Electrical and thermal transport properties of CdO ceramics

High temperature electrical and thermal transport properties, that is, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity, of CdO ceramics have been investigated. Because of the good electrical properties and low thermal conductivity, the dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT of the CdO ceramics reaches 0.34 at 1023 K. This value is comparable to the best reported ZT for the n-type oxide ceramic thermoelectric materials and remains as potential to be further improved by porosity controlling or nanostructuring.     

多约束纳米结构的声子热导率模型研究

纳米技术的快速发展使得对微纳尺度导热机理的深入研究变得至关重要. 理论和实验都表明, 在纳米尺度下声子热导率将表现出尺寸效应. 基于声子玻尔兹曼方程和修正声子平均自由程的方法得到了多约束纳米结构的声子热导率模型, 可以描述多个几何约束共同作用下热导率的尺寸效应. 不同几何约束对声子输运的限制作用可以分开计算, 总体影响则通过马西森定则进行耦合. 对于热流方向的约束, 采用扩散近似的方法求解声子玻尔兹曼方程; 对于侧面边界约束, 采用修正平均自由程的方法计算边界散射对热导率的影响. 得到的模型能够预测纳米薄膜(法向和面向)及有限长度方形纳米线的热导率随相应特征尺寸的变化. 与蒙特卡罗模拟及硅纳米结构热导率实验值的对比验证了模型的正确性.     

水基ZnO纳米流体电导和热导性能研究

利用水热法生成了形状规则、粒径均匀的球形ZnO纳米颗粒, 并超声分散于水中, 制备得到稳定的水基ZnO纳米流体. 实验测量水基ZnO纳米流体在体积分数和温度变化时的电导率, 并测试室温下水基ZnO纳米流体在不同体积分数下的热导率. 实验结果表明, ZnO纳米颗粒的添加较大地提高了基液(纯水)的热导率和电导率, 水基ZnO纳米流体的电导率随纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈非线性增加关系, 而电导率随温度变化呈现出拟线性关系; 纳米流体的热导率与纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈近似线性增加关系. 本文在经典Maxwell热导模型和布朗动力学理论的基础上, 同时考虑了吸附层、团聚体和布朗运动等因素对热导率的影响, 提出了热导率修正模型.将修正模型预测值与实验值对比, 结果表明修正模型可以较为准确地计算出纳米流体的热导率.关键词：水热法电导率热导率热导模型     

Electrical properties of V2O5-doped TlI

This paper reports the effect of heterogeneously doped vanadia on the ionic conductivity of thallium iodide (TlI). These compounds have been prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity. The materials were found to be binary phase systems with the vanadia particles dispersed in the grains of TlI. The electrical conductivity shows an upward trend in the composition range x=0.1–0.5; however, with further increase in vanadia content, conductivity decreases. This behavior is attributed to disordering phenomena at interface boundaries and space-charge layers formed in the bulk grains of TlI. In addition to this, the increased content of vanadia in the system leads to the disappearance of the β?α phase transition of TlI, which is usually observed in the pure compound.     

L型石墨纳米结的热输运

利用非平衡格林函数方法研究了由半无限长扶手椅型和锯齿型边界石墨纳米带连接而成的L型石墨纳米结的热输运性质.结果表明,L型石墨纳米结的热导依赖于L型石墨纳米结的夹角和石墨纳米带的宽度.在L型石墨纳米结的夹角从30°增加到90°再增加到150°过程中,其热导显著增大.夹角为90°的L型石墨纳米结的热导随着扶手椅型纳米带宽度增加时,在低温区热导随着宽度的增大而降低,在高温区热导随宽度的增大而升高.对于夹角为150°的L型石墨纳米结,其热导无论是在低温区还是在高温区都随着锯齿型纳米带宽度的增加而降低.利用声子透射谱对这些热输运现象进行了合理的解释.研究结果阐明了不同L型石墨纳米结中的热输运机理,为设计基于石墨纳米结的热输运器件提供了重要的物理模型和理论依据.关键词：石墨纳米结热输运热导     

稀疏膨胀过程中几何位形对于电子非局域热传导的影响

发展了考虑一维柱对称、球对称位型下流体演化的Fokker-Planck程序, 在流体力学极限下对程序进行了校验. 利用程序模拟研究了球对称位型、平板位型下等离子体在自由稀疏演化过程中电子热流的非局域热输运行为, 分析了几何位型对电子非局域热传导的影响. 非局域卷积理论的计算研究发现, 稀疏过程中空间的几何效应会减小外向电子热输运的非局域性.     

