Calculation, characterization, and application of the time shift function in wavelength-division-multiplexed return-to-zero systems

We calculate the time shift function for collisions of pairs of pulses in different channels in a prototypical return-to-zero wavelength-division-multiplexed system with dispersion management and precompensation and postcompensation. Once the time shift function is known, the impairments that are due to collision-induced timing jitter can be rapidly determined. We characterize the shape of this function and determine how it scales with the initial pulse separation in time and with channel separation in wavelength. Finally, we apply it to the calculation of the worst-case time shift.     

The effects of forcing and dissipation on phase transitions in thin granular layers

Recent experimental and computational studies of vibrated thin layers of identical spheres have shown transitions to ordered phases similar to those seen in equilibrium systems. Motivated by these results, we carry out simulations of hard inelastic spheres forced by homogenous white noise. We find a transition to an ordered state of the same symmetry as that seen in the experiments, but the clear phase separation observed in the vibrated system is absent. Simulations of purely elastic spheres also show no evidence for phase separation. We show that the energy injection in the vibrated system is dramatically different in the different phases, and suggest that this creates an effective surface tension not present in the equilibrium or randomly forced systems. We do find, however, that inelasticity suppresses the onset of the ordered phase with random forcing, as is observed in the vibrating system, and that the amount of the suppression is proportional to the degree of inelasticity. The suppression depends on the details of the energy injection mechanism, but is completely eliminated when inelastic collisions are replaced by uniform system-wide energy dissipation.     

相分离液体在玻璃转变过程中的动力学性质(英文)

近年来,相分离动力学一直受到大家的关注,人们从技术和理论角度进行了研究.一个二元系统从混溶温度开始进行快速冷却,这个过程驱使两个相的形成和生长.这种自发生长过程遵从幂规律R(t)∝t~n,R(t)是在t时刻的相分离域尺寸大小,增长指数n是一个重要的量,有效的反映了相分离域的增长机制.但是对于相分离液体的玻璃转变过程的研究相对较少.本文采用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法,提出了一个新的模型——相分离液体来研究玻璃转变过程.相分离在玻璃转变过程中,过冷液体分离为两个相.我们主要研究了体系的动力学不均匀性.发现两个相的动力学性质是不均匀的,两个相的玻璃转变温度是不一样的.分析得出,相分离液体在玻璃转变过程中存在着一个动力学奇异点.说明相分离可能是引起玻璃转变系统动力学奇异性的一个原因.     

Curie temperature and frustrated phase separation in manganites

There is an increasing experimental evidence that phase separation between insulating and metallic phase plays an important role in the physics of manganites. On general grounds one can argue that the electronic density in the metallic and insulating region will be generally different. This implies that phase separation of the ordinary “Maxwell construction” type is frustrated by the long-range Coulomb interaction. We present a generalization of Maxwell construction to this situation. The system is assumed to separate in islands of one phases hosted by the other. The size of the islands is determined minimizing a free energy that takes into account both surface energy and Coulomb effects. We discuss the peculiarities of this kind of phase separation and the consequences for the manganites. In particular, we present an explanation for the non-monotonous behavior of the Curie temperature as a function of doping.     

Event-driven simulations of insulating grains in an external electric field

In this work we employ event-driven particle dynamics simulations for a system of spherical insulating grains interacting with an external electric field. This system resembles the electrostatic particle separation present on some industrial processes. Here, the particles collide inelastically with each other and with the container walls, for a constant normal and tangential restitution coefficients. During the collisions, the grains can acquire electric charge due to triboelectric contact charging, since two different species of insulating particles are mixed. Particle-particle electric interactions are not considered. Grains are also subjected to the gravitational field and rotation, and are confined in a cubic box with thermal walls in order to prevent the static equilibrium state. We calculate the mass and charge density profile, and the particle charge distribution for different values of the electric field and temperature of the walls. The particle charge distribution and the effect of particle sizes on the separation process were also investigated.     

