MTX) and tofacitinib (TFB) in rat plasma (50 μL) using phenacetin as an internal standard (IS), as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. After a solid‐phase extraction procedure, the separation of the analytes and IS was performed on a Chromolith RP18e column using an isocratic mobile phase of 5 m m ammonium acetate (pH 5.0) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 25:75 (v/v) using flow‐gradient with a total run time of 3.5 min. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using the transitions of m/z 455.2 → 308.3, m/z 313.2 → 149.2 and m/z 180.3 → 110.2 for MTX, TFB and IS, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.49–91.0 and 0.40–74.4 ng/mL for MTX and TFB, respectively. The intra‐ and interday accuracy and precision values for MTX and TFB were <15% at low quality control (QC), medium QC and high QC and <20% at lower limit of quantification. The validated assay was applied to derive the pharmacokinetic parameters for MTX and TFB post‐dosing of MTX and TFB orally and intravenously to rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
A sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC‐MS/MS) assay has been developed for the quantitative analysis of vardenafil in human plasma. Vardenafil and the internal standard, alprazolam, were extracted from 0.2 mL aliquots of alkalinized plasma by a single solvent extraction into hexane : dichloromethane. Reversed‐phase chromatographic separation was affected by gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate pH 7.0 (solvent A) and methanol (100%, solvent B), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The analytes were detected by using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization mode. The mass transitions were m/z 489.3 → 312.2 for vardenafil and m/z 309.2 → 281.0 for alprazolam. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.2–100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients ≥0.995. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 5.4% in terms of relative standard deviation and the accuracy was within 12.7% in terms of relative error. The lower limit of quantitation was set at 0.2 ng/mL. The high sensitivity and acceptable performance of the assay allowed its application to the analysis of plasma samples obtained following the oral administration of vardenafil to healthy male volunteers in a pharmacokinetic study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
Regadenoson, the first selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, is used to perform exercise stress test during radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging. To detect the concentration of regadenoson in human plasma, a simple, fast, and sensitive tandem mass spectrometry method was established herein. Acetonitrile was used as a protein precipitation agent. Chromatographic separation was completed in 6.5 min using a BEH HILIC column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (gradient elution). To quantify regadenoson and regadenoson-d3, an API 4000 mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode with transitions of 391.3→259.2 and 394.3→262.2, respectively, was utilized. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.100–50.0 μg/L, and the intrabatch and interbatch precisions were <9.7% and <13.0%, respectively, and the accuracy was 2.0–6.9%. There was no apparent matrix effect for regadenoson or regadenoson-d3. The developed method was used to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of regadenoson in healthy Chinese subjects.  相似文献   

6.
A specific, sensitive and stable high‐performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of methyl 3‐amino‐6‐methoxythieno [2,3‐b]quinoline‐2‐carboxylate (PU‐48), a novel diuretic thienoquinolin urea transporter inhibitor in rat plasma. In this method, the chromatographic separation of PU‐48 was achieved with a reversed‐phase C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) at 35°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water with 0.05% formic acid added with a gradient elution at flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Samples were detected with the triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization source in positive mode. The retention time were 6.2 min for PU‐48 and 7.2 min for megestrol acetate (internal standard, IS). The monitored ion transitions were mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) 289.1 → 229.2 for PU‐48 and m/z 385.3 → 267.1 for the internal standard. The calibration curve for PU‐48 was linear over the concentration range of 0.1–1000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99), and the lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy and stability of the method were validated adequately. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of PU‐48 in rats.  相似文献   

7.
A precise and accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) bioanalytical method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of zidebactam (ZID) and cefepime (FEP) in dog plasma. Ceftazidime was used as an internal standard. Protein precipitation method was used as sample preparation approach. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range 0.156–80 μg/mL for ZID and 0.312–160 μg/mL for FEP. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. A run time of 3.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze the maximum number of samples per day. The proposed method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs.  相似文献   

