Cytotoxic activity of two polyaspartamide‐ based monoamineplatinum(II) conjugates against the HeLa cancer cell line

In this screening study in vitro, two polymer‐conjugated, square‐planar platinum(II) complexes bound to the carrier via a single primary amine ligand were tested for antineoplastic activity against the HeLa human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell line. In the first of these conjugates, 1‐Pt , the spacer connecting the metal complex with the carrier backbone is a short oligo(ethylene oxide) segment, whereas a long poly(ethylene oxide) chain represents the spacer unit in the second conjugate, 2‐Pt . IC₅₀ data, expressed as conjugate concentration at 50% cell growth inhibition, are 48 µg Pt ml⁻¹ for 1‐Pt and 120 µg Pt ml⁻¹ (estimated) for 2‐Pt , the long tether in the latter conjugate presumably causing retarded enzymic release and lysosomal membrane crossing of the monomeric complex. The IC₅₀ value of 1‐Pt is close to that (44 µg Pt ml⁻¹) of a similar conjugate of an earlier investigation, 3‐Pt , in which the metal is chelated by two carrier‐attached, cis‐oriented amino groups in conformance with the ligand arrangement in cisplatin. It thus appears that, in the carrier‐bound state, both monoamine‐ and cis‐diamine‐coordinated platinum(II) complexes of suitable structures may well show similar biological performance patterns. Copyright­© 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

N‐(Substituted benzyl)‐3,5‐bis(benzylidene)‐4‐piperidones: Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐leukemia Activity (I)

A series of novel N‐(substituted benzyl)‐3,5‐bis(benzylidene)‐4‐piperidones 5a – 5o were synthesized with substituted benzylamines as raw materials via a series of Michael addition, Dieckmann condensation, hydrolysis decarboxylation and aldol condensation. The structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, MS techniques and elemental analysis. Assay‐based antiproliferative activity study using leukemic cell lines K562 revealed that most of the title compounds have high effectiveness in inhibiting leukemia K562 cells proliferation, among which the compounds 5g (IC₅₀=7.81 µg·mL⁻¹), 5k (IC₅₀=6.35 µg·mL⁻¹), 5l (IC₅₀=7.20 µg·mL⁻¹), and 5o (IC₅₀=5.79 µg·mL⁻¹) have better inhibition activities than standard 5‐fluorouracil (IC₅₀=8.56 µg·mL⁻¹).     

Water Soluble Antioxidant Dextran–Quercetin Conjugate with Potential Anticancer Properties

Quercetin, a naturally occurring potent antioxidant, is limited in therapeutic use, owing to its poor water solubility and stability. Herein, a method of conjugating quercetin to an aldehyde functionalized dextran via an HCl catalyzed condensation reaction to yield a water soluble quercetin functionalized polymer is reported. The prepared conjugate is characterized by ¹H and ¹H‐¹³C heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR, which demonstrate that conjugation occurs via both the A‐ and B‐rings of quercetin. The degree of quercetin functionalization can be tuned by varying the reaction temperature and/or the concentration of the HCl catalyst. However, as temperatures and HCl concentrations are increased above 40 °C and 2 m , respectively, the increase in functionalization is accompanied by an increase in the oxidation of the conjugated quercetin and a decrease in polymer yield. The prepared conjugate is shown to have improved stability compared with native quercetin while maintaining substantial free‐radical scavenging activity. Anticancer activity is evaluated in vitro in a neuroblastoma cell line. The dextran–aldehyde–quercetin conjugate prepared at 40 °C and 2 m HCl is shown to be cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y–IC₅₀ = 123 µg mL⁻¹ and BE(2)‐C–IC₅₀ = 380 µg mL⁻¹) but shows no activity against nonmalignant MRC‐5 cells at concentrations up to 400 µg mL⁻¹.     

