铂类抗肿瘤配合物的研究进展

铂类药物是当前一类主要的抗肿瘤药物。本文结合我们的研究工作综述了2000年以来文献报道的新型抗肿瘤铂类配合物的研究进展。按铂原子的价态、配体基团的结构特征、配位原子及中心原子的个数将其分为：含有生物活性基团的铂(Ⅱ)配合物；具有空间位阻的铂(Ⅱ)配合物；以P和S原子作为配位原子的铂(II)配合物；多核铂(Ⅱ)配合物；其他含有小分子配体的铂(Ⅱ)配合物和四价铂类配合物六类，并进行了总结。     

符合经典构效关系的抗肿瘤铂类药物

综述了自顺铂、卡铂后符合经典构效关系的铂类抗肿瘤药物的发展概况，按载体配基和离去基团的结构特征进行了分类，总结了各类配合物的构效关系和临床进展，其中重点对手性二胺配体的铂(Ⅱ)配合物进行了介绍。并讨论了顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂的作用机理。     

稀世之宝—铂*

铂是一种化学性质极其稳定的贵金属,铂、铂合金以及铂配合物在催化剂、医药、传感器等领域具有重要应用。简要介绍铂的发现史、自然分布与资源现状、铂的应用等3个方面,其中铂的应用,重点从铂基催化剂、铂合金纳米材料、发光铂配合物、铂类抗癌药物等4个方面展开介绍。     

抗肿瘤多核铂配合物的研究

多核铂配合物作为非经典铂抗肿瘤药物,其抗肿瘤机制与现有铂类抗肿瘤药物不同,因而在克服现有铂类抗肿瘤药物耐药性方面有着巨大的潜力。本文综述了多核铂类抗肿瘤药物的研究进展,以连接铂原子的桥配体结构的不同,可分为六大类:以烷基二胺及其衍生物为桥的多核铂配合物、以含氮杂环为桥的多核铂配合物、以羧酸根为桥的多核铂配合物、以卤素离子为桥的多核铂配合物、以含硫配体为桥的多核铂配合物及以其他配体为桥的多核铂配合物。本文还介绍了这几类多核铂配合物的抗肿瘤机理及在克服顺铂耐药性机理方面的研究进展。     

非经典铂类抗肿瘤药物研究

本文综述了非经典铂类抗肿瘤药物的发展概况,介绍了具有口服活性的铂(Ⅳ)配合物,具有空间位阻的铂(Ⅱ)配合物,反式铂(Ⅱ、Ⅳ)配合物,多核铂(Ⅱ)配合物和含有铂-硫键的铂(Ⅱ)配合物,并总结了这几类新型铂配合物的抗肿瘤机理,克服顺铂的耐药性机理及其临床进展。     

铂（Ⅱ）类抗肿瘤药物

自顺铂临床用于抗肿瘤药物以来,在铂配合物中寻找新的药物已成为研究的热点,现在已有顺铂、卡铂和奥沙利铂在广泛应用于临床。根据经典的构效关系,上千个新的铂类化合物被设计与合成出来。我们综述了铂（Ⅱ）类抗肿瘤药物近五年的研究状况,介绍了包括含有生物活性基团的铂（Ⅱ）配合物,具有空间位阻的铂（Ⅱ）配合物,反式铂（Ⅱ）配合物,含S、P配位原子铂（Ⅱ）配合物和多核铂（Ⅱ）配合物,总结了这些化合物的抗肿瘤机理、活性。     

混胺二元羧酸根合铂(Ⅱ)混配配合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

顺铂和卡铂是目前治疗多种癌症的重要药物,但顺铂的肾毒性和肠胃反应,卡铂的有效剂量大等缺点限制了它们在临床上的广泛应用。混胺铂类配合物是一类甚具发展潜力的抗癌活性化合物 [1～ 5],其中有关离去基团为氯离子的混胺类铂配合物的抗癌活性报道颇多,但离去基团为二元羧酸根的混胺铂类配合物由于合成上的困难,而报道甚少,可是它们在化学结构上却兼顾了顺铂及卡铂的优点,故对此类配合物的研究具有重要的意义。我们在制备中用直接加入二元羧酸和碳酸银的方法,成功地合成了三个新的混胺二元羧酸根合铂 ?配合物,并对其进行某些生物活…     

