Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermopsis alterniflora</Emphasis> bean seeds and shells

The lipid groups and fatty-acid composition of Thermopsis alterniflora (Leguminosae) bean seeds and shells were established. It was shown that shell lipids have a greater content of unsaponified substances, galactolipids, and esterfied unsaturated 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 acids (75% total) than seed lipids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 438–440, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> tubers

Free and bound lipids from Helianthus tuberosus tubers were investigated. Neutral, glyco-and phospholipid classes and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The composition of unsaponified substances was established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–4, January–February, 2008.     

Chemical investigation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callisia fragrans</Emphasis>

Lipids of leaves, runners, and stems of Callisia fragrans were investigated. Classes of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The contents of ascorbic acid and organic acids and chlorophyll and carotinoid pigments in various plant organs were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 212–213, May–June, 2007.     

Synthesis from geraniol of (2<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,6<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,10<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,14<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-16-hydroxygeranylgeraniol and some of its derivatives

Several α,ω-bifunctional derivatives of E,E,E-geranylgeraniol were prepared via convergent synthesis starting with geraniol (8), which was converted in three steps into the tetrahydropyranyl ether of 8-chlorogeraniol (9) and 8-hydroxygeranylphenylsulfone (10). Combination of synthons 9 and 10 with subsequent reductive removal of the phenylsulfonyl group produced the tetrahydropyranyl ether of ω-hydroxygeranylgeraniol (5), hydrolysis of which gave exclusively trans-ω-hydroxygeranylgeraniol (1). Derivatives 5–7 of geranylgeraniol were synthesized using standard methods. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 231–234, May–June, 2007.     

Fungicidal lipid-transfer peptide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Daucus carota sativa</Emphasis> seeds

A non-specific lipid-transfer peptide (nsLTP) with fungicidal activity was isolated from Daucus carota sativa carrot seeds. Peptides were purified by a method including aqueous extraction, anion-exchange chromatography over CM-TSK-650M, and HPLC over a column of 250/8/4 Protein@Peptide C₁₈ using an acetonitrile gradient. The molecular weight of the peptide was determined as 9624 Da by mass spectrometry. The peptide was found to have fungicidal activity against the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. The partial N-terminal sequence, which was highly homologous to the N-terminal sequences of lipid-transfer peptides from seeds of rice, tobacco, and maize, was determined using Edman automated sequencing. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 371–373, July–August, 2007.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmannii</Emphasis> Leaves and Tubers

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–116, March–April, 2005.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oenothera</Emphasis> seeds from different habitats. 1

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from seeds of Oenothera biennis growing in the RF near Kazan’ was determined. The content of γ-linolenic acid in all groups of acyl-containing lipids in the oil to be 4.4%. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 430–433, September–October, 2007.     

Lipids from the sand dollar <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scaphechinus mirabilis</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids and their fatty acids in tissues of scalp, gonads, and internal organs of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was determined using one-and two-dimensional TLC and GC-MS. Lipids of S. mirabilis scalp consisting of several neutral and phospholipids were characterized for the first time. A significant quantity of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) was found in scalp lipids. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 320–323, July–August, 2007.     

Structural analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis> multiple emulsions by means of DSC

Summary The properties of the inner and the external aqueous phases, were studied in w/o/w multiple emulsions with light microscopic image analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The importance of multiple emulsions lies in the presence of these aqueous phases, making them available for sustained, controlled drug delivery systems. Differentiation of these two aqueous phases, studying the effect of manufacturing technology on droplet structure, quantitative determination of phase volumes and any changes occurring during storage are essential when planning w/o/w emulsions. The present study uses microscopic observations combined with DSC measurements in order to identify the formed structure, at developmental stage in case of different components, preparation methods, and stirring rates. These tools are beneficial during manufacturing as in process controls, or to ensure product quality.     

Synthesis of 4<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,7<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>-tridecadien-1-ylacetate,a component of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phthorimaea opercucella</Emphasis> sex pheromone

A new synthetic approach to 4E,7Z-tridecadien-1-ylacetate, a component of the Phthorimaea opercucella (Zeller) potato moth sex pheromone, was developed using a highly stereoselective Claisen rearrangement and Wittig reaction. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 235–236, May–June, 2007.     

Synthesis of isomeric 2-oxazolidinones from (1<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>,2<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-and (1<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,2<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediols

A synthesis is reported for (4R,5R)-and (4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)oxazolidin-2-ones and (1′R,4R)-and (1′S,4S)-4-[hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]oxazolidin-2-ones from (1R,2R)-and (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediols. The effect of the experimental conditions on the formation of these compounds was studied. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1562–1570, October, 2007.