The cholesterol pathway of Trypanosoma congolense could be a target for triphenyltinsalicylate and triphenylsiliconsalicylate inhibition

The organometallic compounds triphenyltinsalicylate (TPTS) and triphenylsiliconsalicylate (TPSS) were found to be trypanocidal against culture forms of Trypanosoma congolense. Both compounds at 0.4–5 µmol ml^?1 completely killed the parasites in vitro within 3‐8 min after incubation. A dosage of 1.5 µmol ml^?1 TPTS killed at least 50% of the parasite population, which was preceded by a cluster effect as observed under phase contrast microscopy. Also, 3.5 µg ml^?1 of TPSS was required to kill 50% of the T. congolense cells. At a low dosage of 2–10 µg ml^?1, it was feasible to monitor the effect and mode of action of the organometallic compounds. There was a 50% reduction in the amount of synthesized cholesterols in the presence of 6 µg ml^?1 and 10 µg ml^?1 of TPTS and TPSS respectively. TPTS and TPSS also non‐competitively inhibited pyrophosphatase from lysed T. congolense with K_i values of 3.6 µM and 8.5 µM respectively. In the in vivo experiments, TPTS cured T. congolense infected mice at a dosage of 2–10 mg kg day^?1 for 4 days. TPSS was, however, completely inactive in vivo. The use of organometallic compounds in the design of trypanocides is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,spectral investigation and development of tetrahedral copper(II) complexes as artificial metallonucleases and antimalarial agents

Seven new copper(II) complexes of type [Cu(A)(L)]?H₂O (A = sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin; L = 5‐[(3‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]‐4‐hydroxy‐1,3‐thiazole‐2(3H)‐thione) were synthesized and characterized using elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and electronic, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infrared and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopies. Tetrahedral geometry around copper is assigned in all complexes using EPR and electronic spectral analyses. All complexes were investigated for their interaction with herring sperm DNA utilizing absorption titration (K_b = 1.27–3.13 × 10⁵ M^?1) and hydrodynamic volume measurement studies. The studies suggest the classical intercalative mode of DNA binding. The cleavage reaction on pUC19 DNA was monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that the Cu(II) complexes can more effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA. The superoxide dismutase mimic activity of the complexes was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium assay, and the complexes catalysed the dismutation of superoxide at pH = 7.8 with IC₅₀ values in the range 0.597–0.900 μM. The complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria. All the complexes are good cytotoxic agents and show LC₅₀ values ranging from 5.559 to 11.912 µg ml^?1. All newly synthesized Cu(II) complexes were also evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain (IC₅₀ = 0.62–2.0 µg ml^?1). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Anticancer Activities of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐d]dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones

A new series of tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐d]dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones ( 3a–3x ) were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis, and the conformation of compound 3j was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Preliminary bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds presented good antiproliferative activities against leukemic K562 cells, ovarian cancer HO‐8910 cells and liver cancer SMMC‐7721 cells in vitro. Among them the compounds 3i and 3m afford the best activity, the IC₅₀ of them were 3.22 and 3.65 µg/mL against leukemic K562 cells, respectively, which were lower than the anticancer drug of clinical practice 5‐FU (IC₅₀=8.56 µg/mL). Preliminary mechanism of action studies revealed that compound 3i caused DNA fragmentation and activated caspase‐3/7 in leukemic K562 cells.     

Cysteine enhances clastogenic activity of dimethylarsinic acid

The effects of cysteine on dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)‐induced cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberration were studied using Chinese hamster V79 cells. The IC 50 of DMA, i.e. the concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in cell population of viable cells, was 130 µg ml^?1 (0.94 mM ), whereas that in the presence of 50 µg ml^?1 (0.28 mM ) cysteine was 20 µg ml^?1 (0.14 mM ). The mitotic index with co‐administration of 50 µg ml^?1 (0.36 mM ) DMA and 50 µg ml^?1 cysteine was 1.4 times that with 50 µg ml^?1 DMA alone. Whereas 82% of cells divided twice with 25 µg ml^?1 (0.18 mM ) DMA alone, most cells divided only once with co‐administration of 25 µg ml^?1 DMA and 50 µg ml^?1 cysteine. These results indicated that the increase in mitotic index by cysteine was due to enhancement of mitotic arrest by DMA. With co‐administration of 25 µg ml^?1 DMA and 50 µg ml^?1 cysteine, tetraploidy was 14.3% higher and fivefold by that with 25 µg ml^?1 DMA only. Cysteine at 50 µg ml^?1 enhanced induction of chromosomal aberrant cells by DMA. 100 µg ml^?1 (0.72 mM ) DMA induced 91% chromosomal aberrant cells in the presence of cysteine, and 12% in the absence of cysteine. Chromatid breaks and chromatid gaps were the most frequent types of aberration induced by co‐administration of DMA and cysteine or DMA alone. Co‐administration of DMA and cysteine produced many attenuated chromosomal figures. The attenuated chromosomal figures always had several chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks. Our findings may provide clues to arsenic carcinogenesis in humans. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

