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作为四大基本相互作用之一,强相互作用的研究可以追溯到19世纪末元素天然放射性的发现。在随后将近一个世纪里,经过众多科学家的不懈努力,强相互作用的面纱逐渐被揭开。文章将简要介绍与强相互作用相关的诺贝尔奖,并以此为载体梳理我们在探索世界的进程中对强相互作用的认知过程。 相似文献
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一、夸克的色荷 夸克和反夸克具有质量、电荷、弱荷和强荷(色荷),可以参与引力作用、电磁作用、弱作用和强作用四种基本相互作用。格润伯格和盖尔曼分别于1964年和1972年提出:夸克、反夸克具有发生强相互作用的内禀属性,其表征量度是一种称为强荷或色荷的量子数。目前确认夸克共有六种,即u、d、s、c、b、t,它们各有对应的反夸克,夸克的种类被形象地比拟为味道。每一味夸克按其在强相互作用中的状态,可以区分为三种不同的态,称为颜色三重态。每一种态具有一种色荷,每味夸克分别具有三种色荷,形象地比拟为颜色中的三基色——红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B),每味反夸克也分别具有三种反色荷,形象地比拟为三基色的补色:青蓝(反红色)、洋红(反绿色)、淡黄(反蓝色), 夸克和反夸克的每种“颜色态”,都对应两种色量子数,即颜色同位旋I_c和颜色超荷Y_c。 相似文献
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人们自然会问,物质聚集起来,从微观粒子到巨大的星体,从细菌到人,这些自然界奥妙无穷,千变万化的物理现象都是怎样发生的?原理上,可以用“相互作用”这个概念来回答。20世纪物理学的重大成就之一是人们已经认识到物质世界千变万化的现象,归根到底是通过4种相互作用即万有引力、电磁力、强相互作用和弱相互作用而产生的。万有引力是自然界中存在于任何两个物质之间的吸引力,它的规律由牛顿发现,称为引力定律。 相似文献
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本文提出了迭代的组态相互作用方法(IMRCI). IMRCI被用来计算H2O和CH2(单重态和三重态)在平衡态和远离平衡时的电子能量. IMRCI、MP2、MP3、MP4、CCSD和CCSD(T)还用来计算H2O、CH2(单重态和双重态)和N2的势能曲线. 这些计算结果表明IMRCI的结果不依赖初始的多参考态组态函数,并能较快地收敛到完全组态相互作用的计算结果. 相比完全组态相互作用的结果,仅需2至4次迭代,IMRCI的误差就能达到10-5 hartree数量级. 另外,IMRCI还提供了寻找势能面上主要电子组态的一个有效途径. 这将有助于单参考态和多参考态理论模型得到准确的计算结果. 相似文献
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二静电体系相互作用力的特点 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:5
二静电体系的相互作用能与相互作用力是一个重要问题,各种教材对此却无系统论述,因而常常困扰不少学生,本文试图对此作较系统的讨论,并列举了若干例子. 相似文献
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Takashi T. Inamura 《Hyperfine Interactions》2000,127(1-4):31-34
Hantaro Nagaoka is a Japanese physicist who made an experimental pioneer work on optical spectroscopy for nuclear structure
studies in 1920s. Today much attention should be paid to this work rather than to his famous atomic model that died away long
time ago along with Thomson's model.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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采用Lanczos数值计算方法研究了具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用和Kaplan-She khtman-Entin-Wohlman-Aharony(KSEA)相互作用的一维spin-Peierls(s-P)系统的基态 行为.计算结果发现KSEA相互作用总是不利于系统二聚化,并且它还影响DM相互作用对系统 二聚化的贡献,甚至可以抵消其作用;在某些特定条件下, KSEA和DM的共同作用可以破坏系 统的二聚化基态而转化为均匀基态.
关键词:
DM相互作用
KSEA相互作用
二聚化 相似文献
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The influences of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya (DM) interaction and Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entinwohlman-Aharony (KSEA) interaction on the dimerization of a spin-Peierls system are investigated theoretically by using the Lanczos numerical method. The ground state of the spin-Peierls system is still dimerized phase when both of the DM and the KSEA interactions have the same value with Heisenberg interaction. It is found that the KSEA interaction and uniform DM interaction are always against systemic dimerization, but the staggered DM interaction acts in favour of dimerization. Furthermore, the influences of the DM and the KSEA interactions are also studied in terms of the ground state index rate and the energy gap index rate of the dimerized Heisenberg system. The results show that the DM interaction makes the index rates larger, while the KSEA interaction makes them smaller. 相似文献
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两道巴蒂金电动力学题的启示 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
由巴蒂金两道与电象有关的相互作用能与相互作用力的习题的巧妙解答,证明关于电象情形与真实情形的相互作用力桢,而相互作用能不一定是半值关系的结论是正确的,并解释了是否为半值关系的深刻物理内涵。 相似文献
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在随机相互作用系综内,镉同位素11/2-同质异能态的电四极矩与磁偶极矩总是倾向于随中子数的增加呈线性演化,这与近年来的实验观测是一致的。除了对力对磁矩线性演化的决定性影响之外,特定形式的质子-中子相互作用被认为是这种线性演化的主要驱动力:电矩的线性演化要求质子中子之间的四极相互作用;磁矩则要求质子中子之间的短程相互作用,并且这种相互作用应具有与真实核相互作用一致的相对强度与正负性。In random-interaction ensembles, the electric quadrupole moments (Q) and magnetic moments (μ) of the Iπ=11/2- isomers of the Cd isotopes predominantly present linear correlation with neutron numbers, corresponding to the recently emphasized linear Q and μ systematics in realistic nuclear system. Although the seniority scheme enhances such predominance (more essentially for μ), the configuration mixing due to quadrupolelike and δ-force-like proton-neutron interactions is responsible for the linear Q and μ systematics, respectively, at least in random-interaction ensembles. Especially, the linear μ systematics further requires the proton-neutron interaction have similar relative strength and attractive-repulsive property to realistic nuclear interaction. 相似文献
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We present a detailed investigation of the Casimir interaction between the superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO) and silicon dioxide with bromobenzene present in between. We found that the dispersion force is repulsive and the magnitude of the force can be changed by varying the thickness of the object and the temperature. The repulsive force would provide a method to deal with stiction problems and provide much significant from the practical point of view. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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The Berry phase in a composite system induced by the time-dependent interaction is discussed. We choose two coupled spin-1/2 systems as the composite system: one of the subsystems is subjected to a static magnetic field, and the coupling parameters between two spins are controllable in time. We show that the time-dependent interaction can induce the Berry phase in a similar way as that a spin-1/2 system (qubit) is driven by an effective time-dependent magnetic field. Furthermore, using two consecutive cycles with opposite directions of both the static magnetic field as well as opposite signs of the coupling parameters, a nontrivial two-qubit unitary transformation purely based on Berry phases can be constructed. 相似文献