Few-cycle mid-infrared pulse full characterization in single shot

We build a frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) setup based on the second harmonic generation (SHG) FROG to characterize the mid-infrared (MIR) few-cycle laser pulse in single shot basis. Considering the extremely wide bandwidth, we use 20-μm-thick BBO crystal as the nonlinear medium, and correct the spectral response with the frequency summing efficiency. Spatial splitting is adopted to avoid additional material dispersion. In combination with a 4f imaging, this configuration enables the setup to run in single shot. With the central wavelength of 1.8 μm, the measured pulse has a duration of 9.3 fs, which corresponds to about 1.5 cycles.     

A novel method to obtain electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe patterns with high contrast

Traditional speckle fringe patterns of electronic speckle pattern interferometry （ESPI） are obtained by adding, subtracting, or multiplying the speckle patterns recorded before and after the deformation. However, these speckle fringe patterns are of limited visibility, especially for addition and multiplication fringe patterns. We propose a novel method to obtain speckle fringe patterns of ESPI from undeformed and deformed speckle patterns. The fringe pattern generated by our method is of high contrast and has better quality than subtraction fringe. The new method is simple and does not require more computational effort. The proposed method is tested on the experimentally obtained undeformed and deformed speckle patterns. The experimental results illustrate the performance of this approach.     

单发次皮秒脉冲对比度的三阶自相关法测试技术

为了测试单发次皮秒脉冲对比度,设计并研制了非共轴三阶自相关仪。三阶自相关仪参数优化设计中,在确保获得正确的相关耦合信号的前提下,充分利用KDP晶体的极化张量,寻找有效非线性系数相对较高的相位匹配点,在满足非共线相位匹配条件的同时兼顾群速匹配,为增大时间测试范围,选取较大的入射光夹角。采用分区测试和图形重构技术,增大对比度测试的动态范围,结果显示采用两个科学级CCD测试的脉冲对比度在105左右。     

单发次皮秒脉冲对比度的三阶自相关法测试技术

为了测试单发次皮秒脉冲对比度,设计并研制了非共轴三阶自相关仪。三阶自相关仪参数优化设计中,在确保获得正确的相关耦合信号的前提下,充分利用KDP晶体的极化张量,寻找有效非线性系数相对较高的相位匹配点,在满足非共线相位匹配条件的同时兼顾群速匹配,为增大时间测试范围,选取较大的入射光夹角。采用分区测试和图形重构技术,增大对比度测试的动态范围,结果显示采用两个科学级CCD测试的脉冲对比度在105左右。     

Profile measurement of a one-dimensional phase boundary sample using a single shot phase-step method

Phase shifting interferometry is a preferred technique for high-resolution phase profile measurement, but the difficulty in generating the requested shifted pattern has limited the use of the technique to low-noise environment and in case accurate calibration of the phase shifting device is available. In the present experiment, a sample having one-dimensional straight phase boundary is mounted in one arm of an interferometer. One single image of the fringe pattern is recorded, a simple image process is applied generating phase shifted patterns from the original image. Using the appropriate phase shift algorithms, a phase map of the sample is obtained which gives a quantitative measurement of the topographical structure with the resolution of the phase shift method but a single shot recorded pattern.     

A general method to obtain vibrational symmetry adapted bases in a local scheme

A general approach to obtain symmetry adapted bases from a local set of states is presented. The approach is based on the identification of the invariant subspaces which, when projected by means of the eigenfunction method developed by Chen (1989, Group Representation Theory for Physicists Singapore, World Scientific), allow the generation of a symmetry adapted basis. The symmetrized functions so obtained are further taken as a basis to diagonalize simultaneously a set of normal number operators, which provides a set of normal states expanded in terms of the symmetry adapted local basis. In this approach the normal number operators are generated implicitly from the one quantum space through a tensorial formalism. Although the normal operators are defined in a harmonic basis, the locality of the basis allows the approach to be extended to anharmonic functions. This approach has the additional advantage of allowing the elimination of the spurious states, a common problem in a local coordinate representation. An important advantage of this symmetrization method is that it allows generation of a code to analyse any molecular system with a minimum set of input data.     

Inverse estimation of the pulse parameters of a time-varying laser pulse to obtain desired temperature at the material surface

A proper selection of the pulse parameters is essential to achieve desired temperature at the material surface. This leads to obtain the required metallurgical changes in the surface vicinity when a time-varying laser pulse is used in a heating process such as surface modification. In this paper, the conjugate gradient method (CGM) for parameter estimation is successfully applied to estimate the unknown laser pulse parameters for those purposes during laser heating process. The determination of the pulse parameters is treated as a one-dimensional, transient, non-linear inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). Based on a sensitivity analysis, the inverse problem is solved as an optimization problem comparing a desired temperature at the surface and a calculated one where the objective function is minimized by CGM. The method has been applied to a test case of a heating process on steel, appropriate pulse parameters and desired temperature distribution can also be returned.     

