早产儿窒息与脐动脉血气分析

早产儿窒息是导致早产儿死亡的重要因素之一。分析了２５０名早产儿和１００名成熟新生儿脐动脉血气，结果发现早产儿和成熟新生儿脐动脉血气值无显著差异，剖宫产的早产儿和阴道分娩的早产儿脐动脉血气值有显著差异。脐动脉血气分析较Ａｐｇａｒ评分对判断早产儿窒息更有价值。     

新生儿硬肿症危险因素分析

为探讨新生儿硬肿症发病的危险因素，以便有效地预防该病，以41例硬肿症新生儿为研究对象，并设疾病对照组，运用多元Logistic回归，对8项可疑因素进行了分析。结果表明，早产，低体重，窒息和感染， 毒最终进入方程（P＞0．05），且OR值均大于1，是硬肿症发病的危险因素。硬肿症是原发病的一个并发症和严重征兆。寒冷不是本地区硬肿症的常见病因。流动人口的新生儿是硬肿症的高危人群。加强围产期母婴保健，普及新法复苏，感染的预防和早期有效干预，早产，低体重儿和重新新生儿热能供给和维持内环境平衡是预防硬肿症的有效措施。     

超声脐动脉S/D联合血清IGF-1和胆汁酸对新生儿窒息的临床诊断价值分析

本文通过观察新生窒息患儿和正常新生儿多普勒超声脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、胆汁酸(TBA)水平差异,探讨脐动脉血流S/D比值联合血清IGF-1和TBA在新生儿窒息中的诊断价值。实验结果表明,脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清IGF-1、TBA在新生儿窒息与正常新生儿、不同窒息程度患儿、伴新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)的患儿中均有显著差异。多重线性回归结果表明脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清TBA、 IGF-1与新生儿窒息评价指标Apgar评分存在密切关系。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果表明脐动脉血流S/D比值、血清IGF-1、TBA诊断新生儿窒息具有较高应用价值,且联合上述指标检测诊断价值更高。     

252例新生儿死因分析

回顾性分析了广东省惠阳市妇幼保健院1983－1987年新生儿死亡率及死亡原因。按围产保健网建立与否分为两个阶段，1983－1990年为未建立围产保健网阶段，1991－1997年为已建立围产保健网阶段，对前后两个阶段新生儿的死亡率及致死原因进行了分析。结果表明，自建立国产保健网以来新生儿死亡率明显下降。致死原因主要与早产、低体重儿、新生儿畸形、新生儿窒息等有关。提示加强围产保健管理，提高产科质量，降低早产及低体重儿发生率，普及围产期保健知识，提高监护技术，提高畸形儿孕期检出率是降低新生儿死亡率的关键。     

超声脐动脉S/D值联合胎心率监测对新生儿窒息的临床诊断分析

文章分析了超声脐动脉收缩期末最大血流速度(S)/舒张期末最大血流速度(D)值联合胎心率监测对新生儿窒息的临床诊断价值.选取发生新生儿窒息的98例产妇作为窒息组,新生儿正常的98例产妇作为未窒息组,比较两组胎心率监测情况和脐动脉血流动力学指标阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、S/D值.分析胎心率监测和S/D值与阿氏评分...     

多巴胺持续头皮静脉输液的局部皮肤变化临床观察及护理

新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病是围产期窒息后严重的脑损伤并发症，是新生儿致残和死亡的主要原因之一。临床上在常规治疗的同时加用多巴胺持续静脉输液，以改善缺血缺氧情况；做好穿刺部位的护理，是顺利执行医嘱，防止发生新的机体损伤，避免增加患儿痛苦的关键。     

新生儿低钙血症有哪些原因

新生儿低钙血症是指血钙低于1．8～2．0mmol／L（70-80mg／L）或游离钙低于0．75mmol／L（30mg／L），是引起新生儿惊厥的常见病因。新生儿容易发生低钙血症是与新生儿的钙代谢特点有关。主要原因有：因分娩、窒息使降钙素增加而使血钙降低；母亲患严重妊高征或糖尿病；早产儿甲状旁腺功能低下、     

