纳米级Mgo粉体的合成

采用化学沉淀法制备了薄片形氧化镁超微粉末，讨论了原始原料，浓度和温度对产物粒径的影响，通过ＸＲＤ及ＴＥＭ等实验手段对超微粉进行了表征。     

热分解法制备希土氧化物超微粉末

引言超微粉未已被视为九十年代的新材料,它的许多奇特的性质和令人惊异的应用不仅引起人们的重视,并开展了许多研究。但目前对希土金属及其化合物的超微粉未的研究则报道甚少。尽管如此,希土超微粉未已经在磁性材料、超导材料、传感器、超高温耐热合金等方面获得应用,并取得了明显的效果。超微粉末的合成方法其多,但均不成熟、寻求合成希土超微粉末的方法则是一个重要的课题。我们在研究醇盐法制备氢氧化钕、氧化钕超微粉末的同时,采用热分解法制备了一系列希土氧化物超微粉末,观察了它们粒径变化的规律,得到一些新的结果。     

配位-沉淀法制备Ni(OH)2和NiO超微粉

本工作采用配位 -沉淀法成功的制备了薄片形氢氧化镍和氧化镍超微粉末 ,通过 XRD、TG-DTA、IR及 TEM等实验手段对超微粉的组成结构进行分析表征。     

醇盐法制备氢氧化钕,氧化钕超微粉末

本文用醇盐法合成了氢氧化钕、氧化钕超微粉末,粒径为0.01～0.05μm。氢氧化钕超微粉末为六方结构;氧化钕超微粉末为立方结构。热分析结果表明,氢氧化钕超微粉末较非超微的氢氧化钕粉末有较快的失重速度。     

F—T合成超微粒子碳化铁催化剂制备的研究

超微粒子催化剂以其表面积大、反应活性高、选择性好、使用寿命长等优点而引起人们的重视.本文以F-T合成催化活性物种为a-Fe、Fe_xC_y等催化剂的机理为依据,用激光热解法制备了非晶态Fe/C超微粉,经有机溶剂洗涤及高温处理获得碳化铁催化剂.XRD、TEM及电子衍射测试结果表明,其粒度大都在1～4nm之间,为多晶态的a-Fe、Fe_3C及Fe_2C.初步探索了利用激光选择热解法制备超微粒子催化剂的方法和规律.     

醇盐法制备稀土化合物超微粉末

稀土元素具有广泛的用途,在大多数的应用中其效果都与原料的纯度、粒度、粒经分布范围等因素有关。由于超微粉末的比表面积大、化学活性高,因此可以预料,若将稀土化合物制成超微粉末,会使它的催化性能及在各种材料中的性能有明显的改变,也可使稀土有新的、更高的应用价值。     

共沉淀法制备铝酸镧超微粉末的研究

用尿素-氨水在热水溶液中调pH共沉淀制备铝酸镧超微粉末。研究了氨水浓度、尿素浓度和尿素-氨水滴加速度对超微粉末颗粒的影响和焙烧温度对超微粉末颗粒微观变化的作用。在选定的条件下,制备成粒径为0.1～0.7μm、比表面93～112m~2/g的铝酸镧超微粉末。     

甲硅烷的多光子电离

本文测量了SiH_4的(3+1)电离光谱。在激光波长428—458nm基本上是一个连续谱,在激光紫外区347—392nm,得到两个振动前进带组,并标识了一个位于363.5nm的谱带精细结构。用飞行时间质谱仪检测了碎片离子,没有观察到母体离子SiH_4~+,主要的产物离子是SiH_2~+和SiH_3~+,SiH_2~+和SiH_3~+离子产率的比值近似等于相同能量下的单光子电离结果,但Si~+的产率明显增加。在384—390nm范围的Si~+离子的光谱中比其它离子的光谱多出一些谱带,其增加的Si~+可能来自SiH_2~+和SiH~+离子的离解过程。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了平均粒径为20～150nm的Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末。从凝胶至超微粉末的过程中,发生了较大的失重现象。纯相晶态的Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末的最低生成温度为900℃。粉末平均粒径随着灼烧时间的增加而逐渐增大,随着灼烧温度的增加而显著增大。     