Separated subsystems in four-level atom

We study a four-level system with two lasers. We show that under certain conditions it is possible to group our four-level system into two completely separated two-level subsystems and this separation holds when the detunings and the Rabi frequencies in our system are time-dependent.     

Thickness effects on the Coulomb drag rate in double quantum layer systems

In this paper, we have investigated the effect of quantum layer thickness on Coulomb drag phenomenon in a double quantum well (DQW) system, in which the electrons momentum can transfer from one layer to another. We have applied the full random phase approximation (RPA) in dynamical dielectric matrix of this coupled two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system in order to obtain an improved result for temperature-dependent rate of momentum transfer. We have calculated the drag rate transresistivity for various well thicknesses at low and intermediate temperatures in Fermi-scale and for different electron gas densities. It has been obtained that the Coulomb drag rate increases with increasing the well width when the separation between the wells remains unchanged.     

Doubly Periodic Propagating Wave for （2d-1）-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

Using the variable separation approach, we obtain a general exact solution with arbitrary variable separation functions for the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton system. By introducing Jacobi elliptic functions in the seed solution, two families of doubly periodic propagating wave patterns are derived. We investigate these periodic wave solutions with different modulus m selections, many important and interesting properties are revealed. The interaction of Jabcobi elliptic function waves are graphically considered and found to be nonelastic.     

The space-bandwidth product in the joint transform correlator optical encryption setup

In this work we study the joint transform correlator (JTC) optical encryption setup through the Wigner function. We found analytical expressions for the spatial and spatial frequency extent of the encrypted signal. Since the JTC is inherently an asymmetrical optical system, different expressions were found for each spatial axis and for their associated spatial frequency axes. We also compare these results with the dual random phase encoding technique. Finally, we found an analytical expression for the minimum separation between channels that avoids crosstalk in a wavelength multiplexing JTC architecture.     

Estimating the state of large spatio-temporally chaotic systems

We consider the estimation of the state of a large spatio-temporally chaotic system from noisy observations and knowledge of a system model. Standard state estimation techniques using the Kalman filter approach are not computationally feasible for systems with very many effective degrees of freedom. We present and test a new technique (called a Local Ensemble Kalman Filter), generally applicable to large spatio-temporally chaotic systems for which correlations between system variables evaluated at different points become small at large separation between the points.     

On One Integrable System With a Cubic First Integral

Recently, Valent studied one integrable model with a cubic first integral of motion using a special coordinate system. We describe the bi-Hamiltonian structures and variables of separation for this system.     

A Series of Variable Separation Solutions and New Soliton Structures of （2＋1）-Dimensional Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Variable separation approach is introduced to solve the （2＋1）-dimensional KdV equation. A series of variable separation solutions is derived with arbitrary functions in system. We present a new soliton excitation model （24）. Based on this excitation, new soliton structures such as the multi-lump soliton and periodic soliton are revealed by selecting the arbitrary function appropriately.     

A Series of Variable Separation Solutions and New Soliton Structures of (2+1)-Dimensional Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Variable separation approach is introduced to solve the (2 1)-dimensional KdV equation. A series of variable separation solutions is derived with arbitrary functions in system. We present a new soliton excitation model (24). Based on this excitation, new soliton structures such as the multi-lump soliton and periodic soliton are revealed by selecting the arbitrary function appropriately.     

On the accuracy of the IWM–CFC approximation in differentially rotating relativistic stars

A circular restricted three-body problem describes the motion of a test particle around two massive bodies in circular orbits. In this system, orbital decay caused by a gravitational radiation reaction between the two primary bodies is considered but the direct effect of gravitational radiation on the test particle is neglected. We adopt distance- and time-scale transformations to Newtonian problems so that systems without orbital decay will not depend on separation between the primaries but systems with orbital decay will depend on this separation. If a regular or chaotic orbit is given in a Newtonian system, the starting separation of the primaries varies according to the corresponding decay system. Thus, insights into the chaotic behaviour of a third body in a decay case are provided. For a large initial separation between the primaries, the chaos that exists in a Newtonian problem may be retained for a long enough time scale of dissipative evolution before the primaries coalesce. The final state of a third body is escape attributed to orbital decay.     