护理干预用于新生儿窒息复苏的效果观察

目的探讨对窒息的新生儿采用护理干预的临床复苏效果。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月新生窒息患儿100例,随机分成两组,对照组采用常规护理,研究组采用视听刺激、抚触、运动等系统性护理干预,对两组新生患儿进行适应能力(NACS)评分和阿氏评分(Apgar评分)以及病死率等的数据采用t进行检验方法。结果与对照组相比,研究组NACS评分所得总分与Apgar评分≥8分所占比例均明显更高(P0.05),研究组病死率也显著降低(P0.05)。结论窒息的新生儿临床复苏采用系统性护理干预,可以很好的提高新生患儿的适应能力,降低患儿的病死率,是理想的窒息新生儿临床复苏的护理方法,值得在临床上推广使用。     

产前宫内缺氧并新生儿心肌受损临床研究

目的研究分析产前宫内缺氧并心肌受损新生儿的血清心肌酶水平与心电图动态变化。方法选择广东省英德市妇幼保健院收治产前宫内缺氧窒息的130例患儿为实验组,其中将伴有心肌损伤患儿设为实验1组(n=75),将不伴有心肌损伤的患儿设为实验2组(n=55),同时选择同期出生的60例健康新生儿为对照组,监测分析不同时间段的心电图变化以及心肌酶水平。结果实验1组与对照组比较差异有统计意义(P0.05)。对照组未出现心电图改变,而实验1组与实验2组均出现心电图变化(ST段偏移、心动过速与心动过缓等),其中实验1组1例出现房性期前收缩,2例出现Q-T间期延长;实验2组1例出现房性期前收缩,1例出现Q-T间期延长。结论与健康新生儿比较,产前宫内缺氧并心肌受损新生儿的血清心肌酶水平与心电图异常率显著升高。     

简讯

新生儿低钙血症有哪些原因新生儿低钙血症是指血钙低于1·8~2·0 mmol/L(70~80 mg/L)或游离钙低于0·75 mmol/L(30 mg/L),是引起新生儿惊厥的常见病因。新生儿容易发生低钙血症是与新生儿的钙代谢特点有关。主要原因有:因分娩、窒息使降钙素增加而使血钙降低;母亲患严重妊高征或糖尿病;早产儿甲状旁腺功能低下、肾功能不健全及胎儿期钙储备不足;进食不足或钙、磷比例不当及维生素D缺乏等不利于钙吸收;严重感染时因缺氧出现代谢性酸中毒使血钙下降;治疗过程中过多使用碳酸氢钠等碱性药物或呼吸机换气过度造成呼吸性碱中毒、换血时用枸橼酸…     

糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血14种微量元素的研究

为了解糖尿病母亲及其新生儿全血微量元素的分布情况，采用日本岛津ICPQ－1012型高频等离子体发射光谱仪检测了糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素。以正常产妇及足月新生儿病例为对照组，观察糖尿病母亲及其新生儿的全血14种微量元素的改变。结果糖尿病母亲铜元素高于正常产妇，铬、锰、锌元素低于正常产妇，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素高于正常新生儿，锌、锰、镁、铬元素低于正常新生儿。糖尿病母亲新生儿镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁低于糖尿病母亲。结论：糖尿病母亲血铬、锌、锰元素低于正常，铜元素增高是由于糖尿病疾病所引起，糖尿病母亲新生儿铜元素增高，血镁、钙、锰、锌等低于正常，与糖尿病母亲本身微量元素特点有关。糖尿病母亲新生儿血镁、镍、铜、锌、钙、钼、锶、铁元素低于糖尿病母亲与先天发育不足有关。     

妊娠与五种元素的关系

测定了２６９２例孕妇各孕周分娩期血清，８８４例新生儿脐血清中的铜，锌，铁，钙，镁，并比较了正常与异常妊娠孕妇血清中的五种元素，为防治妊高症，胎膜早破提供理论依据，并探讨了脐血清与母血清微量元素的相关性。     

Analysis of Fluorescent Compounds in Urine by Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

High speed separation of fluorescent compounds was examined. The retention time of 21 compounds was measured in two reversed phase modes and an ion-exchange mode liquid chromatography. Furthermore, urine samples of new-born babies, cancer patients and normal subjects were analyzed by the above systems. Several peaks were positively identified from the retention time, however there were many unknown fluorescent compounds. Among them, two peaks were found on the chromatograms in the reversed phase modes. These compounds were very polar and could not be identified, however the ratio of these peak height was used for classification of urine samples. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine were selectively analyzed on an ion-exchange resin with isocratic eluent after filtration.     