8.
Boldine is a potential anti‐inflammatory agent found in several different plants. Published bioanalytical methods using HPLC with ultraviolet and fluorescent detection lacked enough sensitivity and required tedious sample preparation procedures. Herein, we describe the development of a novel ultra‐high performance LC with MS/MS for determination of boldine in plasma. Boldine in plasma was recovered by liquid–liquid extraction using 1 mL of methyl tert‐butyl ether. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column at 45°C, with a gradient elution consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection was performed on an electrospray triple‐quadrupole MS/MS by positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Good linearity (r2 > 0.9926) was achieved in a concentration range of 2.555–2555 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 2.555 ng/mL for boldine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions of the assay were 1.2–6.0 and 1.8–7.4% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of ?6.0–8.0% relative error. This newly developed method was successfully applied to a single low‐dose pharmacokinetic study in rats and was demonstrated to be simpler and more sensitive than the published methods, allowing boldine quantification in reduced plasma volume. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
A simple, sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of 7‐hydroxymitragynine in rat plasma. Following a single‐step liquid–liquid extraction of plasma samples using chloroform, 7‐hydroxymitragynine and the internal standard (tryptoline) were separated on an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm) column using an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water and 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile (10:90, v/v). The run time was 2.5 min. The analysis was carried out under the multiple reaction‐monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Protonated ions [M + H]+ and their respective product ions were monitored at the following transitions: 415 → 190 for 7‐hydroxymitragynine and 173 → 144 for the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 10–4000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999) with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries ranged from 62.0 to 67.3% at concentrations of 20, 600 and 3200 ng/mL). Intra‐ and inter‐day assay precisions (relative standard deviation) were <15% and the accuracy was within 96.5–104.0%. This validated method was successfully applied to quantify 7‐hydroxymitragynine in rat plasma following intravenous administration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
An analytical method based on liquid–liquid extraction has been developed and validated for analysis of agomelatine in human plasma. Fluoxetine was used as an internal standard for agomelatine. A Betasil C18 (4.0 × 100 mm, 5 µm) column provided chromatographic separation of analytes followed by detection with mass spectrometry. The method involves simple isocratic chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric detection in the positive ionization mode using an API‐4000 system. The proposed method has been validated with linear range of 0.050–8.000 ng/ml for agomelatine. The intra‐run and inter‐run precision values are within 12.12% and 9.01%, respectively, for agomelatine at the lower limit of quantification level. The overall recovery for agomelatine and fluoxetine was 67.10% and 72.96%, respectively. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of plasma samples from a pharmacokinetic study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
An improved, simple and highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantification of febuxostat with 100 μL human plasma using febuxostat‐d7 as an internal standard (IS) according to regulatory guidelines. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma via liquid–liquid extraction using diethyl ether. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mm ammonium formate (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The total run time was 5.0 min and the elution of febuxostat and IS occurred at 1.0 and 1.5 min, respectively. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 1–6000 ng/mL (r > 0.99). The precursor to product ion transitions monitored for febuxostat and IS were m/z 317.1 → 261.1 and 324.2 → 262.1, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (%RSD) were within 1.29–9.19 and 2.85–7.69%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
A simple, highly sensitive and rapid method for quantification of olprinone (phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor) in rabbit plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray was developed. An aliquot of 50 μL of plasma sample was cleaned up and extracted using Ostro? 96‐well plate followed by dilution. Chromatographic separation of olprinone and olprinone‐d3 was carried out on a CORTECS® T3 column within 3 min. Detection was achieved using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization operated in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode using the transitions m/z 251.07 → m/z 155.06 and m/z 254.21 → m/z 158.10 for olprinone and olprinone‐d3, respectively. The method was validated according to US Food and Drug Administration guideline for bioanalytical methods, and showed excellent linearity in the range 10.0–2000.0 ng/mL with coefficient of determination >0.99. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (CV) were <5.1% and the accuracies were within the range 99.7–103.2% at all quality control concentrations. Furthermore, olprinone was stable under various stability conditions. The developed method was used for quantification of olprinone in rabbit plasma after its intravenous administration at the dose of 1 mg/kg in order to better understand the metabolism of olprinone in a rabbit model of lung injury.  相似文献   

13.
A specific and sensitive UHPLC‐qTOF‐MS method was developed and validated for quantification of fuziline in rat plasma after oral administration of three dosages. The analyte was separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with a total running time of 3 min using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol (80:20, v/v) at a flow‐rate of 0.25 mL/min. The calibration curves for fuziline showed good linearity in the concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients >0.997. The precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were deemed acceptable. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetics study of fuziline in rats. The mean half‐life was 5.93, 6.13 and 5.12 h for 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg oral administration of fuziline, respectively. The peak concentration and area under the concentration–time curve increased linearly with the doses. The sum of these results indicated that, in the range of the doses examined, the pharmacokinetics of fuziline in rat was based on first‐order kinetics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
A rapid, simple, specific and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the enantiomeric quantification of amlodipine (AML) isomers [R‐amlodipine (R‐AML) and S‐amlodipine (S‐AML)] with 200 μL of human plasma using R‐AML‐d4 and S‐AML‐d4 as corresponding internal standards as per regulatory guidelines. A simple liquid–liquid extraction process was used to extract these analytes from human plasma. The total run time was 3.5 min and the elution of R‐AML, S‐AML, R‐AML‐d4 and S‐AML‐d4 occurred at 1.62, 2.51, 1.63 and 2.53 min, respectively. This was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% ammonia–acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min on a Chiralcel OJ RH column. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.1–10 ng/mL (r >0.998) for each enantiomer. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values for both enantiomers met the acceptance criteria. Both enantiomers were stable in a set of stability studies, viz. bench‐top, auto‐sampler, freeze–thaw cycles and long‐term. The current assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study to quantitate AML enantiomers following oral administration of 10 mg AML tablet to humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Xanthii Fructus is extensively used as an herbal medicine. Ingestion of this herb is associated with severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside are two dominative toxic constituents in Xanthii Fructus. However, their pharmacokinetic study is lacking. In this study, a novel high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously quantify the rat plasma concentrations of atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside. After protein precipitation, the analytes were chromatographic separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus column (2.1 × 150 mm id, 5 µm) under gradient elute. In the negative electrospray ionization mode, the transitions at m/z 725.3→645.4 for atractyloside, m/z 769.3→689.4 for carboxyatractyloside, and m/z 479.2→121.1 for paeoniflorin (the internal standard) were acquired by multiple reaction monitoring. This analytical method showed good linearity over 1–500 ng/mL for atractyloside and 2–500 ng/mL for carboxyatractyloside with acceptable precision and accuracy. No matrix effect, instability and carryover occurred in the analysis procedure. The extraction recoveries were greater than 85.0%. This method was applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study by orally administering Xanthii Fructus extract (9 g/kg) to rats, which was useful to evaluate the role of these two compounds in Xanthii Fructus‐induced toxicity.  相似文献   

