加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定党参中69种农药残留量

采用加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定党参中69种农药残留量。样品以乙腈为溶剂经加速溶剂提取,提取液用Carb/NH2固相萃取小柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用VF-5MS柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。69种农药在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.03~21.2μg·kg-1之间。在20,100,200μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在63.8%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%~13%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中10种吡唑和吡咯类农药的残留量

建立了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法用于测定茶叶中10种吡唑和吡咯类农药残留。ASE萃取压力为1.03×107 Pa,萃取温度为100 ℃,萃取时间为5 min,萃取溶剂为乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1:1, v/v)。萃取循环1次,萃取液浓缩后用Envi-Carb/PSA固相萃取小柱净化,乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1:1, v/v)洗脱。洗脱液浓缩后,用正己烷定容,供GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。方法的准确度和精密度均符合残留分析要求。方法的定量限(LOQ)分别为唑螨酯0.003 mg/kg、氟虫腈硫化物0.001 mg/kg、氟虫腈0.002 mg/kg、氟虫腈砜化物0.005 mg/kg、溴虫腈0.002 mg/kg、氟硅唑0.006 mg/kg、野燕枯0.001 mg/kg、吡草醚0.001 mg/kg、吡螨胺0.0003 mg/kg、唑虫酰胺0.005 mg/kg。方法的灵敏度能满足各国有关农药的残留限量要求。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药（联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯）残留量的方法。样品以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（1+1）混合液为萃取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,经Florisil固相萃取小柱净化后,用丙酮-正己烷（1+9）混合液淋洗,洗脱液于45℃水浴氮吹近干后用正己烷定容至1 mL,通过TR-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择反应监测模式进行质谱测定。7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的检出限（3S/N）在0.20～2.1μg·kg^-1之间。以空白罗非鱼样品为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在57.9%～107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）均小于12.0%。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定种植土壤中7种常见除草剂的残留量

采集表层往下约20 cm种植土壤样品,除杂、自然风干、研磨后过孔径0.18 mm筛。分取样品10 g,和弗罗里硅土10 g、硅藻土5 g混合,以体积比1∶1的乙酸乙酯-丙酮混合溶液作萃取溶剂,于90℃进行加速溶剂萃取。收集全部萃取液,于70℃水浴氮吹至约2 mL,过活化好的弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱,用10 mL体积比1∶1的丙酮-正己烷混合溶液洗脱。收集全部洗脱液,于70℃水浴氮吹至近干,用丙酮稀释至1.0 mL,过0.22μm滤膜,滤液进入气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪,在DB-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱上进行程序升温分离,以电子轰击离子源电离,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量分析苯磺隆、环草敌、烯禾啶、禾草灭、伏草隆、精吡氟禾草灵、丁氟消草等7种常见除草剂。结果显示,7种除草剂的质量浓度在0.02～5.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3s)为0.008～0.017μg·kg^-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为87.3%～102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。方法用于水稻、小麦、玉米、苹果和葡萄种植土壤样品的...     

快速气相色谱法测定蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留量

采用一种较快速，简单的方法测定蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留物。样本中农残经乙酸酯萃取，凝胶渗透色谱及固相提取净化后，用气相色谱－电子捕获检测器测定，色谱柱为ＨＰ－５小口长石英毛细管柱。本法对６种常用菊酯类农药的回收率范围为８９．６％－９９．７％，检测限为０．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。对同一批普施用菊酯类农药的白菜样本进行化验，本法跟美国食物及药品管理局农药残留标准测定方法所得结果非常吻合。     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱测定土壤中的乙草胺

提出一种准确、高效测定土壤中乙草胺的分析方法。优化方法后,土壤样品经过预处理,加速溶剂萃取(ASE),固相萃取柱(SPE)净化,样液经气相色谱串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)测定,用空白样品基质液配标,浓度在0.005~0.2μg/mL范围内,线性相关系数达0.9998。对空白土壤样品进行0.5,5,20μg/kg 3个水平加标(n=6),平均回收率为89.3%~102.1%,RSD范围为2.9%~4.1%。此方法可用于实际样品测定。     

加速溶剂萃取-凝胶渗透色谱法净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中常见的7种农药残留量

建立了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定土壤中的7种农药(五氯硝基苯、多效唑、腐霉利、甲霜灵、醚菊酯、啶虫脒和咪鲜胺)残留量的分析方法.随机采集种植土壤样品,于35℃烘干压碎后过2 mm孔径筛;称取过筛后的土壤样品10 g于加速溶剂萃取池中,以体积比为1:...     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定贝类中64种农药残留