Trace elements in the hair of new-born infants by INAA

Hair has been used as a bioindicator, as a means to measure environmental and occupational contamination, and a a tool for individualization in the forensic field. Because hair is a product of human metabolic activities, its elemental content is of interest in the examination of normal (healthy) metabolism and abnormal (diseased) metabolism. Employing hair analysis, sources of environmental pollution can be identified. Some recent INAA hair measurements were carried out in our laboratory. Hair samples of six new-born infants and their mothers were collected, washed, and analyzed according to standard procedures. By 5-minute irradiation (flux 2.5×10¹¹ n·cm^–2·s^–1) and gamma spectrometric analysis of hair and standard samples, elemental concentrations of Mg, Mn, Cu, Na, V, S, Al, Ca, and the halides were determined. Hair analysis of new-born infants should be of special interest, because it most likely represents endogeneous contribution. Hair assays of mothers and babies may prove to be clear mirrors which reflect observations pertaining to environmental metal mobilization and internal metabolic conditions. This work presents, along with a review of the subject, the results of a case study and identifies areas where further research is needed.     

Chronic mild stress decreases survival, but not proliferation, of new-born cells in adult rat hippocampus

New-born cells continue to proliferate and survive to become mature granule cells in adult rat hippocampus. Although this process, known as neurogenesis, is inhibited by acute stress, it is not clear whether chronic stress affects neurogenesis. To determine whether chronic mild stress (CMS) influences neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CMS and administered bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) before or after CMS to observe the survival/differentiation or proliferation of new-born cells, respectively. In addition, we measured brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the hippocampus, because BDNF is known to play an important role in the survival of new-born cells. CMS significantly decreased the survival of new-born cells in the GCL, but did not influence the proliferation or differentiation of new-born cells. CMS did not affect the proliferation and survival of new-born cells in the hilus. In addition, CMS did not change BDNF mRNA levels in the GCL. These results demonstrate that CMS reduces the survival of new-born cells but not of their proliferation, suggesting that repeated mild stress could influence a part of neurogenesis, but not the whole part of neurogenesis. These results raise the possibility that the survival of new-born cells may be suppressed in the presence of normal BDNF mRNA levels in GCL.     

家庭式产房及母婴同室300例临床分析

收集了自１９９６年１月至１９９８年１２月家庭式产房及母婴同室３００例，与同时期综合性医院在传统封闭隔离环境下分娩的３００例产妇进行对照。平均总产程缩短２ｈ，说明产妇得到亲人陪伴，有安全感，能减轻产程阵痛，促使产程缩短。同时平均泌乳时间提前９ｈ，说明母婴同室，早吸吮，按需哺乳，能促使提早泌乳。     

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of urine from asphyxiated newborn infants

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study human urine obtained from 10 normal babies and twenty babies with various degrees of neonatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). All sick babies showed different degrees of oxygen deficiency, indicated by an obvious increase of the lactate signal level in the urine spectra. Changes in the concentration of other urinary metabolites produced from the citric acid cycle were also observed. In extremely serious cases, the signals of some of the major components, including citrate, α-ketoglutarate, and succinate, simply disappeared. The spectra of urine, serum, and CSF of an infant suffering from SIDS showed common characteristics of the metabolites.     

对754例新生儿疾病筛查结果的总结

新生儿筛查是妇幼保健工作的重要内容。对７５４例新生儿进行疾病筛查,筛查率为６８．４２％,其中无最性病例。     

新生儿与孕妇间发中锌钢关系探讨

将１０４１名新生儿与１０００名孕妇发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ含量进行了统计对比分析，发现新生儿发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ含量分别高于和低于孕妇发中的Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ值．新生儿发Ｚｎ分布曲线与孕妇的显著不同．峰形尖锐，峰值右移．趋近正态分布，而两者的发Ｃｕ分布曲线比较类似。说明在一定范围内，胎儿体内的Ｚｎ含量可能受母体Ｚｎ含量影响不大，Ｃｕ含量关系密切。可能是由于母体向胎儿输送Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的机制及胎儿对两元素的吸收和排泄机能存在差异所致。     

Neutral lipids in the brain of premature and newborn infants

Using already published methods, the authors have determined in eight brains of premature and seven brains of new-born children: dry matter, total lipids, pure lipids, and acid and neutral lipids. The latter have been separated into cerebrosides, sphingomyelines, colamine cephalines, and lecithins.