Ab initio study of the influence of nanoscale doping inhomogeneities in the phase separated state of La1-xCaxMnO3

The chemical influence in the phase separation phenomenon that occurs in perovskite manganites is discussed by means of ab initio calculations. Supercells have been used to simulate a phase separated state, that occurs at Ca concentrations close to the localized itinerant crossover. We have first considered a model with two types of magnetic ordering coexisting within the same compound. This is not stable. However, a non-isotropic distribution of chemical dopants is found to be the ground state. This leads to regions in the system with different effective concentrations, that would always accompany the magnetic phase separation at the same nanometric scale, with hole-rich regions being more ferromagnetic in character and hole-poor regions being in the antiferromagnetic region of the phase diagram, as long as the system is close to a phase crossover.     

The Effect of Sphere Size on the Phase Behaviors in the Rod and Sphere Mixture System

The addition of polysaccharides, such as chondroitin sulfate (Chs), to the aqueous suspension of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in the TMV aggregation at very dilute TMV concentration compared with the addition of polyethylene oxide (PEO). The Chs chain has a semirigid nature, whereas the PEO has a flexible nature. In this study, we investigated the effect of the size of spherical polymer coils on the phase behaviors in the mixtures of rods and spheres using Monte Carlo simulations. As a model for TMV, we used the spherocylinder particle. The Chs and PEO chains were simplified to spherical particles having different sizes. With the addition of large spherical particles, the system changed from miscible phase to isotropic–isotropic phase separation and then isotropic–nematic phase separation states, whereas with the addition of small spherical particles, the system transformed from miscible isotropic phase to miscible nematic phase. We found that the sphere size had an important influence on the phase behaviors in the mixtures of rods and spheres.     

Liquid-gas phase separation in confined vibrated dry granular matter

A new phase transition is observed experimentally in a dry granular gas subject to vertical vibration between two horizontal plates. Molecular dynamics simulations of this system allow us to investigate the observed phase separation in detail. We find a high-density, low temperature liquid, coexisting with a low-density, high temperature gas moving coherently. The importance of the coherent motion for phase separation is investigated using frequency modulation.     

谐波分离和光束取样集成光学元件强激光近场调制及损伤特性研究

针对惯性约束聚变(ICF)终端光学系统对元件数量及厚度的限制，利用衍射光学元件(DOE)易于集成的优点，可将终端光学系统中实现不同功能的DOE元件集成于一体，以优化系统的结构和性能.为了对ICF终端光学系统集成光学元件在强激光条件下的正常运行提供分析的依据，采用傅里叶模式理论分别对色分离光栅(CSG)和色分离光栅-光束取样光栅(CSG-BSG)集成光学元件内部的近场调制特性进行了模拟计算.计算发现，将CSG与BSG集成以后其每一层的最大调制度比集成以前小10％—47％，但其激光诱导损伤风险和单个CSG一样 关键词： 色分离光栅-光束取样光栅集成光学元件 激光诱导损伤 惯性约束聚变 傅里叶模式法     

Spontaneous generation of entangled exciton in quantum dot systems

We calculate the time evolution of single-exciton states prepared for ensembles of two to four quantum dots. Each dot is considered a two-level system, but with slightly different excitation energies and dipole moments. The dots interact via a tunnel coupling which induces excitation transfer between single emitters, but conserves the total occupation of the system. We show that the initial exciton may evolve towards a steady state where the energy is partially trapped due to the formation of the subradiant (dark) states of the system. In the steady state the individual populations of each dot have permanent oscillations with frequencies given by the energy separation between the subradiant eigenstates.     

Comparison of phase error sensitivities of all-optical discrete Fourier transforms for OFDM demultiplexing

The design of three different filter structures for the separation of 8 sub-channels in an optical OFDM system are compared. They are based on serial, serial-parallel and parallel filtering and can be realized as planar lightwave circuits. We investigate the tolerance towards phase errors in these structures using a Monte-Carlo simulation.