A Theoretical Studies on the Thermolysis Mechanism of α-Aminonitrile

Introduction α-Aminonitrile(or aminoacetonitrile) is a kind of reactive bioorganic molecules, and it may exist in insterstellar clouds. its importance lies in that a-aminonitrile may play a role in the generation of large carbon-nitrogen chain molecules. By means of flash vacuum thermolysis and gas-solid reaction (FVT-GSR) tech-nique, Guillemin, et al., studied the thermolysis of a-aminonitrile, they considered that the elimination of HCN (shown as following) is a key step in many reactions of α-     

HCO+NO2反应势能面的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)和CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)水平上给出了HCO+NO₂反应详细的势能面信息.计算结果表明,该反应采用两种无垒进攻方式,分别得到两种加合物H(O)CNO₂和H(O)CONO.找到7种能量低于反应物且合理的产物及相应的反应路径.通过对热力学和动力学的分析,产物HONO+CO(P2,P3),HNO+CO₂(P1)和H+CO₂+NO(P6)的形成更为有利.计算结果同实验相符,且有助于深入了解HCO自由基的化学行为.     

烷基氟化物热消除反应的理论研究-1

用RHF从头计算法研究了氟代乙烷消除氟化氢反应的取代基效应．对所有构型均采用能量梯度法在3-21G基级水平上进行了优化，过渡态的构型用振动分析确认．计算结果表明，对所讨论的基团-F，-CH_3，－CN，－NH_2，在α位和β位取代，均对过渡态的结构有一定的影响，电荷分布表明，标题反应的过渡态为部分极化的四元环过渡态．－F在α位和β位的取代均使氟代烷1－2消除氟化氢反应的活化位垒升高，且前者的活化位垒高于后者；－CN在α位的取代使反应的活化位垒升高，在β位的取代使反应的活化位垒降低．－CH_3和-NH_2在α位的取代使反应的活化位垒降低，在β位的取代使反应的活化位垒升高，只是-NH_2的效应强于-CH_3．这些结果与由实验结果推测的结论一致表明，本消除反应与其它卤代烷的消除反应有显著的差别．     

(NO)2+复合物阳离子的结构和性质研究

用B3LYP/6-311++G**方法对NO二聚体阳离子(NO)2+进行了研究.几何优化并结合振动分析表明,该复合物存在5种可能的稳定构型.能量最低的是N-N相连的反式异构体,具有C2h对称性.分析了各稳定构型的相对稳定性及成键特征.建立了态态相关并给出异构化过渡态,分析了各构型之间转化的途径.     

Theoretical Studies on the Mechanism of Photocycloaddition Reaction Between 6 Azauracil and Acetone

The mechanism of photocycloaddition reaction between 6-azauracll and acetone was studied by using semiemptrical SCFMO AMI method. It was found that this reaction is not a concerted one. The calculated results are as follows:(1) A T1 state exciplex is on the T1 state energy surface; (2) T exciplex as a reactant will proceed along the energy surface of T1 state to form a diradical intermediate. The energy barrier of this reaction step is 63. 6 kJ/mol; (3) The T1 state diradical intermediate happens to be close in energy to the ground state intermediate with a similar geometry. Such a situation turns out to be very favorable for an intersystem crossing (jump from the T, state to the ground state) ; (4) The final product will be formed from the ground S0 state intermediate via an energy barrier 88. 2 kJ/mol.     

苯胺和乙二醇生成吲哚反应机理的DFT理论研究

利用传统过渡态理论研究了苯胺和乙二醇生成吲哚反应的机理,设计了四种可能的反应通道.优化计算了反应物、产物和每个通道中可能的中间体和过渡态的几何构型,找出并确认了每个反应通道中各基元反应的可能过渡态和活化能.经分析对比给出该反应可能的主反应通道.同时初步探讨了在经过渡态TS1的基元反应中加入催化剂Ag后的反应机理.加入催化剂后,反应的活化能降低.     