水溶性的半胱氨酸-β-环糊精铂配合物的合成及生物活性研究

利用半胱氨酸修饰的β-环糊精与K2PtCl4反应得到了水溶性的铂配合物(Pt(L-Cys-β-CD)Cl_2).通过质谱、元素分析和核磁等手段对合成的铂配合物进行表征.利用MTT法对该铂配合物的抗肿瘤活性进行研究.主要选择K562,HepG2和7701三种细胞对这种铂配合物的细胞毒性进行研究,结果表明该铂配合物具有较高的细胞抑制率.其在K562细胞中的IC50值为(89.5±2.6)μmol/L.更有意义的是,这种铂配合物对正常细胞7701的细胞毒性要明显低于另外两种癌细胞.因此,该类铂配合物有望作为潜在的抗肿瘤药物.     

N—取代亚胺二乙酸合铂配合物的合成,表征和反应

1969年,Rosenberg等报道顺式二氯二氨合铂(顺铂)具有抗癌作用,但它有很强的毒副作用和较差的水溶性.1986年,英国正式生产第二代铂抗癌药即碳铂.Khokhar等曾合成一系列N-烷基亚胺二乙酸环己二胺合铂配合物,体外和体内实验均表现出较高的活性和低毒性.其配体以二羧基与铂配位,为八元环结构.显然这不是热力学优势产物.本文合成了一系列二胺铂配合物,结果表明配体以N、O方式与铂配位,具有五元螯合环结构.顺铂与DNA发生交联(主要是与鸟嘌呤N7配位)而抑制癌细胞生长.不同类似物之间的活性差异较大,这可能与它们和DNA作用的动力学有关.我们以鸟苷作模型化合物,用HPLC方法研究了配合物与其作用的动力学,并与顺铂、碳铂进行比较.     

聚苯乙烯负载硒醚铂配位硅氢化催化剂

聚苯乙烯负载硒醚铂配位硅氢化催化剂孟令芝柯爱青陈远荫＊（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）关键词聚苯乙烯，负载硒醚，铂配位，硅氢加成催化剂，铂配合物１９９６－０４－１８收稿，１９９６－１０－１８修回硒醚铂配合物早有报道［１］．刘秀芳等发现和研究了１０－...     

Dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complex as a potential drug for metastatic bone tumor

Bisphosphonates have high affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA), which is abundantly present in bone. Also, platinum complexes are known that have a wide spectrum of antitumor activities. The conjugate of bisphosphonate and a platinum complex might have HA affinity and antitumor activity, and become a drug for metastatic bone tumor. In this study, the authors synthesized platinum complexes that had dialkyl bisphosphonic acid as a ligand, and evaluated the possibility of the synthesized complexes as a drug for metastatic bone tumor. The synthesized dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complex was characterized, and its stability in an aqueous solution was also confirmed. The synthesized platinum complex showed higher HA affinity than other platinum complexes such as cisplatin and carboplatin in an experiment of adsorption to HA. In vitro, the platinum complex showed tumor growth inhibitory effect stronger than or equal to cisplatin, which is the most commonly used antitumor agent. Moreover, the platinum complex showed a bone absorption inhibitory effect on the osteoclast. These results suggest potential of dialkyl bisphosphonate platinum(II) complexes as a drug for metastatic bone tumor.     

非经典铂类抗癌配合物的进展近况

介绍了非经典铂类抗癌配合物的发展概况,并按中心离子价态、配体及配合物结构特征对其进行分类,讨论其构效关系,对新的铂类抗癌药物的研制具有一定的指导意义     

Factor analysis of in vitro antitumor activities of platinum complexes

Factor analysis was applied to the data matrix of in vitro growth inhibitory activities of 52 platinum complexes against 9 tumor cell lines, L1210, P388, Lewis lung, AH66, AH66F, HeLa S3, KB, HT-1197 and HT-1376 cell lines. Three factors were obtained by the principal factor analysis method. After the varimax rotation of these three factors, tumor cell lines were classified into four groups according to their factor loadings. The platinum complexes were characterized by the factor scores. Cisplatin was situated in an extreme position as compared with the other platinum complexes. In vivo antitumor activities of the platinum complexes were tested against L1210 and LL murine tumor models. The in vivo activity against L1210 showed a negative correlation with that against LL. Factor 2 scores of the complexes obtained by factor analysis of in vitro antitumor activities showed a good correlation with these in vivo antitumor activities. Then, the structure-factor 2 score relationships among platinum complexes were analyzed by the Free-Wilson method. From this analysis, structure-activity relationships for carrier ligands and leaving groups are proposed. Factor analysis is suggested to be a useful method to establish an efficient screening system for platinum complexes.     

