通过相位内插与补偿提高相干平均线谱检测性能

针对现有基于相位补偿的相干平均检测方法相位补偿不准确引起线谱检测性能下降的问题,提出了一种改进的相干平均线谱检测方法。该方法在使用FFT估计分段长度不等于信号周期整数倍引起的各段信号之间的相位差时,采用频域三点插值获得精确相位差估计,在相干平均前对分段数据乘以一个复系数,以消除该相位差使相位同步。理论分析表明,改进方法能获得最大3.9dB的增益。通过计算机仿真比较了非相干的平均功率谱法、相干平均法、改进的相干平均法的检测性能,与理论分析基本一致,验证了改进方法有更强的线谱检测能力。     

单矢量水听器方位估计的柱状图方法

单矢量水听器可以估计目标方位,矢量水听器信号处理中用到的平均声强器的处理方法能很好地抗各向同性的非相干干扰,但不能抗相干干扰.文中提出了一种新的单矢量水听器方位估计方法柱状图方位估计法,介绍了该方法的原理;对宽带信号中含强线谱相干干扰的情况进行了计算机仿真,结果表明该方法在强线谱相干干扰下能有效检测目标、估计目标方位;海试结果验证了该方法抗强线谱相干干扰的有效性.     

船舶辐射噪声解调谱相位耦合特性与应用

研究了船舶辐射噪声解调谱谐波线谱的相位特性,通过对实际船舶辐射噪声数据分析,指出船舶辐射噪声解调谱线谱中轴频线谱相位和部分谐波线谱相位之和,与叶频线谱相位的差值为零或为一常数,即存在相位耦合关系。给出了频率具有耦合关系、相位差为非零常数谐波信号的高阶累量,并对这种谐波信号的高阶谱进行了仿真计算。研究了船舶辐射噪声解调谱线谱相位耦合特性的利用方法,通过对部分典型弱调制噪声信号高阶谱分析,指出利用相位耦合关系可以提高弱解调谱船舶目标的螺旋桨参数特征提取能力。      

自适应陷波滤波器应用研究

本文介绍自适应陷波滤波器的基本理论,提出了设计极窄带自适应陷波器和滤波器的方法,介绍了用作相位估计器的概念。作者证明自适应相位估计器是理想条件下的最大似然比相位估计器,计算机仿真研究和硬件实验结果均表明该估计器有良好的性能,它的显著优点是同时完成了信号的检测和相位差的估计。     

利用分频带空间谱和波束域的输出直流跳变与起伏比值融合检测未知线谱目标

目标辐射噪声中高强度稳定线谱可以用来提高常规宽带能量积分的检测性能。理论分析了已知线谱检测优于宽带能量积分检测的谱级比条件。给出了线谱频带可检测条件下,线谱谱级与最小可检测信噪比关系。分析分频带空间谱和波束域的输出直流跳变与起伏比值特征。在此基础上提出了一种构造频率、方位滤波矩阵的方法。该矩阵作用类似频带方位滤波器,通过对线谱频带目标方位的信号放大,与其他频带判决结果融合,来提高常规宽带能量积分的性能。最后给出该算法适用条件和性能分析。数据仿真和海试数据处理结果可知,该算法在多干扰源存在下对弱线谱目标提取能力强,且不需多帧统计,在检测效果上更接近于理想的窄带线谱检测方法。      

拖线阵机动时的自适应波束形成

提出了一种MVDR(最小方差无失真响应)的改进算法,用以解决常规MVDR算法由于阵形时变而出现的性能下降问题。在获得时变阵形估计数据的基础上,该算法以统计时段内的平均阵形为基准阵形,在每个扫描方向上根据实际阵形和基准阵形的差异对阵列互谱矩阵多样本进行相位补偿,从而实现统计时段内的互谱矩阵多样本相干累加和目标检测。数值仿真与海上实验数据处理结果表明:与传统MVDR算法相比,改进算法有效缓解了时变阵形下的目标测向角度模糊问题,可提高拖线阵目标左右舷分辨性能、增强弱目标检测能力。      

参数未知的舰船辐射噪声检测方法

舰船辐射噪声的检测方法已有广泛研究,其中线谱特征是检测的重要依据。基于线谱特征的舰船辐射噪声检测方法常需要线谱数目、频率等参数作为检测的先验信息,这些信息不准确或无法确知时,检测方法的性能会受到显著影响。针对实际应用中对于未知舰船无法获得其参数信息的情况,研究基于连续谱谱峰特征的更为一般性的信号存在性检测方法。将窄带信号瞬时频率分析的思想扩展到舰船辐射噪声这类宽带信号,从信号频率与能量分布的角度推导得到宽带信号"瞬时频率"的近似表示式。构建宽带信号的瞬时频率检测器,并对其性能进行理论分析,结果表明该检测器的性能主要受舰船辐射噪声瞬时频率方差以及接收信噪比影响。通过计算机仿真和实际数据对算法的性能进行了验证。      