4-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy­phenyl)­amino]-6,7-di­methoxyquinazolin-1-ium chloride methanol solvate and 4-­[(3-hydroxy­phenyl)­amino]-6,7-di­methoxy-1-quinazolinium chloride

The title compounds, C₁₆H₁₅BrN₃O₃⁺·Cl⁻·CH₄O (WHI–P154) and C₁₆H₁₆N₃O₃⁺·Cl⁻ (WHI–P180), are potent inhibitors [WHI–P154 with IC₅₀ = 5.6 µM and WHI–P180 with IC₅₀ = 4.0 µM for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibition] of the EGFR tyrosine kinase as well as Janus Kinase 3. The molecular structures of these compounds are very similar except for the dihedral angle between the anilino and quinazoline moieties which is 1.10 (5)° for WHI–P154, and 45.66 (6) and 25.29 (7)° for the two mol­ecules of WHI–P180 in the asymmetric unit. The nitro­gen at the N3 position is protonated in both structures and participates in hydrogen bonding with the chlorine anions.     

Synthesis and in vitro anti-proliferative capabilities of steroidal thiazole and indole derivatives

Derivatives (1–15) of steroidal and indole class were synthesized using different strategies. These compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and EI-MS, respectively. The synthetic derivatives were examined for their cytotoxic effects on human adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphometric analysis. The cytotoxic effects of all the compounds were observed after 48 h treatment and it was found that out of fifteen, four compounds 1, 2, 3, and 14 showed inhibitory action on the cancer cells. We have calculated the IC₅₀ values for compounds 1, 2, 3, and 14 which were 22.50 µg/mL, 55.65 µg/mL, 21.35 µg/mL and 58.50 µg/mL, respectively. The compounds 3 (IC₅₀ = 21.35 µg/mL) and 1 (IC₅₀ = 22.50 µg/mL) showed highest inhibitory activities as compared to compounds 2 (IC₅₀ = 55.65 µg/mL) and 14 (IC₅₀ = 58.50 µg/mL). These results suggested that steroidal thiazole and indole derivatives are potent lead molecules having strong anti-cancer proliferative capabilities.     

Synthetic and antimicrobial studies on new gold(I) complexes of imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes

Six new 1,3‐diorganylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene (NHC) gold(I) complexes of the type [Au(NHC)₂]⁺ (1–6), were synthesized by reacting [AuCl(PPh)₃] with 1,3‐dimesitylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene or bis(1,3‐dialkylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene). The complexes 1–6 were fully characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The placement of mesityl or para‐substituted benzyl groups on the nitrogen atoms of the ring of the complexes leads to the particularly active antibacterial agents evaluated in this work. It is worth noting that the p‐methoxybenzyl derivative (2) inhibited the growth of Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3.12 µg ml^?1, 6.25 µg ml^?1, 3.12 µg ml^?1 and 3.12 µg ml^?1 respectively. In contrast, the analogous p‐dimethylaminobenzyl derivative (3) is effective only against Escherichia coli (MIC = 3.12 µg ml^?1). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and application of a UHPLC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 17 steroidal hormones in equine serum

