简明分数阶傅里叶变换及其对线性调频信号的检测和参数估计

针对低信噪比下线性调频信号的检测问题,提出了一种简明分数阶傅里叶变换方法。该变换借助chirp相乘和傅里叶变换对时频平面上的频率轴进行旋转,以获取信号在各个角度下频率轴上的频谱分布。对时频分布呈直线状的线性调频信号,简明分数阶傅里叶变换能在特定角度上将信号能量聚集成尖锐的强能量峰,从而提高信噪比,实现对线性调频信号的可靠检测和参数估计。数值仿真和实验验证结果表明,简明分数阶傅里叶变换可对较低信噪比的线性调频信号实现有效检测,并由变换域峰值的位置对信号参数进行准确估计。相比于传统的分数阶傅里叶变换方法,简明分数阶傅里叶变换的复杂度更低,离散计算效率更高,在对噪声掩盖下的线性调频信号进行检测和参数估计时能更好地满足实时处理的要求。     

基于分数阶傅立叶变换的线性调频回波参数估计

本文提出了一种适用于宽带线性调频回波的分数阶傅立叶变换参数估计方法。它通过寻找合适的信号代替发射信号做模版,使得模版信号与接收信号的模糊函数匹配度高,峰值尖锐,失真率低。再利用分数阶傅立叶变换与模糊函数的关系,使用两次分数阶域的峰值搜索代替原有的一次二维搜索降低计算量。仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在精确估计宽带回波的时延和频移的同时降低了计算复杂度。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的光学加密影片

随着通信与网络的快速发展,能够包含大容量信息的影片得到了广泛应用。利用分数阶傅里叶变换的特点,提出了一种全光学加密解密影片的方法。将现有的影片加密密钥从二重变为了四重,显著增加了影片的安全性。通过改变振幅型正弦光栅的作用位置,将影片的加密解密次数由现有的每帧各一次减小为总共一次,优化了算法。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于短时分数阶傅里叶变换域滤波的多项式相位信号时频检测

针对低信噪比下多个多项式相位信号提出了一种基于短时分数阶滤波的时频检测方法。分数阶傅里叶变换作为一种线性变换,能够实现线性调频信号检测与分离。而多项式相位信号在短时间内可以由线性调频信号提供良好的近似,故可以采用短时分数阶傅里叶变换实现多线性调频分量的检测与分离。对每个短时信号的时频分析进行叠加组合,即得到多个多项式相位信号的时频分析检测。计算机模拟仿真证明了此方法的有效性。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换混响抑制的目标回波检测方法

提出了一种声呐发射信号为线性调频信号时,基于分数阶傅里叶变换混响抑制的目标回波信号检测方法。通过计算混响的缓慢时变包络,对混响进行时间域的平稳化处理。对平稳化的混响信号滑动窗截取,对截取信号进行分数阶傅里叶变换,然后在分数阶傅里叶域进行滤波处理,再进行逆分数阶傅里叶变换恢复出时间域信号,最后输出该信号的能量。当滑动窗截取到目标回波信号时,窗内的混响噪声得到抑制,系统输出目标回波的能量,从而实现混响背景下的信号检测。通过计算机仿真和湖试实验结果,表明所提方法可以准确的在混响背景下检测到目标回波信号,并且在混响噪声背景条件下相比于匹配滤波器具有更好的检测性能。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的模式测控一体化方法

提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的模式测控一体化方法。利用分数阶傅里叶变换光路对光纤模式耦合态进行空间调制和相位调制,以实现模式的有效分解。与双重傅里叶变换（F²）法以及空间和频谱成像（S²）法相比,采用的分数阶傅里叶变换法,通过改变分数阶参数,控制模式的空间分布以及模式间的叠加状态,更易于分解出高阶模式。基于分数阶傅里叶变换的模式测量方法可在更广泛空间,研究模式的空间和相位叠加以及模式分解,也可退化为F²法和S²法。     

一种基于混沌和分数阶傅里叶变换的数字水印算法

基于混沌序列及离散分数阶傅里叶变换,提出了一种基于混沌和分数阶傅里叶变换的数字水印算法,并对算法及抗攻击性能进行了仿真分析.结果表明,该算法简单有效,对JPEG压缩、噪声、滤波等攻击具有良好的鲁棒性. 关键词： 数字水印 混沌 分数阶傅里叶变换 鲁棒性     

离散分数阶傅里叶变换快速算法的DSP详细实现

为满足在数字信号处理器DSP(digital signal processor)上进行离散分数阶傅里叶变换DFRFT(discrete fractional fourier transform) 实时计算的要求，通过对多种DFRFT计算方法进行比较,选择Ozaktas提出的DFRFT快速算法进行基于DSP的详细实现处理。在对该快速算法进行理论分析的基础上，将快速算法的计算过程进行优化配置，并给出完整的计算量统计结果。在保证精度要求的情况下，提出的详细实现方法将快速算法的实数乘法计算量减至最小。工程实际应用表明：该方法满足DSP运算精度和实时性要求。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的弹载SAR成像算法

针对弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号的多普勒参数随斜距变化大及传统脉冲压缩成像算法分辨率低的问题,本文提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的弹载SAR成像算法.首先建立弹载SAR末制导阶段回波信号模型,然后通过局部最优处理来测量回波信号的调频率,并以此计算FrFT的最优阶次,在最优阶次下分别对回波信号进行距离向和方位向的FrFT,从而得到成像区域的SAR图像,最后分别采用传统脉冲压缩成像算法与本文基于FrFT的成像算法进行仿真和实测对比实验.实验结果表明,该算法能够对目标区域精确成像;由于在成像处理过程中,对每个距离向和方位向的回波信号进行独立的局部最优处理,因此该算法更适应于弹载SAR的非线性飞行轨迹,大大提高了弹载SAR的成像性能.该研究成果在目标探测与识别,精确制导等领域中具有重要的应用价值.     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的水下目标宽带回波精确提取