参数未知的舰船辐射噪声检测方法

舰船辐射噪声的检测方法已有广泛研究,其中线谱特征是检测的重要依据。基于线谱特征的舰船辐射噪声检测方法常需要线谱数目、频率等参数作为检测的先验信息,这些信息不准确或无法确知时,检测方法的性能会受到显著影响。针对实际应用中对于未知舰船无法获得其参数信息的情况,研究基于连续谱谱峰特征的更为一般性的信号存在性检测方法。将窄带信号瞬时频率分析的思想扩展到舰船辐射噪声这类宽带信号,从信号频率与能量分布的角度推导得到宽带信号"瞬时频率"的近似表示式。构建宽带信号的瞬时频率检测器,并对其性能进行理论分析,结果表明该检测器的性能主要受舰船辐射噪声瞬时频率方差以及接收信噪比影响。通过计算机仿真和实际数据对算法的性能进行了验证。     

被动线谱检测的子带分解和分方位区间融合算法

目标辐射噪声中低频线谱丰富,而且谱级比高、强度稳定,相比调制谱检测具有优越性。基于子带分解处理的现有融合方法适用在信噪比相对较高情况下,而当干扰是相干的或强宽带信号时,对线谱目标有效检测仍没很好解决。本文从子带空间谱统计特性出发,利用线谱谱级高出连续谱10-25dB;线谱频带所在方位区间的输出方位波动小,而其他分区间的输出方位波动大特点,提出了一种在信噪比低,多目标并存情况下更有效的弱线谱提取融合方法。理论仿真和海试实验数据处理结果验证该方法具有创新性、较常规方位稳定算法适用范围更广、检测效果更好,适合工程应用。     

一种基于新型间歇混沌振子的舰船线谱检测方法

为了实现低信噪比下未知频率的舰船辐射线谱的检测,对常规型间歇混沌振子列检测方法进行了改进,提出了一种基于适应步长型间歇混沌振子的信号检测方法.该方法可以只用一个Duffing振子,通过设定一组能够覆盖待测信号所在频段的求解步长序列,实现对未知频率、具有任意初相位的微弱周期信号的搜索检测.为进一步提高系统的弱信号检测性能,分析了Holmes型Duffing方程在不同频率内置策动力下对弱信号灵敏度的差异.综合理论分析和仿真研究结果给出了Duffing振子在内置策动力角频率为0.4 rad/s时对弱信号检测性能最佳,并据此对所采用的Duffing振子进行了优化;仿真结果表明,改进后的Duffing振子的弱信号检测性能提高了12 dB.最后将此方法应用于一组含有舰船辐射线谱的实船数据,结果表明此方法可以实现低信噪比下的未知频率微弱线谱检测.     

Improving coherent averaging line spectrum detection with phase interpolation and compensation

For the purpose of resolving the problem of performance deterioration introduced by inaccurate phase compensation in existing coherent averaging line spectrum detectors,a modified coherent detector is proposed.The three point interpolation in frequency domain is applied to obtain accurate estimate of phase difference between segments when the segmented length is not an integral multiple of the signal period.Then the segmented data are multiplied by a complex coefficient to remove the phase difference and synchronize the phases of all the segments before coherent averaging.Theoretical analysis shows that there will be a gain of3.9 dB at most by using the modified detector.The detection performance of the incoherent averaging power spectrum detector(AVGPR),the phase coherent averaging detector,the modified coherent averaging detector are compared with each other by computer simulations.The results coincide basically with the theoretical analysis,which show the superiority of the modified detector to the former two detectors.     

Sensitive ultrashort pulse chirp measurement

The chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse can be extracted with high accuracy from a modified spectrum auto-interferometric correlation waveform by using a new time domain algorithm that allows signal averaging. We display results revealing high sensitivity to chirp even with signal-to-noise levels approaching unity. Correction algorithms have been developed to accommodate signal distortion arising from bandwidth limitations, interferometer misalignment, and nonquadratic detector response.     

伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中传播的闪烁孔径平滑效应

采用光传播的数值模拟方法, 对伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束大气传播过程进行数值模拟, 统计分析不同接收口径内的光强起伏特性,计算闪烁的孔径平滑因子, 讨论了表征伪部分相干光的调制相位屏的相对变化频率对闪烁指数的影响, 并将其与充分发展的部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束及完全相干光的闪烁指数对比. 结果表明: 降低光源相干性可大幅度降低闪烁指数, 但同时其闪烁指数的孔径平滑效应减弱, 在相同接收孔径下, 伪部分相干光闪烁指数的孔径平滑效果要比完全相干光差; 增大调制相位屏的相对变化频率可在一定程度上降低闪烁指数, 随着其相对频率的增大, 伪部分相干光的闪烁指数与部分相干光的结果趋于一致. 关键词： 伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束 湍流大气 孔径平滑闪烁指数 数值模拟     

A novel fiber optic ring-down interferometer for sensing

A ring-down interferometer (RDI) based on a modified Mach–Zehnder structure by incorporating a pair of mirrors with very high reflectivity into each of its two arms, respectively is proposed in this paper. Launching a coherent light pulse into the interferometer, in each arm, pulse ring-down occurs between its two mirrors and outputs a chain of pulses. The two chains of pulses from the two arms combine and interfere pulse by pulse at the detector and the difference of the light phase between the two arms will be enlarged linearly in proportion to the times of ring-down.     