R134a迁移性质研究

1引言R134a作为一种新工质，有关对其迁移性质的研究目前还进行的不多，已有的迁移性质计算公式适用范围亦不宽。这些都影响了系统的优化设计和动态仿真。针对这一问题，作者在本文对R134a的导热系数、粘度关系式进行了研究。2有关R134a导热系数、粘度系数的实验研究国内外公开发表的有关R134a导热系数、粘度系数实验研究的报告如表1和表2所示。表1近年来对R134a导热系我实验研究表2近年来对R134a粘应的实验研究本文曾于1996年10月在武夷山召开的中国工程热物理学会工程热力学与能源利用学术会议上宣读．表1、表2列出了各研究者对R134a迁…     

键合界面对面发射激光器光与热性质的影响

通过界面有效吸收系数的计算及界面对腔模的反射率的影响可知,采用双面键合技术制备面发射激光器应使键合界面处于驻波场分布零点位置,同时界面厚度应该小于20 nm以使器件光学性能受界面吸收系数的影响较小.采用有限元方法分析VCSEL温度分布,结果证实薄的键合界面使VCSEL有源区温度对界面的热导率和电导率改变不敏感,而厚的键合界面将可能使有源区温度有较大地升高,给器件带来严重的不良影响.亲水键合和疏水键合的SEM照片说明疏水处理界面较薄,适合用于器件的制备.而亲水处理界面厚度>40 nm,对器件的光、热特性不利关键词：键合面发射激光器热导率电导率     

DC electrical resistivity for CoxNi5/3−xSb1/3Fe1O4 ferrites

The DC electrical resistivity (p) was studied for Co substituted SbNi ferrites as a function of temperature and composition. The experimental results showed that DC resistivity, Curie temperature and activation energies for electrical conduction increase as Co-ion substitution decreases. The DC electrical conductivity increases as temperature increases. The real part of dielectric constant (e') was found to be inversely proportional to the root mean square value of the electrical resistivity.     

DC conductivity for NixMg1–xFe2O4 ferrites

The DC electrical conductivity was studied as a function of both composition and temperature for the ferrite system Ni_xMg_1–xFe₂O₄ prepared by the usual ceramic technique. The experimental results proved that, the DC electrical conductivity increases as the temperature increases and as the nickel ion content and porosity decrease. The Curie temperature and the activation energies for electrical conduction increase as the nickel ion content increases.     

Effect of annealing temperature on photoelectrochemical properties of nanocrystalline MoBi2(Se0.5Te0.5)5 thin films

Nanocrystalline MoBi₂(Se_0.5Te_0.5)₅ thermoelectric thin films have been deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass and FTO-coated glass substrates by Arrested Precipitation Technique. The change in properties of MoBi₂(Se_0.5Te_0.5)₅ thin films were examined after annealing at the temperature 473 K for 3 h. The structural, morphological, compositional and electrical properties of thin films were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, etc. Thermoelectric properties of the thin films have been evaluated by measurements of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in the temperature range 300–500 K. Our aim is to investigate the effect of annealing on behaviour of MoBi₂(Se_0.5Te_0.5)₅ thin films along with photoelectrochemical properties.     

Low-frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric spectroscopy investigations on polypyrrole nanoparticles

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical oxidation method in the presence of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate). The prepared nanoparticles have a diameter of ~28 nm. The low-frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties of these nanoparticles have been studied in the temperature range of 77–350 K. Due to absence of the saturated loss peaks, modulus approach has been used for the further insight on the dielectric properties of prepared nanoparticles. The behaviour of the dielectric modulus suggests the Debye-type behaviour of the prepared nanoparticles, where the measured ac conductivity follows the classical hopping conduction mechanism.     

An Analytical Approach to Thermal and Electrical Transport in a Mesoscopic Conductor

In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analytically obtain the Hartree self-consistent potential instead of computing it by the numerical iterative procedure as usual, which is convenient for us to describe the thermal and electric current flow through a mesoscopic conductor. If we study the electron-electron interaction at the Hartree approximation level, the Hartree potential satisfies the Poisson equation and Schrodinger equation, so when we expand the action function S(x) by Planck constant h, the self-consistent potential and the wavefunction can be solved analytically order by order, and the thermal and electrical conductance can thus be obtained readily. However, we just show the quantum corrections up to the second order.     

表面低配位原子对声子的散射机制

由于纳米结构具有极高的表体比,声子-表面散射机制对声子的热输运性质起到关键作用.提出了表面低配位原子对声子的散射机制,并且结合量子微扰理论与键序理论推导出该机制的散射率.由于散射率正比于材料的表体比,这种散射机制对声子输运的重要性随着纳米结构尺寸的减小而增大.散射率正比于声子频率的4次方,所以这种散射机制对高频声子的作用远远强于对低频声子的作用.基于声子玻尔兹曼输运方程,计算了硅纳米薄膜和硅纳米线的热导率,发现本文模型比传统的声子-边界散射模型更接近实验值.此发现不仅有助于理解声子-表面散射的物理机制,也有助于应用声子表面工程调控纳米结构的热输运性质.