NH自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,在HF/6-31 ++ G**水平研究了臭氧与NH三线态活性自由基反应的微观机理,优化得到反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型.用MP2/6-31++G**//HF/6-31 ++ G**方法计算能量,同时进行零点能校正.研究结果表明:NH三线态活性自由基与O3反应首先生成稳定中间体HNO3,然后中裂解生成HNO和O2.     

Theoretical studies on the mechanisms of NCCO + O2 reaction

The mechanisms of the reaction of NCCO with molecular oxygen are investigated at the G3MP2//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) levels for the first time. The calculation results show that two mechanisms are involved, namely, O attack on α atom mechanism and O attack on β atom mechanism, with six products yielded. The most feasible channel is the addition of O₂ to β atom in NCCO radical leading to the energy-rich intermediate IM1, NCC(O)OO, which can isomerize to a four-center-structure IM3, and then undergoes C–C and O–C bond fission to form P1(NCO + CO₂) finally. The barriers are 27.3 and 25.4 kcal/mol, respectively. For other channels involved in the two mechanisms, with less stable initial adducts and higher barrier, they are less conceivable dynamically and thermochemically.     

苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)在UB3LYP/6-311G^**//UB3LYP/6-31G^*水平上研究了水溶液中羟基自由基进攻苯酚的邻位和对位生成邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的反应机理.结果表明,2个反应都存在3个过渡态,3个中间体,并通过振动分析对过渡态进行了确认.电荷密度的拓扑分析发现,邻位反应中羟基自由基的氧原子和苯酚环上的2个氢原子之间形成了氢键,并相应地形成了六元环和五元环结构.经单点能校正后,2个反应的主反应活化能十分接近,说明邻位和对位产物会同时存在,这与实验观测的结果一致.     

扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管生长机理的理论研究

用Gaussian03程序中的AM1方法对扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的生长机理进行了研究. 结果表明, 若碳纳米管生长的碳源是C2自由基, 则有一条反应途径可能是：C2自由基首先与碳纳米管的开口端形成一个中间体, 然后该中间体经过一个过渡状态, 形成产物；从(3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5)到(6, 6), 其生长反应的活化能逐渐降低. 同时 研究发现, 活化能的高低与碳纳米管共轭程度的大小有关, 碳纳米管的共轭程度越大, 活化能越低；在靠近新形成的六元环的两侧, 碳纳米管可能优先继续生长.     

HeNa及HeNa~+光谱的理论研究

利用从头算Molecule-UHF程序计算得到HeNa分子的基态~2∑3s及激发态~2∏3p和HeNa~+的~1∑2p、~3∑3s及~t∑3s态的势能曲线,并在此基础上利用自编的程序计算了态-态间光谱跃迁的Franck-Condon因子.结果说明HeNa分子的基态是不稳定的,激发态2∏3p有一个较浅的势阱,HeNa~+的1∑2p有一个较浅的势阱,而~3∑3s态及~t∑3s态分别存在一个很深的势阱.     

C60(OH)n的快速制备及其机理研究

C60(OH)n在生物、医药、高分子材料等许多方面具有应用前景[1～3],其合成对C60衍生物的水溶液化学研究与合成新的有机化合物具有重要意义.     

过渡金属碳化物(111)面电子结构的理论研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函方法对过渡金属碳化物MC(111)清洁表面构型和电子结构进行系统研究.结果表明,与理想表面相比,表面弛豫导致表层金属原子和次表层碳原子分别朝体相和真空方向位移,从而导致层间距的收缩.由能带计算结果得知,紧邻或被EF穿越的活性表面态成分均为表面金属原子的dxz/dyz轨道.进一步考察了弛豫对表面态组成的影响,并对表面芯能级位移和功函进行了探讨.     

CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 分别在6-31G、6-311G、6-311+G(d)基组水平上研究了CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理. 研究结果表明, CF3O2自由基和NO反应存在三条可行的反应通道, 优化得到了相应的中间体和过渡态. 从活化能看, 通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS2→CF3O+ONO的活化能最低, 仅为70.86 kJ•mol-1, 是主要反应通道, 主要产物是CF3O和NO2. 而通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS3→CF3ONO2和CH3O2+NO→TS4→IM3→TS5→IM4→TS6→CF3O+NOO的活化能较高, 故该反应难以进行.     