建立了加速溶剂同步萃取净化-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定贝类中64种农药残留的方法。加速溶剂萃取的萃取溶剂为90%(v/v)乙腈水溶液,萃取温度为85℃、冲洗体积60%萃取池体积、循环次数1次,同时使用0.8 g N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和0.8 g石墨化炭黑(GCB)在线净化,提取液浓缩定容后,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,外标法定量。结果表明,64种农药在10.0～1 000μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,决定系数(r²)均大于0.989,方法的定量限为2.0～10.0μg/kg;对文蛤空白基质进行加标回收试验,添加水平为5.0、10.0和100μg/kg以及定量限水平,得到的平均回收率为69.4%～129.7%,精密度为0.7%～16.0%(n=6)。该方法提取和净化同步完成,操作简单,重复性好,灵敏度高,能够满足于贝类水产品中多种农药残留的同时筛查。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱测定土壤中有机磷农药

提出了气相色谱法测定土壤中8种有机磷农药含量的方法。样品以水为分散剂、丙酮-二氯甲烷（1+4）混合溶剂为萃取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪在60℃静态萃取5 min。采用DB17色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定有机磷农药。8种有机磷农药的检出限（3S/N）在3.0～7.2μg·L^-1之间。以土壤样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在73.3%～110%之间,相对标准偏差（n=7）在5.9%～15%之间。     

Determination of pharmaceuticals in biosolids using accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

An analytical method was developed to quantitatively determine pharmaceuticals in biosolid (treated sewage sludge) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The collected biosolid samples were initially freeze dried, and grounded to obtain relatively homogenized powders. Pharmaceuticals were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) under the optimized conditions. The optimal operation parameters, including extraction solvent, temperature, pressure, extraction time and cycles, were identified to be acetonitrile/water mixture (v/v 7:3) as extraction solvent with 3 extraction cycles (15 min for each cycle) at 100 °C and 100 bars. The extracts were cleaned up using solid-phase extraction followed by determination by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. For the 15 target pharmaceuticals commonly found in the environment, the overall method recoveries ranged from 49% to 68% for tetracyclines, 64% to 95% for sulfonamides, and 77% to 88% for other pharmaceuticals (i.e. acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, erythromycin, lincomycin and tylosin). The developed method was successfully validated and applied to the biosolid samples collected from WWTPs located in six cities in Michigan. Among the 15 target pharmaceuticals, 14 pharmaceuticals were detected in the collected biosolid samples. The average concentrations ranged from 2.6 μg/kg for lincomycin to 743.6 μg/kg for oxytetracycline. These results indicated that pharmaceuticals could survive wastewater treatment processes, and accumulate in sewage sludge and biosolids. Subsequent land application of the contaminated biosolids could lead to the dissemination of pharmaceuticals in soil and water environment, which poses potential threats to at-risk populations in the receiving ecosystems.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法测定土壤中的多环芳烃

建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的方法。土壤样品经正己烷-丙酮提取,经无水Na₂SO₄脱水、氮吹浓缩后,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱/质谱检测,内标法定量。结果表明:该方法在质量浓度0.4～10μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.9962,检出限为4.8～25μg/kg,定量限为19.2～100μg/kg;在0.05,0.15,0.40 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为55.4%～129.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～11%。采用该方法检测土壤样品,除苊烯、苊、芴3种多环芳烃未检出外,其他13种多环芳烃均有检出,其含量范围在6.6～86μg/kg。     

Determination of four major saponins in the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge using accelerated solvent extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry

A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and positive ion electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) analysis has been developed for the characterization and quantification of four major saponins in extracts of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge (Semen Aesculi). The saponins escin Ia, escin Ib, isoescin Ia and isoescin Ib were extracted from seeds of A. chinesis Bunge via ASE, and the operational parameters of ASE were optimized, such as extraction solvent, extraction temperature, static extraction time and extraction cycles. The optimized procedure employed 70% MeOH as extraction solvent, 120 °C of extraction temperature, 7 min of static extraction time, 60% flush volume and the extraction recoveries of the four compounds were nearly to 100% for two cycles. The HPLC conditions are as follows: SinoChrom ODS BP C₁₈ (4.6 mm × 200 mm, 5 μm) column, acetonitrile and 0.10% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, flow rate is 1.0 mL min⁻¹, detection length of UV is 203 nm, injection volume is 10 μL. The results indicated that the developed HPLC method is simple, sensitive and reliable for the determination of four major saponins in seeds of A. chinesis Bunge with a good linearity (r² > 0.9994), precision (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) <1.5%) and the recovery ranges of 95.2-97.3%. The limits of detection (LOD) of the four compounds were in the range of 0.40-0.75 μg mL⁻¹. This assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for Semen Aesculi and other related medicinal plants.     