A new, fast and simple analytical method that is able to identify and quantify simultaneously 17 steroid hormones and metabolites (pregnenolone, 17‐OH‐pregnenolone, progesterone, 17‐OH‐progesterone, androsterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, 11‐deoxycortisol, 11‐deoxycorticosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol) has been developed in equine serum using the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique. A total of 400 µl of sample was deproteinized with 1000 µl of acetonitrile, evaporated, restored with 50 µl of a solution of 25% methanol and injected in ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry triple quadrupole. The recovery percentage obtained by spiking the matrix at two different concentrations with a standard mixture of steroid hormones was in all cases higher than 85.60% and with the percentage of coefficient of variation lower than 8.37%. The range of the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves of the analyzed compounds was 0.9922–0.9986, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.002–2 and 0.0055–5.5 ng ml⁻¹, respectively. The detected limit of quantification for testosterone (i.e. 50 pg ml⁻¹) is twofold lower with respect to its threshold admitted in geldings plasma (100 pg ml⁻¹ free testosterone). The high sensitivity and the quantitative aspect of the method permitted to detect most of the steroids in equine serum. Once validated, the method was used to quantify 17 steroid hormones in mare, stallion and gelding serum samples. The main steroids detected were corticosterone (range 37.25–51.26 ng ml⁻¹) and cortisol (range 32.57–52.24 ng ml⁻¹), followed by 17‐OH‐pregnenolone, dihydrotestosterone and pregnenolone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Syntheses,Structures, and Bioactivities Evaluation of some Transition Metal Complexes with 4,4'-Diacetylcurcumin

Stoichiometric reactions of 4,4'-diacetylcurcumin ( HL ) with series of transition metal ions, namely Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, in methanol result in the corresponding homoleptic metal complexes. All the obtained complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, magnetic moment and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses are unprecedentedly performed for the Fe^III, Co^II, and Ni^II complexes and reveal octahedral mononuclear complexes with the compositions [Fe(L)₃] and [M(L)₂(MeOH)₂] (M = Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺) for trivalent and divalent metal ions, respectively. In all complexes, the deprotonated ligands serve as monoanionic and bidentate ligands with (O,O)-chelating β-diketonate moieties. The free ligand HL exhibits considerable antiproliferative effects for the human MCF-7 breast and HepG2 liver cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 20.91 ± 2.16 μg · mL^–1 and 12.85 ± 1.85 μg · mL^–1, respectively. The Co^II and Zn^II complexes with IC₅₀ values in the range of 14.53–20.80 μg · mL^–1 for MCF-7 breast and 8.48–10.68 μg · mL^–1 for HepG2 liver cancer cells show stronger antiproliferative effects than HL, the Fe^III and Ni^II complexes cause weaker reductions of the growth of the two tested cancer cell lines.     

LfcinB-Derived Peptides: Specific and punctual change of an amino acid in monomeric and dimeric sequences increase selective cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell lines

We observed how a change of specific residues in LfcinB dimeric and palindromic sequences caused a notable increase in the cytotoxic activity against CaCo-2 cells while maintaining or even diminishing the level of the cytotoxic effect against normal fibroblast and HEK-293 cells. In both cases, the IC₅₀ of the peptides was reduced by more than half of the concentration, diminishing the IC₅₀ value from 150 µg/mL (101 µM) (LfcinB (21–25)_Pal: RWQWRWQWR) to 60 µg/mL (42.8 µM) for the modified palindromic peptide ⁵[A] LfcinB (21–25)_Pal: RWQWAWQWR and the IC₅₀ from 125 µg/mL (LfcinB (20–30)₂: (RRWQWRMKKLG)₂-K-Ahx to 58 µg/mL (18 µM) for the modified dimeric peptide ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂: (RRWQWRFKKLG)₂-K-Ahx. The cytotoxic effect of ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂ and LfcinB (21–25)_Pal peptides against colon cancer cell line HCT-116 was greater than the cytotoxic effect of these peptides against Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the cytotoxic effect of these peptides is selective for colon cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of the peptides rapidly caused severe damage to the morphology of CaCo-2 cells, while the morphology of the normal fibroblast and HEK-293 cells was not affected. The dimeric modified peptide ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂ mainly caused death through apoptotic events. As for the palindromic modified peptide ⁵[A] LfcinB (21–25)_Pal, the cell death was induced by both necrotic and apoptotic pathways. All this suggests that specific modification of a single residue in the peptide sequence can improve the anticancer activity of the original monomeric or dimeric peptides, giving place to new potential molecules for the future development of drugs for use against colorectal carcinoma. Our results show that changes to a residue of the anti-cancer peptide sequence may be considered a versatile, feasible, and invaluable strategy for obtaining promising sequences for developing peptide-based cancer treatments.     