沉淀转化法制备不同形状的氢氧化镍及氧化镍超微粉末的研究

本工作采用沉淀转化法制备了不同形状的氢氧化镍及氧化镍超微粉末，详细的研究了转化温度、沉淀转化剂及阻聚剂的浓度等实验参数对超微粉末组成和结构的影响。     

Multiphoton Ionization of Monosilane

The (3 + 1) photon ionization spectra of SiH_4 have been measured. A basically continuous spectrum was recorded in laser wavelengths from 428 to 458 nm.Two vibrational progressions were found in the UV laser region of 347-392 nm, anda fine structure of the band at 363.5 nm was assigned.The fragment ions were detected by a time-offlight mass spectrometer. No parent ion SiH_4~+ was observed whereas SiH_2~+ and SiH_3~+ were the major products. The ratio of SiH_2~+/SiH_3~+ was approximately equal to that of single photon ionization at the same energy, but the fraction of Si~+ was increased. Some additional bands appeared in Si~+ spectrum in the range of 384-390 nm implicating that the increased Si~+ might be generated from SiH_2~+ and SiH~+ ions.     

Laser chemical synthesis of clusters and ultrafine particles using organometallics

Gas-phase synthesis of clusters and ultrafine particles using lasers and organometallics is reviewed. The general field of laser chemistry is introduced in the context of using organometallics as reactants. Examples of particle and cluster synthesis in flowing gases and in bulk gases, and during laser chemical vapor deposition, are given. A brief introduction to the general field of random irreversible fractal coagulation provides a basis for describing how powders, clusters and ultrafine particles are synthesized. References to applications and characterization methods are given.     

制备参数对ZrO2气凝胶超细粉织构和结构性质的影响 Ⅰ.水凝胶pH值

用超临界流体干燥（ＳＣＦＤ）法制备出大孔高比表面ＺｒＯ２气凝胶超细粉，详细考察了初始水凝胶ｐＨ值对ＺｒＯ２超细粉形貌、晶相组成、颗粒大小与分布、比表面积及孔结构等织构和结构性质的影响。在实验范围内，当水凝胶ｐＨ值为１０．３０时，所制得的ＺｒＯ２超细粉具有最大的比表面积和孔体积，最小的表观堆密度和平均粒径，颗粒分布均匀狭窄，颗粒间连接成三维网络构状态，较好地保持了凝胶原始织构。     

Synthesis of ultrafine refractory oxides zirconia-hafnia-yttria by sol-gel technology

A transparent gel was prepared using a hydrolytically active solution of zirconium, hafnium, and yttrium alkoxoacetylacetonates. This gel served to synthesize ultrafine zirconia-hafnia-yttria complex oxide. The product dispersity was studied as affected by the parameters of xerogel heat treatment. The thermal behavior of the xerogel was studied by DSC-TGA. Elemental analysis (laser mass spectrometry) and phase analysis of the synthesized materials were carried out. Average crystallite sizes were calculated by the Scherrer relationship. The particle morphology was studied by TEM. Specific surface areas were determined. Sintering of ultrafine oxide powders was studied at 1000, 1200, and 1400°C.     

Raman spectroscopy of aminated and ultrafine 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene and PBX 9502 as a function of pressing pressure