梯-型三能级系统中自发辐射的量子相干控制

采用从基态到第一激发态为双激光场驱动的物理模型,对梯形三能级系统中自发辐射的相干控制进行了分析,通过变换驱动激光场之间的相对相位得到了一些主要结果.共振激发时,谱线呈现出三个谱峰的对称形式.当初始相位相同时,两边辐射峰值较高而中间峰值较低.随着初相位差的增加,两边谱峰之间的距离逐渐增大,谱线的高度逐渐下降,中心谱线的高度随着初始相位差的增加逐渐增大,宽度逐渐变小,直至成为一条较为尖锐的线,实现了对两边谱峰的完全抑制效应.采用下能级为双激光场激发的梯-型三能级系统,通过变换激光场之间的相对相位,实现了对激发态自发辐射的量子相干控制,观察到自发辐射光谱的抑制及谱线的猝灭等效应.     

孔径平均效应对采用相位补偿技术的空间相干光通信系统误码率的影响

基于大气湍流影响下的空间相干光通信系统模型和孔径平均效应的平面波模型,通过数值模拟研究了弱光强波动条件下孔径平均效应以及大气湍流内外尺度对相干光通信系统误码率和接收孔径直径最优值的影响。研究结果表明:孔径平均效应能够有效减小相干光通信系统的误码率,改善系统性能;原始信噪比越高,传输距离越短,波长越长,相位补偿模式的J值越大,接收孔径直径越接近最优值,孔径平均效应对误码率的改善效果越明显;孔径平均效应会影响接收孔径直径的最优值,相位补偿模式的J值越大,影响越明显;系统误码率和接收孔径直径最优值会随着大气湍流内尺度的增大而相应增大,随着大气湍流外尺度的减小而相应减小。研究结果将为空间相干光通信系统设计提供必要的理论依据。     

Characterizing auditory neurons using the Wigner and Rihacek distributions: a comparison

Because of their dynamic properties, most sounds can best be characterized in the combined frequency-time (FT) domain. Powerful frequency-time characterizations are the Wigner distribution function (WDF) and the Rihacek energy density function (RDF). In the present paper several new concepts are introduced such as using the WDF to characterize the tuning of auditory neurons under wideband noise stimulation and a new method to quantify phase lock of auditory neurons to a wideband noise. No appreciable differences were found between the WDF and RDF in narrow-band signal representations. However, the differences between the WDF and RDF increase as the bandwidth of the signal increases. When signals are buried in uncorrelated background noise, the average FT function of these signals may be obtained through averaging the FT functions for each signal plus noise segment. The WDF takes at least a factor 2 more in time to compute than the RDF. The FT functions can be used to characterize (linear) filters by averaging FT functions of input-noise segments that precede threshold crossings of the filter's output signal. Both the WDF and the RDF were used to characterize auditory neurons from the midbrain in anurans; the WDF always had a smaller bandwidth than the RDF. By comparing the spectrum of the reverse correlation function and the average spectrum of the noise segments preceding the spikes, a quantification of the amount of phase lock of the auditory neuron to the noise is obtained.     

Simulation study of neutrino nucleus cross section measurement in a segmented detector at a spallation neutron source

Knowledge of ν_e-Fe/Pb differential cross sections for ν_e energy below several tens of MeV scale is believed to be crucial in understanding supernova physics. In a segmented detector at a spallation neutron source, ν_e energy reconstructed from the electron range measurement is strongly affected because both multiple scattering and electromagnetic showers occur along the electron passage in target materials. In order to estimate these effects, a simulation study has been performed with a cube block model assuming perfect tracking precision. The energy spectrum distortion is observed to be proportional to the atomic number of the target material. Feasibility of unfolding the distorted ν_e energy spectrum is studied for both Fe and Pb. An evaluation of the statistical accuracy attainable is therefore provided for a segmented detector.     

Optical phase locking with a large and tunable frequency difference based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

We present a novel method to phase lock two lasers with a controllable frequency difference. A microwave frequency-modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is used to phase connect two diode lasers by a two-step injection locking. The phase fluctuations of the two lasers are measured to be 6.4 x 10(-4) rad2, corresponding to 99.94% phase coherence. The frequency difference of the two lasers is tunable up to tens of gigahertz. The sideband suppression of the slave laser is more than 30 dB at 30 microW seed power. A narrow linewidth spectrum of coherent population trapping in rubidium is achieved using such beams.     

Test of pulse shape analysis using single Compton scattering events

Procedures developed to separate single- and multiple-site events in germanium detector are tested with specially selected event samples provided by an 18-fold segmented prototype germanium detector for phase II of the germanium detector array, GERDA. The single Compton scattering, i.e. single-site, events are tagged by coincidently detecting the scattered photon with a second detector positioned at a defined angle. A neural network is trained to separate such events from events which come from multi-site dominated samples. Identification efficiencies of ≈80% are achieved for both single- and multi-site events. PACS 23.40.-s; 14.60Pq; 29.40.-n