A new approximation method to obtain vibration eigenfunctions suitable for a new oscillator model

A new oscillator model has been proposed by introducing some modifications in the Morse potential function. Its efficacy is tested by taking a number of electronic states of diatomic molecules. For comparison the Hulbert-Hirschfelder model potential is also used. A new approximation method to find the vibrational eigenfunctions suitable for the new oscillator model has been reported. Langer’s method has been used to determine the wavefunctions. Franck-Condon factors andr-centroids are reported for the observed bands ofD ¹Π —X ¹Σ system of SnO molecule.     

理想气体压强公式的一种推导方法

本文从球形容器中理想气体入手，用一种简单易懂且不失一般性的方法，推导出理想气体压强公式。     

A method to obtain kinematic intensities from low-energy electron diffraction data

In order to use low-energy electron diffraction as a tool for surface crystallography, it would be useful to extract the single scattering, or kinematic part, from the intensity data. Details of a method to do this by taking data with different diffraction geometry but at fixed momentum transfer are presented. The method is illustrated by data from Ni and Ag. The temperature dependence of the averaged intensity is presented. The multiple scattering contributions to the averaged intensity can be accounted for by an effective atomic scattering factor. Conditions for the applicability of the method are discussed. From the resulting kinematic intensities, the surface atomic arrangements can be determined by simple modifications of conventional crystallographic analysis.     

电光双折射扫描滤波法提高啁啾脉冲对比度

提出了一种通过扫描滤波来提高啁啾脉冲对比度的方法,并分析了该方法的原理。与传统的非线性滤波技术不同,扫描滤波方法消除预脉冲时,选通原理是基于光的频率而不是强度。以电光双折射扫描滤波器为例,说明了扫描滤波法的具体应用。通过数值模拟及实验研究,发现电光双折射扫描滤波法可以有效地消除主脉冲以前几百ps的预脉冲,并且主脉冲同时还能保证较高的透过率。     

电光双折射扫描滤波法提高啁啾脉冲对比度

提出了一种通过扫描滤波来提高啁啾脉冲对比度的方法,并分析了该方法的原理。与传统的非线性滤波技术不同,扫描滤波方法消除预脉冲时,选通原理是基于光的频率而不是强度。以电光双折射扫描滤波器为例,说明了扫描滤波法的具体应用。通过数值模拟及实验研究,发现电光双折射扫描滤波法可以有效地消除主脉冲以前几百ps的预脉冲,并且主脉冲同时还能保证较高的透过率。     

基于脉冲复制的单脉冲激光对比度测量

为测量超短单脉冲激光的时间波形以及对比度信息,基于三阶强度相关原理,结合光脉冲复制技术,提出了基于脉冲复制的测量方法。对测量原理进行了详尽的理论分析。利用分步傅里叶和龙格库塔数值计算方法对测量方案做了模拟验证。基于脉冲复制的测量法能同时进行多窗口测量。通过拼接测量时间窗口,可以有效解决测量分辨率与测量时间窗口不能兼顾的问题,同时实现大时间窗口和高分辨率测量。通过将主脉冲与预脉冲分离到不同的测量窗口,避免了梯度衰减片的使用,且具有高对比度测量能力。     

基于脉冲复制的单脉冲激光对比度测量

为测量超短单脉冲激光的时间波形以及对比度信息,基于三阶强度相关原理,结合光脉冲复制技术,提出了基于脉冲复制的测量方法。对测量原理进行了详尽的理论分析。利用分步傅里叶和龙格库塔数值计算方法对测量方案做了模拟验证。基于脉冲复制的测量法能同时进行多窗口测量。通过拼接测量时间窗口,可以有效解决测量分辨率与测量时间窗口不能兼顾的问题,同时实现大时间窗口和高分辨率测量。通过将主脉冲与预脉冲分离到不同的测量窗口,避免了梯度衰减片的使用,且具有高对比度测量能力。     

求解非线性差分方程孤立波解的直接代数法

推广了求解非线性差分方程孤立波解的直接代数法.用此方法研究了Hybrid晶格方程，借助于符号计算Maple,得到它的新孤波解.这种方法也可用于求解其他的差分方程. 关键词： 微分-差分方程 Hybrid晶格方程 行波解 孤     

激光单脉冲冲量的扭摆测量方法

 激光脉冲作用于工质,使工质烧蚀反喷,产生微小冲量。研究了扭摆微小冲量测量方法,提出了在激光烧蚀反喷作用力下扭摆的运动方程,激光单脉冲作用下冲量所满足的积分方程。进一步通过积分方程的离散化方法,提出了激光单脉冲冲量的计算方法,并且进行了精度分析。为采用扭摆测量激光单脉冲冲量,提供了工程测量和计算方法。     

IDEAL-A fast single scan method for X pulse width calibration

In line with the recent development of the rapid single scan technique to calibrate proton flip angle, a new method that allows calibration of X-nucleus pulse width in a single scan is presented. The method involves observation of the anti-phase coherence of a proton coupled to a hetero-nuclear X-spin with nutation pulses applied at the X-spin resonance frequency in a gated decoupling experiment. The X-spin nutation causes the well-known illusions of decoupling, enabling estimation of rf amplitude level and the method is, thus, dubbed as IDEAL.     

Time multiplexing: a new single shot femtosecond pump-probe technique

Received: 26 August 1996/Revised version: 13 November 1996