16.
A highly sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique for the quantification of tasimelteon in human plasma has been developed and validated using tasimelteon‐d5 as internal standard. Liquid–liquid extraction technique with ethyl acetate was used for extraction of tasimelteon from the plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax, Eclipse, C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.02% formic acid buffer (85:15, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range 0.30–299 ng/mL. The API‐4000 liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode during analysis. The validated method was successfully applied to estimate plasma concentration of tasimelteon after oral administration of a single dose of a 20 mg capsule in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The maximum concentration of the drug achieved in the plasma was 314 ± 147 ng/mL and the time at which this concentration was attained was 0.54 ± 0.22 h.  相似文献   

17.
A sensitive and rapid LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantifying swertianolin in rat plasma using rutin as an internal standard (IS). Following liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographic separation for swertianolin was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection was performed on a tandem mass spectrometer using multiple reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source and operating in the negative ionization mode. The optimized mass transition ion pairs (m/z) for quantitation were 435.1/272.0 for swertianolin and 609.2/300.1 for IS. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL within a linear range of 0.5–500 ng/mL. Intra‐day and inter‐day precision was less than 6.8%. The accuracy was in the range of ?13.9 to 12.0%. The mean recovery of swertianolin was >66.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of swertianolin after an oral dose of 50 mg/kg Swertia mussotii extract in rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
A sensitive, specific and simple LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the identification and quantification of bivalirudin in human plasma using diazepam as an internal standard (IS). The API‐4000 LC‐MS/MS was operated under multiple‐reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. The sample preparation consisted of an easy protein precipitation sample pretreatment with methanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 100 × 2.1 mm column with a mobile phase of water–methanol–0.1% formic acid. The analytes were detected with a triple quadrupole Quantum Access with positive ionization. Ions monitored in the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode were m/z 1091 → 650 for bivalirudin (at 2.70 min) and m/z 285 → 193 for diazepam (at 3.85 min). The developed method was validated in human plasma with a lower limit of quantitation of 20 µg/L for bivalirudin. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 20–10,000 µg/L (r > 0.998) for bivalirudin. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values for bivalirudin met the acceptance criteria as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Bivalirudin was stable in the battery of stability studies, viz. bench‐top, freeze–thaw cycles and long‐term stability. The developed assay method was applied to an intravenous administration study in humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
Tubuloside B, a novel neuroprotective phenylethanoid, is a major active constituent of Cistanche tubulosa and Cistanche deserticola. A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tubuloside B in rat plasma. Sample preparation was conducted through a protein‐precipitation extraction with methanol using tubuloside A as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol–10 mm ammonium acetate buffer (70:30, v/v) in an isocratic elution. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed in negative ionization mode with selected reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 665.1 → 160.9 for tubuloside B, and m/z 827.1 → 160.9 for IS. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 1.64–1640 ng/mL for plasma samples samples (R2 > 0.990). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.64 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy was between 92.3 and 113.0% with the RSD <9.23% at all LLOQ and quality control levels. Finally, this method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics study of tubuloside B after intravenous administration.  相似文献   

20.
We developed and validated a simple, sensitive, selective and reliable LC–ESI‐MS/MS method for direct quantitation of dropropizine enantiomers namely levodropropizine (LDP) and dextrodropropizine (DDP) in rat plasma without the need for derivatization as per regulatory guidelines. Dropropizine enantiomers and carbamazepine (internal standard) were extracted from 50 μL rat plasma using ethyl acetate. LDP and DDP resolved with good baseline separation (Rs = 4.45) on a Chiralpak IG‐3 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol with 0.05% diethylamine pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection and quantitation were done in multiple reaction monitoring mode following the transitions m/z 237 → 160 and 237 → 194 for dropropizine enantiomers and the internal standard, respectively, in the positive ionization mode. The proposed method provided accurate and reproducible results over the linearity range of 3.23–2022 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges of 3.38–13.6 and 5.11–13.8 for LDP and 4.19–11.8 and 8.89–10.1 for DDP. Both LDP and DDP were found to be stable under different stability conditions. The method was successfully used in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of dropropizine enantiomers in rats following oral administration of racemate dropropizine at 100 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that the disposition of dropropizine enantiomers is not stereoselective and chiral inversion does not occur in rats.  相似文献   

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