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Some Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives

A series of compounds 5‐amino‐2‐ethylmercapto‐4‐phenyl‐6‐subistitutedthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines ( 8a–d ), 4‐chloro‐7‐ethylmercapto‐9‐phenylpyrimido[5′,4′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]triazine ( 9 ), and 2‐ethylmercapto‐8‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐7‐(4‐chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine ( 10 ) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR , ¹³C NMR, and MS . All compounds were evaluated for their IC₅₀ values against three cancer cell lines (MCF ‐7, HUH ‐7 and BHK ) and WISH cells. The IC₅₀ of compound ( 8d ) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC₅₀ for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 µg/mL) than those found for the tumor cell lines BHK (17 µg/mL), HUH ‐7 (5.8 µg/mL), and MCF ‐7 (8.3 µg/mL). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH ) and tumor (BHK , HUH ‐7, and MCF ‐7) cells by compound ( 8d ) was investigated using MTT assay, and the IC₅₀ was calculated after 48 h of treatment for each cell line.     

Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity from the wood-decaying fungus Xylaria sp. SWUF08-37

Abstract

A new cyclic pentapeptide, pentaminolarin (1), and a new cytochalasin, xylochalasin (2), along with thirteen known compounds (3–15) were isolated from the wood-decaying fungus Xylaria sp. SWUF08-37. The absolute configurations of 1 were determined by a combination of Marfey’s method and TDDFT ECD calculation and the absolute configurations of 2 were established by TDDFT ECD calculation. Compound 12 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa (IC₅₀?=?19.60?µg/mL), HT29 (IC₅₀?=?17.31?µg/mL), HCT116 (IC₅₀?=?14.28?µg/mL), MCF-7 (IC₅₀?=?15.38?µg/mL), and Vero (IC₅₀?=?24.97?µg/mL) cell lines by MTT assay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed slight cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines.     

Synthesis and structure elucidation of five new conjugates of oleanolic acid derivatives and chalcones using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Five new conjugates of oleanolic acid derivatives and chalcones have been designed and synthesized. The structure elucidation of these conjugates was accomplished by using extensive 1D (¹H, ¹³C) and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies (COSY, HSQC and HMBC); and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity is reported for these conjugates. Compound 2b (IC₅₀ = 47.5 µm ) displayed much stronger activity than oleanolic acid and acarbose. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phenolic composition,antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth., Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray,and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel.) Benth