Determination of aminoglycoside residues by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in a variety of matrices

A quantitative LC–MS/MS method was developed for the determination of 13 commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotics in meat (pork muscle, fish, and veal livers and kidneys). The proposed method is sufficiently sensitive and highly selective. Unlike other previously reported methods, it uses a simple clean-up procedure based on a strong cation-exchange solid-phase cartridge that permits high sample extract loading volumes. A unique elution regime based on a volatile buffer at intermediately high pH value in combination with an organic solvent provides quantitative elution of the various aminoglycosides. This methodology ensured that neither a breakthrough of weakly retained aminoglycosides (e.g. spectinomycin) nor the incomplete elution of strongly retained analytes (e.g. neo- and gentamycin) is observed. The single-step clean-up is fast and produces clean extracts that minimize matrix-related signal suppression in the electrospray interface.     

Determination of multi‐class antibiotic residues in compost by microwave‐enhanced accelerated solvent extraction and ultra performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

This work reports the development and application of a multi‐class compound analysis method for the determination of 20 antibiotic residues in compost. Samples were processed by microwave‐enhanced accelerated solvent extraction at 120°C for 7.5 min. Salting‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid extraction was used to remove water and water‐soluble impurities from the extract before ultra performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. By using the supercritical fluid (carbon dioxide) and organic solvent (methanol) as the mobile phase, the 20 antibiotics and the internal standard were well separated in 8.2 min without obvious matrix effect. Method validation was performed and good trueness (relative error in the range of ±5.0%) and precision (inter‐ and intraday relative standard deviations < 10.8%) were obtained. Method detection and quantitation limits were 0.8–1.9 and 2.7–7.1 ng/g, respectively. Recoveries were assessed at three concentration levels (10, 60, and 400 ng/g) and acceptable mean values (70.4–111.9%) were found. This method has also been used to analyze real samples, and the average concentrations of antibiotics (excepting the concentrations < method quantitation limits) were determined up to 123.6 ng/g. The results showed the method could be helpful for the analysis of multi‐class antibiotics in environmental samples.     

Determination of ochratoxin A in wine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after combined anion-exchange/reversed-phase clean-up

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. It has been found and analysed in several foods and feeds. Owing to its toxicity and occurrence in food and feed, the European Community has issued directives and some countries have their own regulations for OTA contents in food, feed and beverages. This work describes a method for the determination of OTA in mulled and red wine. It is based on combined anion exchange/reversed-phase clean-up and was analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (multiple reaction monitoring). The method was validated with natural contaminated and spiked wine samples with OTA contents from 1.34 to 3.48 g kg^–1. Owing to its accuracy, good reproducibility and repeatability, this easy method is a good alternative to liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection methods.     

Enhanced signal generation for use in the analysis of synthetic pyrethroids using chemical ionization tandem quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry

Synthetic pyrethroids fragment extensively under electron ionization (EI) conditions to give low mass ions, most of them with the same m/z ratios. This fragmentation is primarily due to the labile ester linkage found in these compounds. In this research we established the best gas chromatography (GC) conditions in the EI mode that served as a benchmark in the development of a chemical ionization (CI) protocol for ten selected synthetic pyrethroids. Based on proton affinity data, several reagent gases were evaluated in the positive CI ionization mode. Methanol was found to produce higher average ion counts relative to the other gases evaluated, which led to the development of an optimized method consisting of selective ejection chemical ionization (SECI) and MS/MS. Standard stainless steel ion trap electrodes produced significant degradation of chromatographic performance on late eluting compounds, which was attributed to electrode surface chemistry. A dramatic improvement in signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios was observed when the chromatographically inert Silcosteel® coated electrodes were used. The resulting method, that has significant S/N ratio improvements resulting from a combination of septum programmable injections (SPI), optimized CI and inert Silcosteel®-coated electrodes, was used to determine instrument detection limits.     

Determination of priority pesticides in baby foods by gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

A gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the determination of twelve priority pesticides, and transformation products (e.g. metabolites) specified in the EU Baby Food Directive 2003/13/EC is described. Prior to GC-MS/MS analysis, co-extractives were removed from acetonitrile extracts using dispersive solid phase extraction with octadecyl (200 mg) and primary secondary amine (50 mg) sorbents. The clean up proved essential for the satisfactory long-term chromatographic performance during the analysis of a range of representative commercially pre-prepared baby food samples. Extracts spiked with pesticides at 1-8 microg kg(-1), yielded average recoveries in the range 60-113% with relative standard deviations less than 28%.     

Simultaneous determination of 18 pyrethroids in indoor air by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous measurement of 18 pyrethroids (allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, fenpropathrin, furamethrin, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, resmethrin, tetramethrin and transfluthrin) in indoor air. The pyrethroids were collected for 24 h using a combination of adsorbents (quartz fiber filter disk and Empore C18 disk), with protection from light, and then extracted with acetone, concentrated, and analyzed by GC/MS. They could be determined accurately and precisely (detection limits: ca. 1 ng/m³). The collected pyrethroid samples could be stored for up to one month at 4 °C in a refrigerator.