The Raman spectra of emulsion aminated, wet aminated, dry aminated, and ultrafine 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and PBX 9502 explosive powders are measured in a pellet die at pressures from ambient to 180 MPa with a 632.8 nm helium-neon laser. Raman peak frequencies and line widths are calculated from accurately calibrated spectra. The spectral region below 400 cm(-1), where the pressure shifts of the Raman peaks are larger, is emphasized. The most salient effect of pressing is an approximate permanent doubling of the line width of the ambient 56.9 cm(-1) peak for all TATB types. This peak is also much wider in the ultrafine TATB powder than in the other TATB powders, which indicates that the process of creating the ultrafine powder also creates changes in the TATB crystals. The peaks in the spectra of the aminated TATBs and PBX 9502 are very similar, but differences in the fluorescence backgrounds correlate with the expected crystalline purity differences from the different amination processes. The peak frequencies versus pressure for several of the more intense low-frequency peaks can be fit well to linear functions between 40 and 180 MPa. The pressure slopes of the emulsion aminated peaks are consistently larger than the slopes of the other powders. Grüneisen parameters calculated from peaks below 100 cm(-1) are scattered, which is probably caused by the anisotropy of TATB crystals and different types of intermolecular bonds.     

Upconversion Luminescence of SrTiO3:Er3+ Ultrafine Powders Produced by 785 nm Laser

Er3+ doped SrTiO3 ultrafine powders were prepared by solid state reaction in a molten NaCl flux. The structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Stokes emission spectra of Er3+ in SrTiO3:Er3+ ranging from green to near infrared region were investigated under 514.5 nm laser excitation. The green and redupconverted luminescence spectra of Er3+ were measured under excitation into the 4I9=2 level by 785 nm laser. The upconversion mechanisms were studied in detail through laser power dependence and Er3+ ion concentration dependence of upconverted emissions, and results show that excited state absorption and energy transfer process are the possible mechanisms for the upconversion. The upconversion properties indicate that SrTiO3:Er3+ may be used in upconversion phosphors.     

SDS-PVP水溶液中超细镍粉的制备

在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)混合水溶液中, 采用水合肼还原氯化镍制备超细镍粉. SEM结果表明, 该超细镍粉为球形, 表面呈现针状叠合的特殊形貌. XRD结果表明,该超细镍粉由平均粒径约为10 nm的面心立方结构(fcc)的原生纳米镍晶粒组成, 且主要沿(111)晶面生长. TEM清晰观察到原生纳米镍晶粒在PVP的空间桥联作用下自组装成超细镍粉的中间过程. SDS-PVP的组成对超细镍粉的粒径和表面形貌有显著影响, 在一定浓度范围内, 随着SDS或PVP浓度增大, 原生纳米镍晶粒和超细镍粉的平均粒径均呈减小趋势, 表明通过改变SDS-PVP组成可以调控超细镍粉的粒径和形貌.     

超细煤粉吸附苯胺机理研究

采用筛分和高能球磨得到不同粒度煤粉,进行吸附试验研究。结果表明，粒度较大的四种煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合Lagergren一级吸附速率方程，较小的三种超细煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程。并求出了一级、二级吸附速率常数和有效扩散系数，表明煤粉吸附苯胺的过程由颗粒内扩散控制；煤粉对苯胺的吸附量随煤粉粒径的减小呈指数关系增加。平均粒径d50为9.30μm、4.28μm、和4.82μm煤粉对苯胺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，单层饱和吸附容量为109.05×10－3、246.31×10－3和90.91×10－3。超细煤粉对苯胺的吸附性能量明显好于其他煤粉。     

超细氮碳化物中吸附氧和化合氧的测定

用跟踪式程序升温、红外检测和微机解卷技术，测定氮碳化物超细粉的吸附氧和化合氧，探讨了超细Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，ＡＩＮ，ＴｉＣＮ和ＳｉＣ中不同状态氧量与其制备方法，颗粒度及放置时间的关系。     

Structural and functional diagnostics of ultrafine components in condensed high-energy systems

The study deals with octogen (HMX) and aluminum, which are among the most widely used components of condensed high-energy systems. The structure, thermal behavior and combustion parameters were determined for the octogen-based monofuels and octogen-aluminum binary systems at different dispersity of components. Irrespective of differences in thermal behavior, monofuels obtained with standard and ultrafine octogen powders were shown to have virtually identical combustion parameters. In the binary systems, replacement of standard microsized aluminum by ultrafine one increases the combustion rate by a factor of 2.5, and completeness of the metal reaction (oxidation) by a factor of 4.