Medicinal plants from Chad grow under special climatic conditions in between the equatorial forest of Central Africa and the desert of North Africa and are understudied. Three medicinal plants from Chad (T. diversifolia, P. Biglobosa and C. Febrifuga) were evaluated for their phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. The total phenolic composition varied from 203.19 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g DW in the ethyl acetate extract of P. biglobosa, to 56.41 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g DW in the methanol extract of C. febrifuga while the total flavonoid content varied from 51.85 ± 0.91 mg QE/g DW in the methanol extract of P. biglobosa to 08.56 ± 0.25 mg QE/g DW in the methanol extract of C. febrifuga. HPLC-DAD revealed that rutin, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were the most abundant phenolics in T. diversifolia, P. Biglobosa and C. Febrifuga respectively. The antioxidant activity assayed by five different methods revealed very good activity especially in the DPPH^?, ABTS^?+ and CUPRAC assays where the extracts were more active than the standard compounds used. Good inhibition was exhibited against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with methanol (IC₅₀: 15.63 ± 0.72 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC₅₀: 16.20 ± 0.67 µg/mL) extracts of P. biglobosa, and methanol (IC₅₀: 21.53 ± 0.65 µg/mL) and ethyl acetate (IC₅₀: 30.81 ± 0.48 µg/mL) extracts of T. diversifolia showing higher inhibition than galantamine (IC₅₀: 42.20 ± 0.44 µg/mL) against BChE. Equally, good inhibition was shown on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the α-glucosidase, the ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ = 12.47 ± 0.61 µg/mL) and methanol extracts (IC₅₀ = 16.51 ± 0.18 µg/mL) of P. biglobosa showed higher activity compared to the standard acarbose (IC₅₀ = 17.35 ± 0.71 µg/mL) and on α-amylase, the ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ = 13.50 ± 0.90 µg/mL) and methanol (IC₅₀ = 18.12 ± 0.33 µg/mL) extracts of P. biglobosa showed higher activity compared to acarbose (IC₅₀ = 23.84 ± 0.25 µg/mL). The results indicate that these plants are good sources of antioxidant phenolics and can be used to manage oxidative stress linked illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes.     

Interactions with herring sperm DNA and biological studies of sparfloxacin drug‐based copper(II) compounds

Copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(SPF)(Lⁿ)Cl] (where SPF is sparfloxacin and Lⁿ = substituted terpyridines) were synthesized and found to have a distorted octahedral geometry. Superoxide dismutase‐like activity of the complexes was measured using a nitroblue tetrazolium/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/phenazine methosulfate system and expressed in terms of the concentration of complex which terminates the formation of formazan by 50% (IC₅₀ value), which was found to range from 0.572 to 1.522 µm . Interactions of the complexes with herring sperm DNA were studied by absorption titration, viscosity measurement and gel electrophoresis under physiological conditions. The antimicrobial efficiency of the complexes was tested against five different microorganisms and showed good biological activity. All the complexes showed good cytotoxic activity, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 4.01 to 9.64 µg ml^?1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Poly(amidoamine) Conjugates Containing Doxorubicin Bound via an Acid‐Sensitive Linker

Poly(amidoamine)s with amino pendant groups were prepared by hydrogen‐transfer polyaddition of primary and secondary amines to bis‐acrylamines. Dansyl cadaverine (DC) doxorubicin (Dox) were bound to the polymers via a cis‐aconityl spacer to give conjugates containing 3 µg of DC per mg of polymer and 28 to 35 µg of Dox per mg of polymer. Release of DC and Dox at physiological and acidic pH varied from 0 to 35% over 48 h and was pH dependent. Although the ISA1Dox conjugate (IC₅₀ = 6 µg Dox · mL^?1) presented similar toxicity as the parent polymer without Dox, ISA23Dox showed increased toxicity (IC₅₀ = 10 µg Dox · mL^?1). These results suggest that ISA23Dox is able to release biologically active Dox in vitro and that this conjugate might be suitable for further development.

     

In vitro antiproliferative activity of glabridin derivatives and their in silico target identification

Abstract

Novel Mannich base derivatives of glabridin were synthesized and their antiproliferative activity were performed along with our previously reported glabridin-chalcone hybrids molecules (GCHMs) against various human cell lines MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma), HEK-293 (embryonic kidney cell line), K562 (leukemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and WRL-68 (hepatic carcinoma). The result showed that the glabridin significantly reduced cell proliferation with IC₅₀ ranges from 3.67 to 58.30?µM against all the tested cell lines. The remarkable reduction in antiproliferative activity 2’,4’-dimethoxyglabridin and GCHMs compounds with phenolic OH groups protected by methoxy (OCH₃) groups suggested that the free OH groups are essential factor for the antiproliferative activity of glabridin and its derivatives. The Mannich base derivatives of glabridin showed moderate activity IC₅₀ (2.20–>95.78?µM). Furthermore, in silico target identification analysis revealed that AKT1, DECR1 and NOS1 are the potential targets for glabridin and their derivatives.