线性调频信号可能将成为水下目标强度宽带测试的一种主要信号形式。本文在分析水中目标回声构成特点的基础上,探讨了一种滤除界面反射精确提取目标回波的方法。利用线性调频信号在一定分数阶傅立叶域呈现高度聚集的特性,将线性调频信号作为收发合置换能器的发射信号,在适当的分数阶傅立叶域中,目标回波和界面反射波如果表现为两个可分离的谱峰,就可以用窄带滤波的方法去除界面反射。本文给出了算法仿真及水池试验结果,即使对于和线性调频回波相距很近的界面反射,仍然可以有效去除,精确提取出目标回波。     

The concise fractional Fourier transform and its application in detection and parameter estimation of the linear frequency-modulated signal

A concise fractional Fourier transform(CFRFT) is proposed to detect the linear frequency-modulated(LFM) signal with low signal to noise ratio(SNR).The frequency axis in time-frequency plane of the CFRFT is rotated to get the spectrum of the signal in different angles using chirp multiplication and Fourier transform(FT).For LFM signal which distributes as a straight line in time-frequency plane,the CFRFT can gather the energy in the corresponding angle as a peak and improve the detection SNR,thus the LFM signal of low SNR can be detected.Meanwhile,the location of the peak value relates to the parameters of the LFM signal.Numerical simulations and experimental results show that,the proposed method can be used to efficiently detect the LFM signal masked by noise and to estimate the signal's parameters accurately.Compared with the conventional fractional Fourier transform(FRFT),the CFRFT reduces the transform complexity and improves the real-time detection performance of LFM signal.     

低信噪比线性调频信号目标的方位估计

线性调频(LFM)信号目标的方位估计是水声探测研究的重要内容,在进行方位估计时,若存在强干扰信号源与强背景噪声,阵元接收信号的信噪比会显著降低,严重影响LFM信号目标方位估计结果的准确性.针对该问题,提出了一种简明分数阶滤波方法,并将其与常规波束形成方法(CBF)相结合来实现低信噪比条件下LFM信号目标的方位估计.简明分数阶傅里叶变换能在正交角度上将LFM信号的能量聚集在特定频点处并形成明显的能量峰,利用该特性,可对阵列各阵元接收的低信噪比LFM信号在简明分数阶域聚集的能量峰进行最佳滤波,以滤除干扰信息及背景噪声.对滤波输出进行逆简明分数阶傅里叶变换可得到增强信干比和信噪比的阵元域信号,进一步用于目标方位估计,就能获得更加准确的目标方位。数值仿真结果和海试实验数据处理结果验证表明,本文所提出的方法可有效抑制干扰和背景噪声,并对低信噪比LFM信号进行准确、稳健的方位估计。     

On the core of the fractional Fourier transform and its role in composing complex fractional Fourier transformations and Fresnel transformations

By a quantum mechanical analysis of the additive rule F_α[F_β[f]] = F_α+β[f], which the fractional Fourier transformation (FrFT) F_α[f] should satisfy, we reveal that the position-momentum mutualtransformation operator is the core element for constructing the integration kernel of FrFT. Based on this observation and the two mutually conjugate entangled-state representations, we then derive a core operator for enabling a complex fractional Fourier transformation (CFrFT), which also obeys the additive rule. In a similar manner, we also reveal the fractional transformation property for a type of Fresnel operator.     

Parameter estimation of optical fringes with quadratic phase using the fractional Fourier transform

Optical fringes with a quadratic phase are often encountered in optical metrology. Parameter estimation of such fringes plays an important role in interferometric measurements. A novel method is proposed for accurate and direct parameter estimation using the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT), even in the presence of noise and obstacles. We take Newton׳s rings fringe patterns and electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) interferograms as classic examples of optical fringes that have a quadratic phase and present simulation and experimental results demonstrating the performance of the proposed method.     

Nonlinear joint fractional Fourier transform correlation for target detection in hyperspectral image

In this paper, we present a spectral joint fractional Fourier transform correlation (SJFRTC) for detecting and identifying very small target with only a few pixels using reflectance spectral information in the hyperspectral imagery. In this technique, fractional correlation (FC) between input spectral signature and known reference spectral signature is performed digitally or optically. Binary differential technique is utilized to enhance the performance of the SJFRTC, resulting in delta-function-like correlation peaks without dc interference. Distinctive and distinguishable correlation performance is obtained using peak-to-clutter ratio (PCR) instead of absolute correlation peak value, which makes the proposed technique independent from the intensity variation of the spectral signature. Simulation results using real-life hyperspectral images show that the binary SJFRTC can detect both single or/and multiple targets successfully with excellent detection capability, as compared to the other traditional hyperspectral detection algorithms.     

Motion detection,the Wigner distribution function,and the optical fractional Fourier transform

It is shown that both surface tilting and translational motion can be independently estimated by use of the speckle photographic technique by capturing consecutive images in two different fractional Fourier domains. A geometric interpretation, based on use of the Wigner distribution function, is presented to describe this application of the optical fractional Fourier transform when little prior information is known about the motion.