Br2+Cl2=2BrCl反应机理的理论和实验研究

用(U)MP2方法, 取6-311G*基组, 研究了反应Br2+Cl2=2BrCl的机理, 求得四中心和三中心的过渡态, 通过比较反应通道的活化能的大小, 得到如下结论: 双分子基元反应的最小活化能小于Cl2和Br2的离解能, 在没有光引发的条件下, 标题反应将以分子与分子作用形式完成; 若有光引发, Br2或Cl2先解离成原子, 再经过Br原子与Cl2反应或Cl原子与Br2反应, 能较快完成标题反应. 分别测定了光照和避光两种条件下的反应体系在412 nm处吸光度的变化, 证实了理论研究的结果.     

Theoretical Studies on the Relationship Between the Structure and Property of Cellulose and Nitrocellulose——Nitration Activity and Mechanism

Many derivatives of industrially useful cellulose have hydroxyls of the anhydroglucose(AHG) units uncompletely substituted. Since each AHG unit of a cellulose molecule is a trihydric alcohol,consisted of one primary(position 6) and two secondary hydroxyl groups(positions 2 and 3), the distribution of substituents in these trihydric alcohol units could be different for different derivatives. The     

乙硼烷离子和自由基异构体重排与体系势能面的能量子化学计算研究

在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)和QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(单点)水平下, 对B2H+5阳离子和B2H*5自由基全优化得到9个几何异构体: B2H+5单态体系(D3h, C1), B2H+5三重态(Cs, Cs, C1), B2H*5自由基(C2v, Cs, Cs, Cs). 得到势能面上与体系异构化过程相联系的5种过渡态.     

OXO(X=Cl,Br)与H(2S)反应机理的量子化学研究

卤素二氧化物自由基(OXO)是重要的同温层物种，在极地的夜间含量尤其丰富，由于其光解产生的卤素原子会造成臭氧的严重损耗，因此愈来愈受到人们的广泛关注嘲．OXO自由基可以通过自由基之间的反应或微波放电等方式获得，有关它与其它大气物种的反应已经进行了许多研究，Bemand等在实验上研究了Cl，H，O与OClO的反应动力学，对于OBrO与H之间的反应目前尚未见实验研究的报道，只有Guhua等在理论上对部分XBrO2(X=H，Cl，Br)同分异构体进行了研究．     

Theoretical investigation on the reaction of N2O and CO catalyzed by Fe(C6H6)

The reaction of N₂O with CO, catalyzed by Fe⁺(C₆H₆) and producing N₂ and CO₂, has been investigated at the UB3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. The computation results revealed that the reaction of Fe⁺(C₆H₆), N₂O and CO, is an O-atom abstraction mechanism. For the reaction channels, the geometries and the vibrational frequencies of all species have been calculated and the frequency modes analysis also have been given to elucidate the reaction mechanism. On the basis for geometry optimizations, the thermodynamic data of these reactions channels have been calculated using the statistical theory at 295.15 K and pressure of 0.35 Torr. Using Eyring transition state theory with Wigner correction, the activation thermodynamic data, rate constant and frequency factors for the these reaction channels also have been given. The results showed that CO and N₂O do not react without catalyst and Fe⁺(C₆H₆) can excellently mediate the reaction of N₂O and CO.     

Theoretical studies on the reactions of acetone with chlorine atom and methyl radical

Theoretical investigations are carried out on the reaction multi-channel CH₃COCH₃ + Cl (R1) and CH₃ COCH₃ + CH₃ (R2) by means of direct dynamics methods. The minimum energy path (MEP) is obtained at the MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) level, and energetic information is further refined at the BMC–CCSD (single-point) level. The rate constants are calculated by the improved canonical variational transition state theory (ICVT) with the small-curvature tunneling (SCT) correction in a wide temperature range 200–3,000 K. The theoretical overall rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data and are found to be k ₁ = 3.08 × 10⁻¹⁷ T ^2.03exp(−32.96/T) and k ₂ = 1.61 × 10⁻²³ T ^3.53 exp(−3969.51/T) cm³molecule⁻¹s⁻¹. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.