Synthesis of platinum complexes of 2-aminomethylpyrrolidine derivatives for use as carrier ligands and their antitumor activities

In order to study a new antitumor platinum complex, various platinum complexes were prepared from 2-amino-methylpyrrolidine derivatives synthesized to serve as carrier ligands and tested for their antitumor activity against Colon 26 carcinoma (s.c.-i.p. system) and P388 leukemia (i.p.-i.p. system) in mice. 2-Aminomethylpyrrolidine proved to be the most effective carrier ligand in its amine derivatives. The structure-activity relationships of the carrier ligands in the platinum complexes with dichloro, oxalato, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato and dichlorodihydroxo as leaving group were clearly shown on the Colon 26 carcinoma screen and were as follows: the antitumor activity of the platinum complexes with any leaving groups was considerably decreased by the substitution of hydrogen by alkyl group (Me, Et) on nitrogen of aminomethyl and the effects of 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato Pt(II) complexes completely disappeared with the same substitution on nitrogen of pyrrolidine. In all the tested platinum complexes 2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platin um(II) (15) exhibited the most potent antitumor activity. 15 was superior to 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylatodiammineplatinum(II) (CBDCA) and similar to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) on the Colon 26 carcinoma screen but it was inferior to CBDCA and CDDP on the P388 leukemia screen. Furthermore, 15 showed more potent antitumor activity than CBDCA against Colon 38 carcinoma (s.c.-i.p. system).     

Formation of Glyco-Functionalized Platinum Complexes by Cross-Metathesis and Evaluation of Their Efficacy in Inhibition of Lung Tumor Cell Lines

Syntheses of carbohydrate-functionalized platinum complexes resembling presently employed cytostatics were performed. Mono-allylated sugar substrates obtained in two steps from glucose and galactose were connected with 2-allyl diethyl malonate by cross-metathesis. Following hydrogenation and acidic cleavage of the ester and alkylidene functionalities gave dicarboxylated glycoconjugates, which were transformed into their diammine platinum complexes. The antitumor activities of these platinum complexes were checked by sensitivity testing with 11 lung cancer cell lines. The novel glucose-platinum complex proved to be comparable to the drug carboplatin.     

New Cisplatin Analogues—On the Way to Better Antitumor Agents

The clinical success of cisplatin (cis -diamminedichloroplatinum(II )) in antitumor chemotherapy has encouraged an all-out search for analogues with lower toxicity, improved therapeutic index and increased activity. Literally thousands of analogues, obtained by replacement of the ammine- and chloro-ligands by other amines and anionic ligands, respectively, have been systematically screened for activity in experimental tumor models. Some of these analogues have been selected for clinical evaluation, but only very few of them appear to be promising antitumor agents. More recently, cisplatin analogues have been designed and synthesized on the basis of, inter alia, the following considerations: 1) platinum complexes with carrier molecules as ligands should prove useful for achieving increasing drug concentration in tumor tissues; 2) platinum complexes with chemotherapeutic agents as ligands could afford polyfunctional drugs with synergistic action; 3) complexes containing more than one platinum atom might be more effective than complexes containing only one platinum atom; 4) platinum complexes could be used as sensitizers in radiation therapy. In this paper, we shall give a brief account of the “traditional” analogues, and then critically discuss what we believe could be the new trends in the design of cisplatin analogues.     

Studies on the Oral Anticancer Drug JM-216: Synthesis and Characterization of Isomers and Related Complexes

The complex cis,trans,cis-[PtCl(2)(OAc)(2)NH(3)(c-C(6)H(11)NH(2))] (JM-216) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as an antitumor agent. In support of characterization and analysis of this complex a study of its isomers and other complexes [PtCl(m)()(OAc)((4)(-)(m)()())NH(3)(c-C(6)H(11)NH(2))] (m = 0-4) has been undertaken. The complexes have been obtained by a variety of synthetic routes which now extend the scope for the preparation of platinum(IV) antitumor complexes. As platinum(IV) complexes are very stable to substitution in the absence of catalysis, use has been made of both light and base catalysis to promote substitution. Oxidative addition to platinum(II) using hypervalent iodine reagents has also been used. The stereochemistry of the complexes has been confirmed by spectroscopic studies, primarily NMR including natural abundance (15)N NMR spectroscopy.